Screening and identification of cellulase producing yeast-like microorganisms from Brazilian biomes

The main goals of the present study included the screening and identification of cellulase producing wild yeasts, isolated from samples collected from different Brazilian biomes. They were selected according to their capabilities of degrading carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and micro-crystalline cellulose (SERVACEL®), as single carbon sources in solid medium. After the step of solid medium selection, yeast cells were grown in liquid medium containing cellulose (SERVACEL®); in shake flasks at temperature of 30°C and 150 rpm agitation for 288 h. Three specific activities were evaluated: endoglucanase (CMCase), total activity (filter paper activity), and cellobiase. From a total of 390 strains of wild yeasts previously isolated, 16 strains performed cellulose hydrolysis, verified by the colorless halo in the solid medium. Among these 16 strains, 5 stood out as presenting higher levels of enzyme activity. The following step, screening in liquid medium, indicated only one strain as a potential producer of cellulases, named as AAJ6, for which the highest hydrolytic activity on carboxymethyl cellulose (0.33 U/ml) and filter paper (0.039 U/ml) was recorded. Afterwards, this wild yeast strain (AAJ6) was molecularly identified by sequencing the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and D1/D2 domains of the subunit (26 S) ribosomal DNA. Sequencing resulted in the identification of this strain as yeast-like fungus Acremonium strictum.Keywords: Acremonium strictum, screening, identification, yeast-like, cellulase

Optimization Of A Process Of Continuous Enzyme Purification By Surface Response Analysis

The methodology considered in this work for the optimization of an enzyme purification process by continuous adsorption recycle extraction (CARE) makes use of surface response analysis. The advantage of such approach is mainly concerned with the fact that it does not require the use of reduced models. In this way, through a detailed model of the system, it is possible to account for operational conditions, the whole set of process variables and design detail in the analysis. With this information, the main effects of each variable (among a group of seven) have been quantified, so that high yield can be achieved handling the enzyme feed concentration, the adsorption stage feed flow rate, the bed porosity and the recycling flow rate. For the productivity, beyond the enzyme feed concentration and the adsorption stage feed flow rate, the volumes of both adsorption and desorption are important. Through a two-star factorial procedure, it was possible to obtain mathematical relationships for the yield and productivity which are very useful in defining operating policy and design details in the search for optimal conditions. © 1993.43144148Box, Hunter, Hunter, (1978) Statistics for Experimenters — an Introduction to Design, Data Analysis and Model Building, , John Wiley & Sons, New YorkChase, Prediction of the performance of preparative affinity chromatography (1984) J. Chromatogr., 297, pp. 179-202Chase, Affinity separations utilising immobilized monoclonal antibodies — a new tool for the biochemical engineer (1984) Chem. Eng. Sci., 39, pp. 1099-1125Cowan, Goisling, Laws, Sweetenham, Physical and mathematical modelling to aid scale up of liquid chromatography (1986) Journal of Chromatography A, 363, pp. 37-56Khuri, Cornell, (1987) Response Surface-Design and Analyses, , Marcel Dekker, ASQC Quality Press, New YorkPungor, Afeyan, Gordon, Cooney, Continuous affinity — recycle extraction a novel protein separation technique (1987) Bio/Technology, 5, pp. 604-608Rodrigues, Zaror, Maugeri, Asenjo, Dynamic modelling, simulation and control of continuous adsorption recycle extraction (1992) Chem. Eng. Sci., 47, pp. 263-26

Effects of carbon and nitrogen sources and oxygenation on the production of inulinase by Kluyveromyces marxianus

Cultivations of Kluyveromyces marxianus var. bulgaricus ATCC 16045 were performed on both minimal and complex media using different carbon and nitrogen sources either in the presence or absence of aeration. The results collected were worked out and compared so as to provide a useful contribution to the optimization of inulinase production

Ion exchange expanded bed chromatography for the purification of an extracelular inulinase from Kluyveromyces marxianus

