197 research outputs found
Determination of meteor flux distribution over the celestial sphere
A new method of determination of meteor flux density distribution over the celestial sphere is discussed. The flux density was derived from observations by radar together with measurements of angles of arrival of radio waves reflected from meteor trails. The role of small meteor showers over the sporadic background is shown
Some features of hydrolysis of the hybrid B-Z-form dna by serratia marcescens nuclease
Highly polymerized herring testis DNA of the random nucleotide sequence was used as a model of natural substrate to study some features of hydrolysis of the hybrid B-Z form with Serratia marcescens nuclease. The hybrid B-Z-form was formed upon addition of 1.15. M MgSO4 and 0.421 mM Co(NH3)6Cl3. The DNA transition from the right handed B-form to the hybrid B-Z-form caused a decrease in Vmax of DNA cleavage with the nuclease. The diminishing Vmax was consistent with diminishing values of Km and Kcat. The binding of Mg2+ or Co(NH3)6 3+ to highly polymerized DNA caused correspondingly about 80-or 7-fold decrease in Km and more than 1600 or 600 decrease in Kcat compared with that of Mg-DNA complex of B-form. Β© 2014 Science Publication
Ultraviolet photometry of Venus: Scattering layer above the absorbing clouds
Experimental measurements by ultraviolet photometers aboard Venera-9 and -10 are presented, discussed, and compared with various theoretical models of the ultraviolet structure of the atmosphere of Venus. The model in best agreement with observation provides for a finely dispersed, 8 km thick Rayleigh scattering layer above the primary cloud cover. Dark contrast details are considered to be breaks or areas of lower optical thickness in the upper scattering layer
Action of hexaamminecobalt on the activity of Serratia marcescens nuclease
Using CD spectroscopic and kinetic analysis, a refined mechanism of Co(NH3)6 3+ action on activity of Serratia marcescens nuclease was elucidated. The mechanism was identical with previously found mechanisms of Mg2+ and C7H5O2Hg+. Similarly to Mg2+ and C7H5O2Hg+, Co(NH3)6 3+ binding to the DNA substrate induced changes in the secondary structure which resulted in changes of the enzymatic activity of the S. marcescens nuclease. Upon binding of 0.03 Co(NH3)6 3+ per DNA phosphate, highly polymerized DNA displayed A-form characteristics. The DNA transition from B-form to A-form intermediate was followed by a decrease of the nuclease activity. The diminishing nuclease activity was consistent with diminishing values of Km and Kcat. Co(NH3)6 3+ binding to the highly polymerized DNA caused a 1.7-2.8-fold decrease in Km, and 13.3-19.9 decrease in Vmax compared with Mg-DNA complex. A vast excess of Co(NH3)63+ did not affect the activity of S. marcescens nuclease if the DNA in the assay mixture remained in its B-form conformation. Preincubation of S. marcescens nuclease with Co(NH3)6 3+ did not influence the tertiary structure of the enzyme
Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½-N-ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»- 3,3β-ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,4-Ρ]ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ
Aim. To synthesize a series of hexamethylene-N-maleinimidospiroindole-3,3β-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole derivatives, study the antimicrobial activity of the compounds synthesized and compare their antimicrobial activity with the antimicrobial activity of the bis-analogs previously synthesized.Materials and methods. The methods of organic synthesis, instrumental methods for determination of the molecular structure of organic compounds, agar well diffusion method were used.Experimental part. The interaction of isatins with a-amino acids and 1,6-bismaleinimidohexane in the equimolar ratio led to formation of 1β²-(hexamethylene-N-maleinimido)-2aβ²,5aβ²-dihydro-1β²H-spiroindol-3,3β²-pyrrolo[3,4-c] pyrrol-2,2β²,6β²(1H,3β²H,5β²H)-trion derivatives. The structure of the compounds synthesized was reliably proven by the instrumental methods. Data of the microbiological screening showed a high level of the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans fungi.Conclusions. It has been determined that the three-component condensation reaction of isatins with Ξ±-amino acids and 1,6-bismaleinimidohexane in the equimolar ratio is an efficient synthetic method of 1β²-(hexamethylene-N-maleinimido)-2aβ²,5aβ²-dihydro-1β²H-spiroindol-3,3β²-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2,2β²,6β²(1H,3β²H,5β²H)-trion derivatives, which reveal a high level of the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans fungi. 1β-(Hexamethylene-N-maleiimido)-5β-methyl-2aβ,5aβ-dihydro-1βH-spiroindol-3,3β-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2,2β,6β(1H,3βH,5βH)-trione has shown the highest antimicrobial activity among derivatives of hexamethylene-Nmaleinimidospiroindol- 3,3β-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrols.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½-N-ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΈΠ½-ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»-3,3β-ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,4-Ρ] ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»Π°, ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΡ-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ².ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π°, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π°Π³Π°Ρ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π².ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², Ξ±-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΈ 1,6-Π±ΠΈΡΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π° Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
