Comparação entre o uso de bocal e máscara facial na avaliação de volumes pulmonares e capacidade vital em indivíduos saudáveis

Respiratory function tests are used to determinate severity, functional consequences and progress of pulmonary and neuromotor dysfunctions. Methodological variations - by means of a mouthpiece or a facemask - and patient's cooperation may interfere in manoeuvre performance and affect measures. The aim of this study was to compare lung volume values (tidal volume [VT] and minute volume [Vm]), respiratory rate (RR), and vital capacity (VC) in healthy individuals when assessed by using a mouthpiece and a facemask. A total of 60 healthy subjects (14 men and 46 women), mean aged 22.86±7.14 years, were evaluated. Items used were a disposable, semi-rigid mouthpiece, with a nose clip, and a plastic facemask with pneumatic inflatable sealing. Measures obtained were statistically compared, with significance level set at 5%. Mean values obtained with the mouthpiece and the facemask were, respectively: RR, 15 rpm x 13 rpm (pTestes de função pulmonar são usados para determinar a gravidade, as conseqüências funcionais e o progresso de disfunções pulmonares e neuromusculares. As variações metodológicas com o bocal e a máscara facial e a cooperação do paciente podem interferir no desempenho das manobras e afetar as medidas. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os valores de volumes pulmonares (volume corrente [Vc], volume-minuto [Vm]), freqüência respiratória (FR) e capacidade vital (CV) em indivíduos saudáveis quando avaliados por meio do bocal e da máscara facial. Participaram do estudo 60 voluntários saudáveis, 14 homens e 46 mulheres, com média de idade de 22,9±7,1 anos. Para a avaliação com bocal, utilizou-se uma peça semirrígida descartável e clipe nasal; a máscara usada foi facial plástica com borda pneumática inflável. As medidas obtidas foram comparadas estatisticamente (nível de significância 5%). Os valores obtidos com o bocal e com a máscara facial foram, respectivamente: FR, 15 rpm x 13 rpm (

CPAP de 10 cmH2O durante a circulação extracorpórea não melhora a troca gasosa pós-operatória

OBJECTIVE: To compare postoperative (PO) pulmonary gas exchange indexes in patients submitted to myocardial revascularization (MR) with or without the application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: Thirty adult patients submitted to MR with CPB between March and September 2005 were randomly allocated to two groups: CPAP (n=15), patients that received CPAP at 10 cmH2O during CPB, and control (n=15), patients that didn't receive CPAP. PaO²/FiO2 and P(A-a)O2 were analyzed at four moments: Pre (just before CPB, with FiO2=1.0 ); Post (30min post-CPB, with FiO2=1.0); immediate PO period (12h post-surgery, with FiO2=0.4 by using a Venturi® facial mask) and first PO day (24h post-surgery, with FiO2=0.5 by a facial mask). RESULTS: PaO2/FiO2 and P(A-a)O2 tend to get significantly worst as time elapsed during the postoperative period in both groups, but no differences were observed between them at any moment. When PaO2/FiO2 was subdivided into three categories, a greater prevalence of patients with values between 200 mmHg and 300mmHg were observed in CPAP group only at moment Post (30min post-CPB; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: CPAP at 10cmH2O administered during CPB, although had lightly improved PaO2/FiO2 at 30 minutes post-CPB, had no significant sustained effect on postoperative pulmonary gas exchange. We concluded that in patients submitted to MR, application of 10 cmH2O CPAP does not improve postoperative pulmonary gas exchange.OBJETIVO: Comparar os índices de trocas gasosas no pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos a revascularização do miocárdio (RM) que receberam ou não pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas (CPAP) durante a circulação extracorpórea (CEC). MÉTODOS: Trinta pacientes adultos submetidos a RM com CEC no período de março a setembro de 2005 foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: CPAP (n=15), pacientes que utilizaram CPAP a 10 cmH2O durante a CEC, e controle (n=15), pacientes que não utilizaram CPAP. Foram analisados a PaO2/FiO2 e o P(A-a)O2 em quatro momentos: Pré (logo antes da CEC, com FiO2 = 1,0); Pós (30min pós-CEC, com FiO2 = 1,0); PO imediato (12h após a cirurgia, com FiO2 = 0,4, utilizando máscara facial) e 1º PO (24 horas após a cirurgia, com FiO2 = 0,5, utilizando máscara facial). RESULTADOS: A PaO2/FiO2 e o P(A-a)O2 mostraram piora significativa no decorrer do tempo dentro de cada grupo, porém sem diferenças significativas entre os grupos em nenhum momento. Quando a PaO2/FiO2 foi subdividida em três categorias, foi observada maior prevalência de pacientes do grupo CPAP com valores entre 200 mmHg e 300 mmHg (p=0,02) apenas no momento Pós (30min pós-CEC). CONCLUSÃO: O uso de CPAP de 10 cmH2O durante a CEC, muito embora tenha resultado em melhores valores na PaO2/FiO2 30 minutos pós-CEC, não resultou em benefícios duradouros nas trocas gasosas durante o PO. Nós concluímos que, em pacientes submetidos a RM, a aplicação de CPAP 10 cmH2O não melhora significativamente as trocas gasosas pulmonares no pós-operatório.20921