The use of an expanded bed of Streamline SP resin (Pharmacia) for the purification of an extracellular inulinase directly from an unclarified crude broth was investigated. The purification yield achieved 74% with a purification factor of about 10.4. Adsorption were similar whether the crude medium had microbial cells or not. The influence of bed expansion on adsorption performance was determined by frontal analysis. Breakthrough curves for inulinase were compared and the process was more efficient at a bed expansion degree of 2.0 (bed voidage of 0.7). (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.40258158

Kinetics Of Ethanol Production From Sugarcane Bagasse Enzymatic Hydrolysate Concentrated With Molasses Under Cell Recycle

In this work, a kinetic model for ethanol fermentation from sugarcane bagasse enzymatic hydrolysate concentrated with molasses was developed. A model previously developed for fermentation of pure molasses was modified by the inclusion of a new term for acetic acid inhibition on microorganism growth rate and the kinetic parameters were estimated as functions of temperature. The influence of the hydrolysate on the kinetic parameters is analyzed by comparing with the parameters from fermentation of pure molasses. The impact of cells recycling in the kinetic parameters is also evaluated, as well as on the ethanol yield and productivity. The model developed described accurately most of the fermentations performed in several successive batches for temperatures from 30 to 38 °C. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.130351359Almeida, J.R.M., Modig, T., Petersson, A., Hähn-Hägerdal, B., Lidén, G., Gorwa-Grauslund, M.F., Increased tolerance and conversion of inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2007) J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 82 (4), pp. 340-349Almeida, J., Bertilsson, M., Gorwa-Grauslund, M., Gorsich, S., Lidén, G., Metabolic effects of furaldehydes and impacts on biotechnological processes (2009) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 82 (4), pp. 625-638Basso, L.C., De Amorim, H.V., De Oliveira, A.J., Lopes, M.L., Yeast selection for fuel ethanol production in Brazil (2008) FEMS Yeast Res., 8 (7), pp. 1155-1163Brethauer, S., Wyman, C.E., Review: continuous hydrolysis and fermentation for cellulosic ethanol production (2010) Bioresour. Technol., 101 (13), pp. 4862-4874da Cunha-Pereira, F., Hickert, L.R., Sehnem, N.T., de Souza-Cruz, P.B., Rosa, C.A., Ayub, M.A.Z., Conversion of sugars present in rice hull hydrolysates into ethanol by Spathaspora arborariae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and their co-fermentations (2012) Bioresour. Technol., 102 (5), pp. 4218-4225de Andrade, R., Ccopa Rivera, E., Costa, A., Atala, D., Filho, F., Filho, R., Estimation of temperature dependent parameters of a batch alcoholic fermentation process (2007) Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., (1), pp. 753-763de Andrade, R., Rivera, E., Atala, D., Filho, R., Filho, F., Costa, A., Study of kinetic parameters in a mechanistic model for bioethanol production through a screening technique and optimization (2009) Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng., 32 (5), pp. 673-680Dorta, C., Oliva-Neto, P., de-Abreu-Neto, M.S., Nicolau-Junior, N., Nagashima, A.I., Synergism among lactic acid, sulfite, pH and ethanol in alcoholic fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PE-2 and M-26) (2006) World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 22 (2), pp. 177-182Fujitomi, K., Sanda, T., Hasunuma, T., Kondo, A., Deletion of the PHO13 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae improves ethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolysate in the presence of acetic and formic acids, and furfural (2012) Bioresour. Technol., 111, pp. 161-166Ghose, T.K., Measurement of cellulase activities (1987) Pure Appl. Chem., 59Helle, S., Cameron, D., Lam, J., White, B., Duff, S., Effect of inhibitory compounds found in biomass hydrolysates on growth and xylose fermentation by a genetically engineered strain of S. cerevisiae (2003) Enzyme Microb. Technol., 33 (6), pp. 786-792Hodge, D., Karim, M., Schell, D., McMillan, J., Model-based fed-batch for high-solids enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis (2009) Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 152 (1), pp. 88-107Levenspiel, O., The monod equation: a revisit and a generalization to product inhibition situations (1980) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 22 (8), pp. 1671-1687Li, Y., Gao, K., Tian, S., Zhang, S., Yang, X., Evaluation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y5 for ethanol production from enzymatic hydrolysate of non-detoxified steam-exploded corn stover (2011) Bioresour. Technol., 102 (22), pp. 