Described and illustrated is a strikingly distinct new species of the scarabaeine genus Anomiopus Westwood, A. pishtaco (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), from the Amazonian lowlands of eastern Peru

Edmonds, William David

Figueroa, Luis

English

Edmonds, W. D., Figueroa, Luis (2013): A Remarkable New Anomiopus Westwood from Peru (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Insecta Mundi 2013 (313): 1-4, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.517656

Edmonds, W. D.

NEUROSURGERY ENTHUSIASTIC WOMEN SOCIETY

A Remarkable New Anomiopus Westwood from Peru (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Edmonds, W. D., Figueroa, Luis (2013): A Remarkable New Anomiopus Westwood from Peru (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Insecta Mundi 2013 (313): 1-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.517656

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CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FLA Remarkable New Anomiopus Westwood from Peru(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)W. D. EdmondsP.O. Box 426Marfa, Texas 79843, USALuis FigueroaDepartamento de EntomologíaMuseo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosApartado Postal  14-0434Lima, PeruDate of Issue: June 28, 20130313INSECTAMUNDI A Journal of World Insect SystematicsW. D. Edmonds and Luis FigueroaA Remarkable New Anomiopus Westwood from Peru (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae:Scarabaeinae)Insecta Mundi 0313: 1-4ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:845665BE-16F9-4391-A361-FA74183A1ED0Published in 2013 byCenter for Systematic Entomology, Inc.P. O. Box 141874Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USAhttp://www.centerforsystematicentomology.org/Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy,  nomenclature, checklists,faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e. medicalentomology, pest control research, etc.), and no longer publishes book reviews or editorials. Insecta Mundi pub-lishes original research or discoveries in an inexpensive and timely manner, distributing them free via open accesson the internet on the date of publication.Insecta Mundi is referenced or abstracted by several sources including the Zoological Record, CAB Abstracts,etc. Insecta Mundi is published irregularly throughout the year, with completed manuscripts assigned an indi-vidual number. Manuscripts must be peer reviewed prior to submission, after which they are reviewed by theeditorial board to ensure quality. One author of each submitted manuscript must be a current member of the Centerfor Systematic Entomology. 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Archived digitally by Portico.Florida Virtual Campus: http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/insectamundiUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln, Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main: http://edocs.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/volltexte/2010/14363/Author instructions available on the Insecta Mundi page at:http://www.centerforsystematicentomology.org/insectamundi/Copyright held by the author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons,Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduc-tion in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/10313: 1-4 2013A Remarkable New Anomiopus Westwood from Peru (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)W. D. EdmondsP.O. Box 426Marfa, Texas 79843, USAwdedmonds@sbcglobal.netLuis FigueroaDepartamento de EntomologíaMuseo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosApartado Postal  14-0434Lima, Peruluis_thecell@hotmail.comAbstract. Described and illustrated is a strikingly distinct new species of the scarabaeine genus Anomiopus Westwood,A. pishtaco (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), from the Amazonian lowlands of eastern Peru.IntroductionThe purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss a remarkable new species of the scarabaeinedung-beetle genus Anomiopus Westwood (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) from the Ucayali region of easternPeru. It is a contribution to an ongoing study of the Peruvian scarabaeine dung-beetle fauna based at theMuseo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Mayor de San Marcos in Lima. Anomiopus (once referredto as Onthocharis Westwood) comprises approximately 60 species of small, often elongate and somewhatflattened, dichotomiine dung beetles that can superficially resemble certain species of DendropaemonPerty. The Peruvian fauna includes about one dozen described species, but recent fieldwork suggests thatthere are more. The genus is exclusively Neotropical and collected from a wide variety of habitats,including humid lowland forest, cloud forest, cerrado and grassland from zero to 1200 m elevation(Canhedo 2006). The biology is essentially unknown. Most specimens with precise collecting data wereattracted to light traps of various types. Other collecting methods include flight-intercept