Impact of Alveolar Recruitment Maneuver in the Postoperative Period of Videolaparoscopic Bariatric Surgery

SummaryBackground and objectivesPulmonary complications in bariatric surgery are common and, therefore, alveolar recruitment maneuvers (ARM) have been used to prevent or reduce them in the postoperative period (POP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ARM performed intraoperatively in patients undergoing bariatric surgery by videolaparoscopy in the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications.MethodsRandomized clinical trial with 30 patients divided into control group (CG) and experimental group (EG), with analysis of spirometric, ventilatory, hemodynamic, and radiographic variables. ARM was performed in EG with positive end expiratory pressure of 30cmH2O and inspiratory plateau pressure of 45cmH2O for 2 minutes after pneumoperitoneum deflation.ResultsWe observed a significant decrease in spirometric values (p ≤ 0.001) and higher incidence of pulmonary complications on chest radiograph (p=0.02) in CG, as well as significant improvement in dyspnoea Borg scale (p ≤ 0.001) in EG.ConclusionsWe conclude that ARM is a safe and effective technique when used for prevention of pulmonary complications in patients undergoing bariatric surgery, resulting in more favorable radiological and spirometric findings in the experimental group compared to the control group in the PO

Lung Injury And Mechanical Ventilation In Cardiac Surgery: A Review.

Respiratory failure after cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery can result from many pre-, intra- or postoperative respiratory system-related factors. This review was aimed to discuss some factors related to acute lung injury observed during the postoperative period of cardiac surgery and the mechanical ventilation modalities which should be considered to prevent hypoxemia.22375-38

Effects of continous positive airway pressure applied during cardiopulmonary bypass on pos-operative pulmonary gas exchange in coronary artery bypass grafting

Orientador: Sebastião AraujoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias MedicasResumoObjetivo: Comparar os índices de trocas gasosas no pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio (RM) que receberam ou não pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas (CPAP) durante a circulação extracorpórea (CEC). Método: Trinta pacientes adultos submetidos à RM com CEC no período de março a setembro de 2005 foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: CPAP (n=15), pacientes que utilizaram CPAP a 10 cmH2O durante a CEC, e controle (n=15), pacientes que não utilizaram CPAP. Foram analisados a PaO2/FiO2 e o P(A-a)O2 em quatro momentos: Pré (logo antes da CEC, com FiO2 = 1,0); Pós (30min pós-CEC, com FiO2 = 1,0); PO imediato (12h após a cirurgia, com FiO2 = 0,4 utilizando máscara facial) e 1º PO (24 horas após a cirurgia, com FiO2 = 0,5 utilizando máscara facial). Resultados: A PaO2/FiO2 e o P(A-a)O2 mostraram uma piora significativa no decorrer do tempo dentro de cada grupo, porém sem diferenças significativas entre os grupos em nenhum momento. Quando a PaO2/FiO2 foi subdividida em três categorias, foi observada uma maior prevalência de pacientes do grupo CPAP com valores acima de 200mmHg (p=0,02) apenas no momento Pós (30min pós-CEC). Conclusão: O uso de CPAP de 10cmH2O durante a CEC, muito embora tenha resultado em melhores valores na PaO2/FiO2 30 minutos pós-CEC, não resultou em benefícios duradouros nas trocas gasosas durante o PO. Concluiu-se que, em pacientes submetidos à RM, a aplicação de CPAP 10cmH2O não melhora significativamente as trocas gasosas pulmonares no pós-operatório.Abstract: Objective: To compare postoperative (PO) pulmonary gas exchange indexes in patients submitted to myocardial revascularization (MR) with or without the application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: Thirty adult patients submitted to MR with CPB between March and September 2005 were randomly allocated to two groups: CPAP (n=15), patients that received CPAP at 10 cmH2O during CPB, and control (n=15), patients that didn't receive CPAP. PaO2/FiO2 and P(A-a)O2 were analyzed at four moments: Pre (just before CPB, with FiO2 = 1.0 ); Post (30min post-CPB, with FiO2 = 1.0); immediate PO period (12h post-surgery, with FiO2 = 0.4 by a facial mask) and first PO day (24h post-surgery, with FiO2 = 0.5 by a facial mask). Results: PaO2/FiO2 and P(A-a)O2 tend to get significantly worst as time elapsed during the postoperative period in both groups, but no differences were observed between them at any moment. When PaO2/FiO2 was subdivided into three categories, a greater prevalence of patients with values greater than 200 mmHg were observed in CPAP group only at moment Post (30min post-CPB; p = 0.02). Conclusion: CPAP at 10 cmH2O administered during CPB, although had lightly improved PaO2/FiO2 at 30 minutes post-CPB, had no significant sustained effect on postoperative pulmonary gas exchange. It was concluded that in patients submitted to MR, application of 10 cmH2O CPAP does not improve postoperative pulmonary gas exchange.DoutoradoPesquisa ExperimentalDoutor em Cirurgi