10548-10552Luedeking, R., Piret, E.L., A kinetic study of the lactic acid fermentation. Batch process at controlled pH (1959) J. Biochem. Microbiol. Technol. Eng., 1 (4), pp. 393-412Luong, J.H.T., Kinetics of ethanol inhibition in alcohol fermentation (1985) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 27 (3), pp. 280-285Maiorella, B., Blanch, H.W., Wilke, C.R., By-product inhibition effects on ethanolic fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1983) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 25 (1), pp. 103-121Miranda Júnior, M., Batistote, M., Cilli, E.M., Ernandes, J.R., Sucrose fermentation by Brazilian ethanol production yeasts in media containing structurally complex nitrogen sources (2009) J. Inst. Brew., 115 (3), pp. 191-197Morales-Rodriguez, R., Meyer, A.S., Gernaey, K.V., Sin, G., Dynamic model-based evaluation of process configurations for integrated operation of hydrolysis and co-fermentation for bioethanol production from lignocellulose (2011) Bioresour. Technol., 102 (2), pp. 1174-1184Narendranath, N.V., Thomas, K.C., Ingledew, W.M., Effects of acetic acid and lactic acid on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a minimal medium (2001) J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 26 (3), pp. 171-177Olsson, L., Hahn-Hägerdal, B., Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates for ethanol production (1996) Enzyme Microb. Technol., 18 (5), pp. 312-331Pereira, F., Gomes, D., Guimarães, P., Teixeira, J., Domingues, L., Cell recycling during repeated very high gravity bio-ethanol fermentations using the industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain PE-2 (2012) Biotechnol. Lett., 34 (1), pp. 45-53Petersson, A., Almeida, J., Modig, T., Karhumaa, K., Hahn-Hägerdal, B., Gorwa-Grauslund, M., Lidén, G., A 5-hydroxymethyl furfural reducing enzyme encoded by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADH6 gene conveys HMF tolerance (2006) Yeast, 23, pp. 455-464Phisalaphong, M., Srirattana, N., Tanthapanichakoon, W., Mathematical modeling to investigate temperature effect on kinetic parameters of ethanol fermentation (2006) Biochem. Eng. J., 28 (1), pp. 36-43Rabelo, S., Filho, R., Costa, A., A comparison between lime and alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatments of sugarcane bagasse for ethanol production (2008) Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 144 (1), pp. 87-100Rabelo, S.C., Amezquita Fonseca, N.A., Andrade, R.R., Maciel Filho, R., Costa, A.C., Ethanol production from enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse pretreated with lime and alkaline hydrogen peroxide (2011) Biomass Bioenergy, 35 (7), pp. 2600-2607Rabelo, S.C., Carrere, H., Maciel Filho, R., Costa, A.C., Production of bioethanol, methane and heat from sugarcane bagasse in a biorefinery concept (2011) Bioresour. Technol., 102 (17), pp. 7887-7895Sanda, T., Hasunuma, T., Matsuda, F., Kondo, A., Repeated-batch fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysate to ethanol using a hybrid Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain metabolically engineered for tolerance to acetic and formic acids (2011) Bioresour. Technol., 102 (17), pp. 7917-7924Shen, F., Zhong, Y., Saddler, J., Liu, R., Relatively high-substrate consistency hydrolysis of steam-pretreated sweet sorghum bagasse at relatively low cellulase loading (2011) Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 165 (3), pp. 1024-1036Slininger, P.J., Thompson, S.R., Weber, S., Liu, Z.L., Moon, J., Repression of xylose-specific enzymes by ethanol in Scheffersomyces (Pichia) stipitis and utility of repitching xylose-grown populations to eliminate diauxic lag (2011) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 108 (8), pp. 1801-1815Verduyn, C., Postma, E., Scheffers, W.A., Van Dijken, J.P., Effect of benzoic acid on metabolic fluxes in yeasts: a continuous-culture study on the regulation of respiration and alcoholic fermentation (1992) Yeast, 8 (7), pp. 501-517Wang, M.Q., Han, J., Haq, Z., Tyner, W.E., Wu, M., Elgowainy, A., Energy and greenhouse gas emission effects of corn and cellulosic ethanol with technology improvements and land use changes (2011) Biomass Bioenergy, 35 (5), pp. 1885-1896Wood, T.M., Bhat, K.M., Methods for measuring cellulase activities (1988) Methods in Enzymology, 160, pp. 81-112. , Academic PressYang, K.-M., Lee, N.-R., Woo, J.-M., Choi, W., Zimmermann, M., Blank, L.M., Park, J.-B., Ethanol reduces mitochondrial membrane integrity and thereby impacts carbon metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2012) FEMS Yeast Res., 12 (6), pp. 675-684Zhao, B., Wang, L., Li, F., Hua, D., Ma, C., Ma, Y., Xu, P., Kinetics of d-lactic acid production by Sporolactobacillus sp. strain CASD using repeated batch fermentation (2010) Bioresour. Technol., 101 (16), pp. 6499-650

