A remarkable new Anomiopus Westwood from Peru (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Described and illustrated is a strikingly distinct new species of the scarabaeine genus Anomiopus Westwood, A. pishtaco (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), from the Amazonian lowlands of eastern Peru

The genus Gromphas Brullé, 1837 in Peru (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini)

The genus Gromphas Brullé (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) comprises four species, of which G. aeruginosa (Perty) and G. amazonica Bates are known to occur in Peru. This paper presents a revised description of Gromphas as well as illustrated diagnoses and distributional and ecological data on the Peruvian species

Hamstring autograft size importance in anterior cruciate ligament repair surgery

Graft size in hamstring autograft anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery is an important factor directly related to failure. Most of the evidence in the field suggests that the size of the graft in hamstring autograft ACL reconstruction matters when the surgeon is trying to avoid failures.The exact graft diameter needed to avoid failures is not absolutely clear and could depend on other factors, but newer studies suggest than even increases of 0.5 mm up to a graft size of 10 mm are beneficial for the patient. There is still no evidence to recommend the use of grafts > 10 mm.Several methods - e.g. folding the graft in more strands that are simple and reproducible have been published lately to address the problem of having an insufficient graft size when performing an ACL reconstruction. Due to the evidence presented, we think it is necessary for the surgeon to have them in his or her arsenal before performing an ACL reconstruction.There are obviously other factors that should be considered, especially age. Therefore, a larger graft size should not be taken as the only goal in ACL reconstruction.No benefits in any form have been received or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article

On The Removal of Agricultural Price Bands in Chile: A General Equilibrium Analysis

Chile has supported its agriculture with the use of price bands on selected commodities namely wheat, vegetable oils and fats, and sugar. In this paper we consider agricultural reform and how urban unemployment, and rural-urban migration, may alter the expected welfare effects of agricultural reform. We utilize a new CGE model of the Chilean economy based on the Harris-Todaro ramework, incorporating imperfect labor mobility, and consider both price band removal and more extensive agricultural reform that eliminates all tariffs on agricultural and food commodities in Chile. Results show that if trade reforms damage the rural economy in Chile, potential gains in welfare from lower agricultural prices are offset by increased urban unemployment and lower rural wages resulting in net welfare loss from trade reform.

Diagnóstico para el diseño de un programa de ética para mejorar el nivel de comprensión del sentido de la vida en los estudiantes universitarios

En la actualidad el incremento del número de suicidios, aumento de los divorcios, proliferación de enfermedades psíquicas, el recurso indiscriminado al sexo, etc.; han hecho que las personas se vean inmersos en lo que llamaría Víctor Frankl, un “vacío existencial”. Por ello la presente investigación tiene como objeto de estudio, proponer un programa de ética fundamentado en el personalismo de Carlos Cardona, para mejorar el nivel de comprensión del sentido de la vida en los estudiantes del VI ciclo de la escuela de Psicología, los objetivos a lograr son: determinar el nivel de comprensión del sentido de la vida, identificar la problemática en torno al nivel de comprensión del sentido de la vida, identificar los fundamentos de la ética personalista de Cardona, seleccionar contenidos, elaborar actividades de aprendizaje basados en la ética personalista de Cardona. Este trabajo se encuentra sustentado por Cardona, Santo Tomás DE Aquino y Víctor Frankl. Por el alcance que tiene la investigación se ha definido como descriptiva, ya que una de las funciones principales de esta es la de “la capacidad para seleccionar las características fundamentales del objeto de estudio y su descripción detallada” Bernal (2006, p.112). El instrumento utilizado es un test elaborado por el investigador y su asesora, recolectando datos y obteniendo como resultados: algunos estudiantes carecen de proyecto de vida, consideran innecesaria una realidad superior, piensan que el futuro no ofrece bien alguno; buscan una existencia sin esfuerzos; piensan que el dinero se utiliza para demostrar dominio ante los demás, quieren una libertad ilimitada, etc

Phylogeography of Acartia tonsa Dana, 1849 (Calanoida: Copepoda) and phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus Acartia Dana, 1846

