Health as dignity: political ecology, epistemology and challenges to environmental justice movements

Abstract The article discusses conceptual and methodological issues related to environmental risks and health problems, in the context of environmental injustice and conflicts. In doing so, we use the conceptual frameworks of political ecology and what we call political epistemology. We propose a comprehensive vision of health that relates not only to illness and death, but also to life, nature, culture and fundamental human rights. We summarize this as health and dignity, echoing the voices of countless people who have been fighting for the right to life and the commons, and against the impacts of mining, agribusiness and the oil industry. Therefore our concept of health is intrinsically related to the capacity of affected communities and their democratic allies to face environmental conflicts (the exploitation of natural resources and the workforce with the systematic violation of rights related to work, land, environment and health). Mobilizations for environmental justice also struggle for the autonomy of communities, their cultures, and the right to maintain indigenous or peasant livelihoods. The way knowledge is produced plays a fundamental role in environmental justice mobilizations since issues of power are related to epistemological disputes and counter-hegemonic alternatives. Political epistemology is an alternative way of confronting crucial questions related to knowledge production, uncertainties and the manipulations of those who generate environmental injustices. Finally, we point to some strategies for strengthening the shared production of knowledge and the mobilization of communities that organize to confront environmental injustices. Key words: political epistemology, political ecology of health, health and dignit

Mining conflicts around the world: Common grounds from an Environmental Justice perspective

Abstract. This report aims at exploring contemporary mining conflicts in the context of the sustainable development and environmental justice movement. This is done based on 24 real case studies from 18 different countries which are described by local activists and scholars. While 17 of the reported cases focus on conflicts related to metal mining (e.g. gold, silver, copper, zinc, and lead), four address uranium mining and one refers to coal mining. As an example of a new frontier in the industry, a sand mining conflict from India is also reported. All of these cases are directly chosen and reported, either in factsheet or in-depth study format, by EJOs, as part of a knowledge sharing activity well-established in EJOLT between EJOs and the academic community. Although the cases covered here are all quite unique and diverse in terms of type of conflict and geographical setting, they all share a common frame of analysis. First, the project and type of conflict are characterized in a nutshell, with some basic factual background that describe the companies involved, and the communities and locations affected. The roots of the conflicts are explored next, as well as relevant socioeconomic, cultural, health, and ecological impacts and related community claims. Where relevant, means of resistance are also specified with their influence on the project and/or the outcome of the conflict. The report then offers a synthesis of the described mining cases, review their commonalities, link gained insights with research needs and discuss some policy recommendations that might follow from this analysis. Despite its limitations, compiling such a diverse set of mining conflicts that builds on EJO knowledge promotes mutual learning and collaboration among stakeholders, EJOs and academia, which is one of the key objectives of EJOLT

Aplicação do princípio da anterioridade tributária às revogações de isenções fiscais

-Não obstante muito discutida, ainda hoje não existe consenso quanto à questão da natureza jurídica das isenções fiscais que possibilite uma resposta segura e unânime à pergunta de se a revogação de uma isenção fiscal deve obedecer ou não ao Princípio da Anterioridade Tributária. A posição adotada de forma acrítica pela jurisprudência atual segue antigo entendimento do Supremo Tribunal Federal, que a doutrina nacional já demonstrou ser ultrapassado. Entretanto, também essa doutrina não está livre de críticas, posto que se equivoca na compreensão da essência do fenômeno normativo. Este trabalho analisa a estrutura da norma tributária e a influência da isenção fiscal sobre ela, bem como procede a um estudo dos aspectos histórico e teleológico dos Princípios da Anualidade e da Anterioridade, para ao final responder, com base em ensinamentos de respeitáveis mestres da doutrina tributária nacional, o questionamento acima realizado

Selection of purple nonsulfur bacteria with ability to produce proteolytic enzyme and antivibrio activity against shrimp pathogenic vibrio spp.

วิทยานิพนธ์ (วท.ม. (จุลชีววิทยา))--มหาวิทยาลัยสงขลานครินทร์, 256

Riscos, saúde e justiça ambiental: o protagonismo das populações atingidas na produção de conhecimento Environmental risk, health and justice: the protagonism of affected populations in the production of knowledge

É discutida a participação das comunidades em situações de injustiça ambiental na produção de conhecimentos, as quais são decorrentes de desigualdades e de discriminações na distribuição de riscos e benefícios do desenvolvimento econômico. São destacados os limites epistemológicos e políticos para a produção de conhecimentos e de alternativas que possibilitem o avanço na construção de sociedades mais justas e sustentáveis. A partir de uma visão ampliada de saúde são discutidos os limites das abordagens científicas em reconhecer a importância do saber local, seja para analisar riscos ambientais ou seus efeitos à saúde, incluindo os estudos epidemiológicos. Tais limites relacionam-se basicamente ao ocultamento de conflitos e incertezas, à falta de contextualização da exposição aos riscos e efeitos sobre a saúde, assim como às dificuldades de diálogo com as comunidades. O artigo apresenta ainda contribuições e avanços decorrentes de movimentos por justiça ambiental. Concluiu-se que uma perspectiva construtivista, processual e democrática de confrontação de saberes e práticas poderá orientar a produção científica em prol da justiça ambiental.<br>This article discusses the role of populations affected by environmental injustice situations in the production of knowledge about environmental health stemming from inequalities and discrimination in the distribution of risks and benefits of economic development. Special attention is given to the epistemological and political limits to producing knowledge and alternatives that enable advances in building more just and sustainable societies are highlighted. Based on a broader view of health, the limits of scientific approaches are called into question by acknowledging the importance of local knowledge are discussed, either to analyze environmental risks or their effects on health, including epidemiological studies. These limits are linked primarily to the concealment of conflicts and uncertainties, the lack of contextualization of exposure to risk and effects on health, as well as the difficulties of dialogue with the communities. The article also presents contributions and advances presented by environmental justice movements. The conclusion is that a constructivist, procedural and democratic perspective of confronting forms of knowledge and practices can guide the scientific production to benefit of environmental justice