DYNAMIC MODELLING AND ADVANCED PREDICTIVE CONTROL OF A CONTINUOUS PROCESS OF ENZYME PURIFICATION

A dynamic mathematical model, simulation and computer control of a Continuous Affinity Recycle Extraction (CARE) process, a protein purification technique based on protein adsorption on solid-phase adsorbents is described in this work. This process, consisting of three reactors, is a multivariable process with considerable time delay in the on-line analyses of the controlled variable. An advanced predictive control configuration, specifically the Dynamic Matrix Control (DMC), was applied. The DMC algorithm was applied in process schemes where the aim was to maintain constant the enzyme concentration in the outlet of the third reactor. The performance of the DMC controller was analyzed in the feed-flow disturbances and the results are presented

DYNAMIC MODELLING AND ADVANCED PREDICTIVE CONTROL OF A CONTINUOUS PROCESS OF ENZYME PURIFICATION

A dynamic mathematical model, simulation and computer control of a Continuous Affinity Recycle Extraction (CARE) process, a protein purification technique based on protein adsorption on solid-phase adsorbents is described in this work. This process, consisting of three reactors, is a multivariable process with considerable time delay in the on-line analyses of the controlled variable. An advanced predictive control configuration, specifically the Dynamic Matrix Control (DMC), was applied. The DMC algorithm was applied in process schemes where the aim was to maintain constant the enzyme concentration in the outlet of the third reactor. The performance of the DMC controller was analyzed in the feed-flow disturbances and the results are presented.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Isopropanol-butanol-ethanol (IBE) production in repeated-batch cultivation of Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423 immobilized on sugarcane bagasse

The IBE mixture is a potential automotive fuel, and its production by Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423, the best known natural IBE producer, is hindered by low productivity and low butanol titer. To alleviate this problem, we cultivated C. beijerinckii DSM 6423 in repeated batches using sugarcane bagasse as a low-cost immobilization agent. Experiments were conducted in 250-mL bottles containing 150 mL P2 medium, glucose, and bagasse. In a fermentation with seven batch cycles (257 h) containing 7.5 g bagasse, glucose (60 g/L) conversion varied between 38% and 98%. In four of the batch cycles, IBE productivity was between 0.22 and 0.28 g/L∙h, and butanol titer reached 6.7–8.6 g/L. In contrast, in a free-cell single-batch cultivation, glucose conversion was limited to 35%, IBE production was slower (0.13 g IBE/L∙h), and butanol titer did not exceed 4.8 g/L. Despite the gains in productivity and butanol titer, further research is needed to elucidate the factors and mechanisms that caused IBE yield to decline during repeated-batch cultivation of C. beijerinckii DSM 6423263FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2015/20630-4; 2016/23042-9; 2018/23983-