traps, dung-baited pitfall traps, sweep nets, and direct capture near newly excavated nests of Acromyrmex Mayr(Hymenoptera; Formicidae). The general consensus is that at least some species are myrmecophilous.The taxonomy of Anomiopus is the subject of a series of recent papers by the late Virgínia Luzia Canhedo(Canhedo 2004a, 2004b, 2006).Anomiopus pishtaco, new species(Fig. 1-8)Type Series. Holotype (sex unknown) - Peru: Región Ucayali, Prov. Coronel Portillo, Callería (8o18’43"S 73o40’57" W) 224 m, March 2012, M. Vilchez col. Paratype (sex unknown) - Peru: Región Ucayali, Prov.Coronel Portillo (8o26’09" S 73o42’35" W)  227 m, 15-17 October 2012, B. Medina col. The paratype is inthree pieces (head, prothorax and pterothorax + abdomen), each pointed and labeled on a separate pin.Both holotype and paratype are deposited in the collection of the Departamento de Entomología, Museode Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Lima, Peru).Description. Holotype (sex unknown): Color - Head and pronotum dark shining reddish brown,elytra dark shining brown. Head: Clypeus (Fig. 2) grossly excised medially for nearly entire length,emargination broadly rounded posteriorly, angulate on each side and extended anteriorly as blunt, wedge-shaped clypeal teeth; posterior edge of emargination separated by fine suture from ventrally directed,triangular sclerite (Fig. 3, arrow) here interpreted as labrum (see Comments below). Frontoclypealsutures (Fig. 2, arrow) strongly arched anteriorly, together forming a semicircle; surface of head poste-2 • INSECTA MUNDI 0313, June 2013 EDMONDS AND FIGUEROAFigures 1–8. Anomiopus pishtaco new species, holotype. 1) Habitus, dorsal view. 2) Head, dorsal view. 3) Head,partial dorsal view (arrow indicates labrum). 4) Prothorax, ventrolateral view (upper arrow indicates transversepropleural carina; lower arrow indicates pleurosternal carina). 5) Abdomen, caudal view. 6) Left proleg, anteriorview. 7) Same, posterior view. 8) Pterothorax and abdomen, ventral view. Figure 9. Anomiopus smaragdinus(Westwood), dorsal view of head.INSECTA MUNDI 0313, June 2013 • 3 A NEW ANOMIOPSIS FROM PERUrior to (and including) emargination strongly concave. Clypeus lacking distinct puncturing; parietals(genae) roughened by coarse punctures; frons smooth with moderate puncturing, punctures separated byat least two puncture diameters. Frons completely margined posteriorly by fine carina. Prothorax:Pronotum evenly, broadly convex, completely punctate, punctures separated by at least two puncturediameters, becoming larger and more clearly umbilicate on disk. Circumnotal ridge effaced along poste-rior margin, otherwise sharp and distinct. Anterolateral angles acute (Fig. 1). Transverse propleuralcarina (Fig. 4, upper arrow) present and complete, extending from middle of coxal margin to near lateralmargin where it bends abruptly and extends anteriorly to merge into circumnotal ridge; pleural surfaceposterior to transverse carina smooth, anterior to carina finely transversely striate. Pterothorax: Upperportion of metasternum, mesepimeron, metasternum and adjacent surfaces of meso- and metacoxae veryfinely reticulate. Elytra: Striae obscure, indicated by narrow grooves separated by convex interstriae;seventh stria evident only medially, basal and apical thirds effaced. Legs: Protibia (Fig. 6–7) tridentate;teeth collectively occupying less than one-half length, narrow, acute, separated by small denticles thatcontinue along lateral margin from third tooth to base; protarsus inserted subapically on posterior(ventral) surface, longer than one-half of tibia along inner margin, claws small, only slightly curved.Profemur globose, strong carina marking both upper and lower margins. Protibial spur acute, almoststraight. Meso- and metatibiae (Fig. 8) scarcely widened  apically; tarsomeres elongate, scarcely widenedapically; claws small, almost straight. Pygidium: Very large (Fig. 5), strongly convex, its greatest widthamounts to about three-fourths of combined elytral apices; dorsal margin strongly margined and angulatemedially, received by upwardly curved apical elytral margins. Body length (including head): ~ 4 mm.(Paratype does not differ from holotype in any significant detail.)Etymology. The species name pishtaco (from Quechua “pistay”; masculine noun in apposition) refers toan Andean mythological bogeyman said to terrorize indigenous communities often brandishing a dagger,here a metaphor for the formidable clypeal teeth of the new species.Comments. This new species will key to Anomiopus with little difficulty in Vaz-de-Mello et al. (2011). Inher revision of the genus, Canhedo (2006) recognized the virescens, the smaragdinus and the cuprariusspecies groups. Anomiopus pishtaco is assignable to the latter group on the basis of two characters: lackof a subapical tubercle on the lateral margin of the metatibia; and the presence of a complete transversepropleural carina (Fig. 4, upper arrow). It is immediately distinguished from other known species ofAnomiopus by the grotesque shape of the head (Fig. 1–2). The clypeal shape of its congeners, whilevariable, is always similar to that depicted in Figure 9. Both holotype and paratype were collected inhuman-feces-baited pitfall traps in evergreen forest about 95 km east of Pucallpa; the collecting sites areseparated by about 15 km.The following emendation of Canhedo’s (2006) key to species groups will separate A. pishtaco fromits known congeners:1. Lateral margin of metatibia simple, not interrupted by teeth or carina .....................................  