1β-(Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½-N-ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎ)-2aβ,5aβ- Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎ-1βH-ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»-3,3β-ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,4-c]ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»-2,2β,6β(1H,3βH,5βH)-ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°. Π‘ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ Staphylococcus aureus ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ² Candida albicans.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², Ξ±-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΈ 1,6-Π±ΠΈΡΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° 1β-(Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½-N-ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎ)-2aβ,5aβ-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎ-1βH-ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»-3,3β-ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,4-c]ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»-2,2β,6β(1H,3βH,5βH)-ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ Staphylococcus aureus ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ² Candida albicans. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½-N-ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»-3,3β-ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,4-Ρ]ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ» 1β-(Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½-N-ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎ)-5β-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-2aβ,5aβ-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎ-1βH-ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»-3,3β-ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,4 c]ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»-2,2β,6β(1H,3βH,5βH)-ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½.ΠΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ β ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½-N-ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΎ-ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»-3,3β-ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,4Ρ]ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π· Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΡ-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ².ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ, ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ·ΡΡ Π² Π°Π³Π°Ρ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ·ΡΠ².ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΡΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΠ²ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ²Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ², Ξ±-Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Ρ 1,6-Π±ΡΡΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
1β-(Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½-N-ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΎ)-2aβ,5aβ-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎ-1βH-ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»-3,3β-ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,4-c]ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ»-2,2β,6β(1H,3βH,5βH)-ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ½Π³Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉ Staphylococcus aureus Ρ Π³ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ² Candida albicans.ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΠ²ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ², Ξ±-Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Ρ 1,6-Π±ΡΡΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Ρ Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ 1β-(Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½-N-ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΎ)-2aβ,5aβ-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎ-1βH-ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»-3,3β-ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,4-c]ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ»-2,2β,6β (1H,3βH,5βH)-ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΡΠ², ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉ Staphylococcus aureus Ρ Π³ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ² Candida albicans. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½-N-ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΎ-ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»-3,3β-ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,4-Ρ] ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ² 1β-(Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½-N-ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΎ)-5β-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-2aβ,5aβ-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎ-1βH-ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»-3,3β-ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,4-c] ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ»-2,2β,6β(1H,3βH, 5βH)-ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½
Tomographic method for meteor-flux determination from radar observations
Potentialities of the tomographic method are studied as this method used to determine the density distribution of the sporadic-meteor flux over the celestial sphere from radar observations with measuring radiowave-arrival angles. It is shown that the main features of the distributions obtained by this method are the same as those obtained by other methods but that the angular resolution is much higher. Β© 1997 MAHK Hayka /Interperiodica Publishing
ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ 1H-2,1-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-4-ΠΎΠ½ 2,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π· ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΉ. ΠΠ½ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ
Domino-type Knoevenagel-Michael-hetero-Thorpe-Ziegler and Knoevenagel-hetero-Diels-Alder interactions using 1-ethyl-1H-2,1-benzothiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide and aliphatic aldehydes as initial compounds have been studied. These reactions have led to 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-pyran and 2H-3,4-dihydropyran derivatives, respectively. It has been shown that the three-component one-pot interaction of 1-ethyl-1H-2,1-benzothiazin-4(3H)one 2,2-dioxide with saturated aliphatic aldehydes and malononitrile proceeds under rather mild conditions and results in formation of 2-amino-6-ethyl-4-alkyl-4,6-dihydropyrano[3,2-c][2,1]benzothiazin-3-carbonitrile 5,5-dioxides with moderate and high yields. At the same time, the yields of target products decrease with the increase of the length of the aliphatic aldehyde carbon chain. In this regard, the use of citronellal allowed us to obtain the product of the three-component interaction with a low yield. To date, there is no information in the literature about the possible application of aliphatic dialdehydes in such three-component interactions. It has been found that the use of glutaric aldehyde results in the synthesis of a new class of bis-derivatives of 2-amino-4H-pyran, in which two fragments are linked by the polymethylene bridge. The use of Ξ±,Ξ²-unsaturated aldehydes in the three-component interaction with 1-ethyl-1H-2,1-benzothiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide and malononitrile was accompanied by decrease in the process efficiency compared to saturated aliphatic aldehydes. The target fused 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-pyran was obtained only when Ξ±-methylcinnamic aldehyde was used in the reaction. A two-component interaction of 1-ethyl-1H-2,1-benzothiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide with citronellal has been also studied. It has been shown that this reaction is stereospecific. It proceeds through domino Knoevenagel-heteroDiels-Alder sequence resulting in a new heterocyclic system β 2,2a,3,4,5,6,6a,8-octahydroisochromeno[4,3-c] [2,1]benzothiazine 7,7-dioxide. The study of the antimicrobial activity of the compounds synthesized has allowed finding compounds with a moderate activity against P. aeruginosa Ρ C. albicans.ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎ-Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠ½Π΅Π²Π΅Π½Π°Π³Π΅Π»Ρ-ΠΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΠ»Ρ-Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ-Π’ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°-Π¦ΠΈΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΠ½Π΅Π²Π΅Π½Π°Π³Π΅Π»Ρ-Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ°-ΠΠ»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ° Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ 1-ΡΡΠΈΠ»-2,1-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-4(3Π)-ΠΎΠ½ 2,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
2-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎ-3-ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎ-4Π-ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ 2Π-3,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ 1-ΡΡΠΈΠ»-2,1-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-4(3Π)-ΠΎΠ½ 2,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 2-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎ-6-ΡΡΠΈΠ»-4-Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»-4,6-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ[3,2-c][2,1]Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-3-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ» 5,5-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈ Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π»Π»Π°Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
; ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΈΡ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
2-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎ-4Π-ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ξ±,Ξ²-Π½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ 1-ΡΡΠΈΠ»-2,1-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-4(3Π)-ΠΎΠ½ 2,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ 2-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎ-3-ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎ-4Π-ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ξ±-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ 1-ΡΡΠΈΠ»-2,1-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-4(3Π)-ΠΎΠ½ 2,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π»Π»Π°Π»Π΅ΠΌ; ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎ-Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ½Π΅Π²Π΅Π½Π°Π³Π΅Π»Ρ-Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ°-ΠΠ»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ β 2,2a,3,4,5,6,6a,8-ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎ[4,3-c][2,1]Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ 7,7-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² P. aeruginosa ΠΈ C. albicansΠΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π°Π³Π΅Π»Ρ-ΠΡΡ
Π°Π΅Π»Ρ-Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ-Π’ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°-Π¦ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ° ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π°Π³Π΅Π»Ρ-Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°-ΠΠ»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ° Π·Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ 1-Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1Π-2,1-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-4(3Π)-ΠΎΠ½Ρ 2,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ° Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠ², ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
2-Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎ-3-ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ-4Π-ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ° 2Π-3,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΉΠ½Π° Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ 1-Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1Π-2,1-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-4(3Π)-ΠΎΠ½Ρ 2,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π· Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ³Π°Ρ Ρ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌβΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ 2-Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎ-6-Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»-4-Π°Π»ΠΊΡΠ»-4,6-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ[3,2 c][2,1]Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-3-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ» 5,5-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² Π· Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π£ ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π°Π½ΡΡΠ³Π° Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊ, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π»Π°Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π²Π΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Π· Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Ρ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡ
; ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π°Ρ Π±ΡΡ-ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
2-Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎ-4Π-ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ, Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ Π·βΡΠ΄Π½Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Ξ±,Ξ²-Π½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π· 1-Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1Π-2,1-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-4(3Π)-ΠΎΠ½Ρ 2,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π· Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π¦ΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ 2-Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎ-3-ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ-4Π-ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ Π±ΡΠ² ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΊΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Ξ±-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆ 1-Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1Π-2,1-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-4(3Π)-ΠΎΠ½Ρ 2,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π»Π°Π»Π΅ΠΌ; ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ³Π°Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π°Π³Π΅Π»Ρ-Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°-ΠΠ»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ β 2,2a,3,4,5,6,6a,8-ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠ·ΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎ[4,3-c][2,1]Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ 7,7-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½Ρ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈ P. aeruginosa Ρ C. albicans
Ecological aspects of economical development: issues of forecast greenhouse gas emissions in road transport in Europe and regions of Russia
Environmental aspects are an essential part of economic development. Improvement of the environmental situation can have a significant impact on the pace and structure of economic development. For environmental component, it is important to analyze the current state and predict greenhouse gas emissions. The development of methodological approaches in this area will allow for more detailed forecasting of the situation. In order to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, European countries have set targets for efficiency of energy consumption and widespread use of renewable energy sources, which they have achieved and become world leaders in using them. By 2020, the goal is set for energy consumption to be at least 20% from renewable sources. According to the forecast on average, in 2040 the share of oil products in the structure of fuel consumption in road transport in Europe will be reduced to 80%. Nevertheless, in the countries of Europe, various trends in the field of greenhouse gas emissions are expected. Most countries have a high potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fuel combustion on road vehicles. In Russia, emissions from vehicles are projected to reduce by 8% by 2040.
Document type: Articl
Associations of meteor microshowers or as the Kazan radar "SEES" radiants on northern celestial hemisphere
The discrete quasitomographic method of the analysis of the interferometric data of meteor radar gives us the possibility of measuring coordinates and velocities of very weak meteor showers with a 2 Γ 2 square degree resolution on the celestial sphere. The minimal rate of the meteors in each microstream is five meteors per day. At such sensitivity, basic distinctions between irregularities of the sporadic background and meteor streams vanish. More than 1000 of the detected microshowers per month are associated with a combination of (a) the large known meteor showers, (b) the weaker known meteor showers and (c) till now unknown associations of microshowers. All microshowers regardless of association have the identical velocities, limited areas of radiation and near simultaneity of their acting dates. The results are compiled as maps of radiant distribution and average velocities of microstreams for different months. From these it is possible to see how the microshower activity for various discrete sites on the celestial sphere correlate with the behavior of the well-known meteor streams and thus to infer the orbital properties of the different microstream configurations. Β© Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2005
Metal binding induces conversion of B- to the hybrid B-Z-form in natural DNA
Highly polymerized herring testis DNA of the random nucleotide sequence has been studied in solution by circular dichroism and ultra-violet absorption spectrometry under various experimental conditions. At low temperature upon addition of 0.05 M NaCl or 1.15 M MgSO4 the DNA formed a helix that belonged to the B-family. As the temperature was increased a transition from the pure B- to the hybrid B-Z-form occurred in the presence of 1.15 M MgSO4. This transition occurred over a large range of temperatures and corresponded to a non-cooperative conformational change. A similar DNA transition was induced with 0.098 mM Co(NH3)6Cl3. However, in the presence of 5.3 M NaCl the DNA conformation was not similar to that observed in 1.15 M MgSO4 or 0.098 mM Co(NH3)6Cl3 independently on the environmental temperature. In 5.3 M NaCl the DNA is thought to undergo a transition from one to another right-handed conformation that could be intermediate partially dehydrated conformer arising on the first step in the sequential transition to the dehydration of the polynucleotide. Our results show that a realistic model of native DNA, bearing Z-tracts embedded in B-helixes, can be obtained upon binding of alkaline earth or transition metals. Β© 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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