Concentration And Purification Of Galacto-oligosaccharides Using Nanofiltration Membranes

Summary: This study was aimed at using nanofiltration to purify the galactooligosaccharides (GOS) found in a commercial mixture containing lactose, glucose and galactose, whose compositions were similar to that obtained through transgalactosylation reactions catalysed by β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 7082. NP030 polyethersulphone membrane was selected for the purification processes, once it differed statistically from other membranes due to the higher purification factor and permeate flux under the optimised temperature and pressure conditions of 35 °C and 3 MPa, respectively. Results indicate that NP030 membrane can be employed as a preliminary technique for the GOS purification with approximately 61% (w/w) of recovery. © 2014 Institute of Food Science and Technology.49819531961Al-Juboori, R.A., Yusaf, T., Biofouling in RO system: mechanisms, monitoring and controlling (2012) Desalination, 302, pp. 1-23Atra, R., Vatai, G., Bekassy-Molnar, E., Balint, A., Investigation of ultra- and nanofiltration for utilization of whey protein and lactose (2005) Journal of Food Engineering, 67, pp. 325-332Botelho-Cunha, V.A., Mateus, M., Petrus, J.C.C., Pinho, M.N., Tailoring the enzymatic synthesis and nanofiltration fractionation of galacto- oligosaccharides (2010) Biochemical Engineering Journal, 50, pp. 29-36Cardelle-Cobas, A., Corzo, N., Olano, A., Peláez, C., Requena, T., Ávila, M., Galactooligosaccharides derived from lactose and lactulose: influence of structure on Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Bifidobacterium growth (2011) International Journal of Food Microbiology, 149, pp. 81-87Carvalho, A.L., Maugeri-Filho, F., Silva, V., Hernández, A., Palacio, L., Pradanos, P., AFM analysis of the surface of nanoporous membranes: application to the nanofiltration of potassium clavulanate (2011) Journal of Materials Science, 46, pp. 3356-3369Conidi, C., Cassano, A., Drioli, E., Recovery of phenolic compounds from orange press liquor by nanofiltration (2012) Food and Bioproducts Processing, 90, pp. 867-874Feng, Y.M., Chang, X.L., Wang, W.H., Ma, R.Y., Separation of galacto-oligosaccharides mixture by nanofiltration (2009) Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 40, pp. 326-332Gibson, G.R., Probert, H.M., Loo, J.V., Rastall, R.A., Roberfroid, M.B., Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: updating the concept of prebiotics (2004) Nutrition Research Reviews, 17, pp. 259-275González-Muñoz, M.J., Parajó, J.C., Diafiltration of Eucalyptus wood autohydrolysis liquors: mathematical modeling (2010) Journal of Membrane Science, 346, pp. 98-104Goulas, A.K., Kapasakalidis, P.G., Sinclair, H.R., Rastall, R.A., Grandison, A.S., Purification of oligosaccharides by nanofiltration (2002) Journal of Membrane Science, 209, pp. 321-335Goulas, A.K., Grandison, A.S., Rastall, R.A., Fractionation of oligosaccharides by nanofiltration (2003) Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 83, pp. 675-680Grandison, A.S., Goulas, A.K., Rastall, R.A., The use of dead-end and crossflow nanofiltration to purify prebiotic oligosaccharides from reaction mixtures (2002) Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 24, pp. 915-928Gullón, P., González-Muñoz, M.J., Domínguez, H., Parajó, J.C., Membrane processing of liquors from Eucalyptus globulus autohydrolysis (2008) Journal of Food Engineering, 87, pp. 257-265Hernández, O., Ruiz-Matute, A.I., Olano, A., Moreno, F.J., Sanz, M.L., Comparison of fractionation techniques to obtain prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (2009) International Dairy Journal, 19, pp. 531-536Hernández-Hernández, O., Calvillo, I., Lebrón-Aguilar, R., Moreno, F.J., Sanz, M.L., Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for the characterization of prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (2012) Journal of Chromatography A, 1220, pp. 57-67Kuhn, R.C., Maugeri-Filho, F., Silva, V., Palacio, L., Hernández, A., Prádanos, P., Mass transfer and transport during purification of fructooligosaccharides by nanofiltration (2010) Journal of Membrane Science, 365, pp. 356-365Kuhn, R.C., Maugeri-Filho, F., Palacio, L., Prádanos, P., Hernández, A., Selection of membranes for purification of fructooligosaccharides (2011) Desalination and Water Treatment, 27, pp. 18-24Li, W., Li, J., Chen, T., Chen, C., Study on nanofiltration for purifying fructooligosaccharides: I. operation modes (2004) Journal of Membrane Science, 245, pp. 123-129Li, W., Li, J., Chen, T., Chen, C., Study on nanofiltration for purifying fructo-oligosaccharides: II. extended pore model (2005) Journal of Membrane Science, 258, pp. 8-15Machado, M.T.C., Mello, B.C.B.S., Hubinger, M.D., Study of alcoholic and aqueous extraction of pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) natural antioxidants and extracts concentration by nanofiltration (2013) Journal of Food Engineering, 117, pp. 450-457Maischberger, T., Nguyen, T.H., Sukyai, P., Production of lactose-free galacto-oligosaccharide mixtures: comparison of two cellobiose dehydrogenases for the selective oxidation of lactose to lactobionic acid (2008) Carbohydrate Research, 343, pp. 2140-2147Manera, A.P., Costa, F.A.A., Rodrigues, M.I., Kalil, S.J., Maugeri-Filho, F., Galactooligosaccharides production using permeabilized cells of Kluyveromyces marxianus (2010) International Journal of Food Engineering, 6, pp. 112-119Manera, A.P., Zabot, G.L., Oliveira, V.J., Enzymatic synthesis of galactooligosaccharides using pressurised fluids as reaction medium (2012) Food Chemistry, 133, pp. 1408-1413Mello, B.C.B.S., Petrus, J.C.C., Hubinger, M.D., Concentration of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in aqueous and ethanolic propolis extracts through nanofiltration (2010) Journal of Food Engineering, 96, pp. 533-539Mohammad, A.W., Basha, R.K., Leo, C.P., Nanofiltration of glucose solution containing salts: effects of membrane characteristics, organic component and salts on retention (2010) Journal of Food Engineering, 97, pp. 510-518Montañés, F., Olano, A., Reglero, G., Ibáñez, E., Fornari, T., Supercritical technology as an alternative to fractionate prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (2009) Separation and Purification Technology, 66, pp. 383-389Murthy, G.S., Sridhar, S., Shyam Sunder, M., Shankaraiah, B., Ramakrishna, M., Concentration of xylose reaction liquor by nanofiltration for the production of xylitol sugar alcohol (2005) Separation and Purification Technology, 44, pp. 221-228Rodrigues, M.I., Iemma, F., (2012) Experimental Design and Process Optimization, pp. 133-230. , Campinas, Brazil: Cárita EditoraRodriguez-Fernandez, M., Cardelle-Cobas, A., Villamiel, M., Banga, J.R., Detailed kinetic model describing new oligosaccharides synthesis using different β-galactosidases (2011) Journal of Biotechnology, 153, pp. 116-124Schäfer, A.I., Fane, A.G., Waite, T.D., (2005) Nanofiltration: Principles and Applications, pp. 169-239. , Oxford, UK: ElsevierSen, D., Gosling, A., Stevens, G.W., Galactosyl oligosaccharide purification by ethanol precipitation (2011) Food Chemistry, 128, pp. 773-777Sridhar, S., Kale, A., Khan, A.A., Reverse osmosis of edible vegetable oil industry effluent (2002) Journal of Membrane Science, 205, pp. 83-90Tsibranska, I.H., Tylkowski, B., Concentration of ethanolic extracts from Sideritis ssp. L. by nanofiltration: comparison of dead-end and cross-flow modes (2013) Food and Bioproducts Processing, 91, pp. 169-174Tsuru, T., Izumi, S., Yoshioka, T., Asaeda, M., Temperature effect on transport performance by inorganic nanofiltration membranes (2000) AIChE Journal, 46, pp. 565-574Tylkowski, B., Trusheva, B., Bankova, V., Giamberini, M., Peev, G., Nikolova, A., Extraction of biologically active compounds from propolis and concentration of extract by nanofiltration (2010) Journal of Membrane Science, 348, pp. 124-130Van der Bruggen, B., Mänttäri, M., Nyström, M., Drawbacks of applying nanofiltration and how to avoid them: a review (2008) Separation and Purification Technology, 63, pp. 251-263Wijmans, J.G., Baker, R.W., The solution-diffusion model: a review (1995) Journal of Membrane Science, 107, pp. 1-21Wong, P.C.Y., Kwon, Y.N., Criddle, C.S., Use of atomic force microscopy and fractal geometry to characterize the roughness of nano-, micro-, and ultrafiltration membranes (2009) Journal of Membrane Science, 340, pp. 117-132Xu, L., Wang, S., Zeng, X., The maltitol purification and concentration by nanofiltration (2005) Desalination, 184, pp. 295-303Zhang, Z., Yang, R., Zhang, S., Zhao, H., Hua, X., Purification of lactulose syrup by using nanofiltration in a diafiltration mode (2011) Journal of Food Engineering, 105, pp. 112-118Zhao, H., Hua, X., Yang, R., Zhao, L., Zhao, W., Zhang, Z., Diafiltration process on xylo-oligosaccharides syrup using nanofiltration and its modelling (2012) International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 47, pp. 32-3