2— Metatibia with one or more transverse teeth on lateral margin..................................................................................................................................  virescens group (see Canhedo 2004b, 2006)2. Transverse propleural carina complete, reaching lateral margin and turning anteriorly to borderepisternum). Apices of metatarsomeres 1–4 transversally truncated.......   (cuprarius group) 3— Transverse propleural carina semicomplete (reaching lateral margin but not turning anteriorlyto border episternum) or incomplete (not reaching lateral margin). At least basal (often all)metatarsomere emarginate or obliquely truncate apically ................................................................................................................................   smaragdinus group (see Canhedo 2004b,  2006)3. Clypeus deeply excised medially and medial teeth prolonged anteriorly as a pair of knife-likeprocesses (Fig. 1); labrum exposed as triangular sclerite at base of clypeal emargination (Fig.3, arrow)............................................................................   Anomiopus pishtaco, new species— Clypeal emargination small, medial teeth not prolonged; labrum not exposed .............................................................................. cuprarius group (remaining species, see Canhedo 2006: 359)4 • INSECTA MUNDI 0313, June 2013 EDMONDS AND FIGUEROAThe extreme emargination of the clypeus, which reaches the labro-clypeal suture, has had the conse-quence of exposing the upper surface of the labrum, which in dung beetles is usually tilted upwardbeneath and against the lower surface of the clypeus. What we here interpret as the labrum appears inFigure 3 (arrow) as an obtusely angulate sclerite separated from the clypeus by a faint suture. A similarmodification occurs in the Afrotropical deltochiline genus Dicranocara Frolov and Scholtz. Dicranocaraspecies (Frolov and Scholtz 2003, and Deschodt and Scholtz, 2007) inhabit the Namib Desert, where theyutilize rock hyrax middens as refugial habitats. They possess a similarly deeply emarginate clypeus andexposed labrum, along with specializations of the other mouthparts interpreted as adaptations for ma-nipulating hard food.So as not to risk extensive damage to either type specimen, we have elected not to attempt dissectionof genitalia to determine their sex or to examine details of mouthpart structure. Canhedo’s (2006) indica-tors of sexual dimorphism are generally imprecise and not definitive for the specimens of A. pishtaco atour disposal.AcknowledgmentsWe extend our sincere appreciation to Malena Vilchez and Brenda Medina, who collected the speci-mens described here; to Darren Mann, who brought to our attention the case of Dicranocara and re-viewed a preliminary version of the manuscript; to Jiri Zidek for his review of the manuscript; to DomusConsultoría Ambiental SAC and Pacific Stratus Energy SA, who provided  logistical support for fieldwork; and to the Dirección General Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre, which issued our scientific collectionpermit RD No 008-2013-AG-DGFFS-DGEFFS.Literature CitedCanhedo, V . L. 2004a. Novas espécies do gênero Anomiopus, grupo smaragdinus (Coleoptera,Scarabaeidae). Iheringia, Série Zoologia 94: 187–204.Canhedo, V . L. 2004b. Anomiopus Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): Novas espécies do grupovirescens (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 48: 449–458.Canhedo, V . L. 2006. Revisão taxonômico do gênero Anomiopus Westwood, 1842 (Coleoptera,Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Archivos de Zoologia 37: 349–502.Deschodt, C. M., U. Kryger and C. H. Scholtz. 2007. New taxa of relictual Canthonini dung beetles(Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) utilizing rock hyrax middens as refuges in South-western Africa. In-sect Systematics and Evolution 38: 361–376.Frolov, A. V . and C. H. Scholtz. 2003. A new genus and species of dung beetle from southern Namibia(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). African Entomology 11: 297–299.Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z., W. D. Edmonds, F. C. Ocampo, and P . Schoolmeesters. 2011. A multilingualkey to the genera and subgenera of the subfamily Scarabaeinae of the New World (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae). Zootaxa 2854: 1–73.Received May 26, 2013; Accepted May 28, 2013.

A remarkable new Anomiopus Westwood from Peru (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

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