The calanoid copepod, Acartia tonsa Dana, 1849 is one of the most abundant and well-studied estuarian species with a worldwide distribution. In this research, we use the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene to study the phylogeography of A. tonsa by analyzing sequences from specimens collected in the western Gulf of Mexico (GOM) along with all sequences from previous research. We reconstruct the phylogeny for the genus Acartia Dana, 1846 and highlight numerous potential misidentifications of Acartia species deposited in GenBank. The incorrect taxonomy assigned to some of these sequences results in apparently paraphyletic relationships. This study demonstrates that A. tonsa is a species complex with multiple, deeply diverging, lineages of varying geographic affinities. Multiple new lineages are found in the Texas GOM that is basal to northwestern Atlantic lineages with phylogenetic connectivity also observed between Brazil and the Texas GOM. Results show two major phylogeographic breaks in the North American continent, one at the border between the Gulf of Mexico and the Northwest Atlantic, and the other at about 35° N. One of the major clades in the A. tonsa species complex shows a clear pattern of divergence that follows the prevailing currents. Within this clade, older lineages are found in the western GOM while newer lineages are found in the eastern GOM and the southern coast of the northwest Atlantic, with the youngest lineages diversifying in the north. The results show that A. tonsa can be used as a model species for observing phylogeographical structuring of coastal plankton along the American continent

The complete mitochondrial genome of Tanacetipathes thamnea Warner, 1981 (Antipatharia: Myriopathidae)

Specimens of the black coral Tanacetipathes thamnea were collected from the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico. The complete mitochondrial genome of one of these specimens was obtained from genomic DNA by next-generation sequencing technology on the Illumina HiSeq 2500. Only three species of black corals have a completely sequenced mitochondrial genome. These were used to reconstruct the phylogeny for the order Antipatharia. The mitochondrial genome of T. thamnea is 17,712 base pairs and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and 2 transfer RNAs in the following order: 16s RNA, COX3, COX1 (with intron), ND4L, COX2, ND4, ND6, ATP8, ATP6, and ND5 (with intron and copies of ND1 and ND3), tRNA-Trp, ND2, 12s RNA, CYTB, tRNA-Met. The gene arrangement is the same as that for Myriopathes japonica with a nearly identical sequence (99.35% identical). These results show that the mitochondrial genome within the family Myriopathidae is highly conserved

Mitogenomic phylogenetic analyses of Leptogorgia virgulata and Leptogorgia hebes (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Gulf of Mexico provides insight on Gorgoniidae divergence between Pacific and Atlantic lineages

The use of genetics in recent years has brought to light the need to reevaluate the classification of many gorgonian octocorals. This study focuses on two Leptogorgia species—Leptogorgia virgulata and Leptogorgia hebes—from the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (GOM). We target complete mitochondrial genomes and mtMutS sequences, and integrate this data with previous genetic research of gorgonian corals to resolve phylogenetic relationships and estimate divergence times. This study contributes the first complete mitochondrial genomes for L. ptogorgia virgulata and L. hebes. Our resulting phylogenies stress the need to redefine the taxonomy of the genus Leptogorgia in its entirety. The fossil-calibrated divergence times for Eastern Pacific and Western Atlantic Leptogorgia species based on complete mitochondrial genomes shows that the use of multiple genes results in estimates of more recent speciation events than previous research based on single genes. These more recent divergence times are in agreement with geologic data pertaining to the formation of the Isthmus of Panama

Un MOOC para agricultores: herramientas agroclimáticas para protección de cultivos

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are a key strategy for digital education. The MOOCs contribute significantly to people’s knowledge about a wide range of topics. Nowadays, several web platforms as Coursera and edX offer MOOCs in different domains, however the platforms mentioned do not offer MOOCs focused on crop management through monitoring of climate elements and factors. In this paper, we present an overview of the MOOC titled: “agroclimatic tools for crop protection” for agricultural-sector Spanish speakers. We show a first MOOC evaluation based on a survey applied to 13 people of rural areas located in Cauca (Colombia) for one video of the “Temperature” MOOC unit. The results indicated that 100 % of the respondents understood clearly the video content and 53, 84 % of the surveyed learners understood all the words used in the video.Los MOOC (massive online open courses, en español “curso en línea masivo y abierto”) son una estrategia clave para la educación digital. Estos cursos contribuyen significativamente a los conocimientos que las personas pueden obtener sobre una gran cantidad de temas. Actualmente, distintas plataformas como Coursera y edX ofrecen MOOC en diferentes áreas, sin embargo, ninguna de las mencionadas ofrece cursos en manejo de cultivos a través del monitoreo de elementos y factores climáticos. En este artículo se presenta una visión general del curso “Herramientas agroclimáticas para la protección de cultivos”, dirigido al sector agrícola de habla hispana. Mostramos una primera evaluación del MOOC basada en una encuesta aplicada a 13 personas habitantes de áreas rurales del Cauca (Colombia) sobre un video de la unidad “Temperatura” del MOOC. Los resultados indicaron que el 100 % de los participantes entendieron claramente el contenido del video y el 54, 84 % de los encuestados entendieron la totalidad de las palabras usadas en el video.&nbsp