An Alternative Process For Butanol Production: Continuous Flash Fermentation

The objective of this work is to introduce and demonstrate the technical feasibility of the continuous flash fermentation for the production of butanol. The evaluation was carried out through mathematical modeling and computer simulation which is a good approach in such a process development stage. The process consists of three interconnected units, as follows: the fermentor, the cell retention system (tangential microfiltration) and the vacuum flash vessel (responsible for the continuous recovery of butanol from the broth). The efficiency of this process was experimentally validated for the ethanol fermentation, whose main results are also shown. With the proposed design the concentration of butanol in the fermentor was lowered from 11.3 to 7.8 g/l, which represented a significant reduction in the inhibitory effect. As a result, the final concentration of butanol was 28.2 g/l for a broth with 140 g/l of glucose. Solvents productivity and yield were, respectively, 11.7 g/l.h and 33.5 % for a sugar conversion of 95.6 %. Positive aspects about the flash fermentation process are the solvents productivity, the use of concentrated sugar solution and the final butanol concentration. The last two features can be responsible for a meaningful reduction in the distillation costs and result in environmental benefits due to lower quantities of wastewater generated by the process. © 2008 Berkeley Electronic Press. All rights reserved.31Andrietta, S.R., Maugeri, F.F., Optimum design of a continuous fermentation unit of an industrial plant for alcohol production (1994) Advances in Bioprocess Engineering, pp. 47-52. , In: Galindo E & Ramirez O T, editors Netherlands: Kluwer AcademicAtala, D.I.P., Montagem instrumentação controle e desenvolvimento experimental de um processo de fermentação alcoólica extrativo (2004) Campinas-SP, , ( PhD thesis) School of Food Engineering State University of Campinas (UNICAMPCosta, A.C., Dechechi, E.C., Silva, F.L.H., Maugeri, F., MacIel Filho, R., Simulation dynamics and control of an extractive alcoholic fermentation (2000) Appl. Biochem. Biotech., 84 (6), pp. 577-593Costa, A.C., Atala, D.I.P., Maugeri, F., MacIel Filho, R., Factorial design and simulation for the optimization and determination of control structures for an extractive alcoholic fermentation (2001) Proc. 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