Correlating Noble Rot Infection of Garganega Withered Grapes with Key Molecules and Odorants of Botrytized Passito Wine

Experimental passito wines with dierent percentages of naturally noble-rotten grapes of the Garganega variety were analyzed to evaluate key molecules and odorants related to the typical aroma and sensory profile of botrytized passito wine. Remarkable changes in the concentration of 1-octen-3-ol, 4-terpineol, benzaldehyde, N-(3-methylbutyl)acetamide, and sherry lactone 1 and 2 were observed between sound and noble-rotten wines. Wines were perceived to be dierent for floral, honey, figs, apricot, and caramel scents. By partial least square regression these descriptors were well correlated to samples. An important positive contribution of sherry lactones, N-(3-methylbutyl)acetamide, vanillin, benzaldehyde, and -butyrolactone to honey, apricot, and caramel was observed. It is conceivable that oxidative eects of Botrytis cinerea infection play an important role in the genesis of these chemical and sensory aroma markers. This study provides a predictive tool for winemakers that use natural grape withering to produce wines whose aroma profile is not standardized due to the seasonal variation of noble rot incidence

Primeiro relato da podridão da estipe da pupunheira, causada por Phytopthora palmivora, no Estado do Paraná.

Phytophthora palmivora foi isolado de plantas de pupunheira (Bactris gasipaes) com sintomas de podridão da estipe, no Paraná, em 2002. Testes de patogenicidade e o subseqüente reisolamento do fungo confirmaram a hipótese de que P. palmivora é o agente causal da podridão do estipe. Este é o primeiro relato de P. palmivora causando podridão do estipe na pupunheira no estado do Paraná

SYNTHESIS OF NEW EARTHY ODORANTS

Several derivatives of cyclohexanol and fenchol have been synthesized, as structural models of geosmin, with the aim to provide easy to make and cheap earthy odorants. 1,2,2,6-Tetramethylcyclohexanol and I-ethyl-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanol had odors very similar to that of geosmin. All of the compounds were synthesized in one step from cheap and readily available ketones, by reaction with Grignard or lithium derivatives. In some cases diastereoisomers were separated and the odors found to be markedly different. The products obtained from the two enantiomeric forms of fenchone also exhibited different odors

Effects of noble rot on must composition and aroma profile of Amarone wine produced by the traditional grape withering protocol

The effects of noble rot on the overall quality of Amarone wine, a “Passito” dry red wine, produced with traditional withering grape process is still poorly investigated. Wines obtained from healthy and selected grapes infected by noble-rot were compared. Validation of the experimental plan was carried out by determining glycerol and gluconic acid content, laccase activity and microbial analysis of the musts. The B. cinerea infection produced significant variation on esterase and β-glucosidase activity of grape must. Aroma analysis in healthy and botrytized wines, was carried out by SPE extraction followed by GC–MS quantification. A decrease of several fermentative esters was observed in botrytized wine, while the one produced from healthy grapes showed a higher fatty acid content. Molecules as 1-octen-3-ol, phenylacetaldehyde and furaneol were correlated positively to the noble-rotten grapes. Interestingly, γ-nonalactone and 4-carbethoxy-γ-butyrolactone increased, while Sherry lactones decreased in botrytized wine. The strong increase of N-(3-methylbutyl)-acetamide was related to B. cinerea grape infection

Co-localization of tryptase and cathepsin-G in mast cells in cutaneous mastocytosis

5Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous disease characterized by an abnormal growth and/or accumulation of clonal mast cells (MC) in one or more organs. The most frequent site of organ involvement is the skin. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunoreactivity to tryptase and to cathepsin-G of MC from human cutaneous mastocytosis and to compare their number in normal skin and cutaneous mastocytosis. Immunohistochemistry and dual immunofluorescence using anti-tryptase and anti-capthepsin-G antibodies was performed on biopsy specimens from 20 cases diagnosed as cutaneous mastocytosis. Tryptase-positive MC was more numerous as compared to cathepsin-G positive MC. Dual immunofluorescence for tryptase and cathepsin-G demonstrated a colocalization of tryptase and cathepsin-G in skin MC secretory granules. Morphometric evaluation of MC number demostrated that the number of both tryptase- and cathepsin-G-positive MC was significantly higher in cutaneous mastocytosis as compared to normal skin and that in both conditions the number of tryptase-positive MC was significantly higher as compared to the number of cathepsin-G-positive MC. In conclusion, in this study, for the first time we have demonstrated the presence of MC with immunoreactivity to cathepsin-G in human cutaneous mastocytosis, as well as the co-localization of tryptase and cathepsin-G in MC secretory granules.reservedmixedRIBATTI D; NICO B; FINATO N; CRIVELLATO E; BELTRAMI CARibatti, D; Nico, B; Finato, Nicoletta; Crivellato, Enrico; Beltrami, Carlo Albert

A HS-SPME/GC-MS method to analyse off-flavours in Italian marc distillates (Grappa).

A HS-SPME/GC-MS method to analyse off-flavours in Italian marc distillates (Grappa)