16 research outputs found

    In vitro embryo production in small ruminants

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    This paper reviews the technical bases of in vitro embryo production in small ruminants with special attention to the results obtained by our group in Northeastern Brazil. The laparoscopic oocyte recovery in hormonally treated live animals indicates a promising future for the application of this technique to genetic improvement program. New molecular biology tools should provide information to improve the efficiency of in vitro maturation. Furthers efforts have to be made to improve the oocyte maturation and to standardize the semen-capacitating process

    Production of recombinant proteins in milk of transgenic and non-transgenic goats

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    Among all the transgenic mammalians produced so far, goats have represented an excellent model of transgenesis when considering the factors such as the market demand for protein, volume of milk produced per lactation and reproductive rate. Various recombinant proteins have been obtained from the transgenic and non-transgenic goats, and among these, human antithrombin, produced by the transgenic goats, was the first recombinant protein of animal origin to be released as a drug for the clinical use in humans. This review reports the aspects inherent to the production of recombinant proteins in the goats, from the production of the animal bioreactors up to the expression of these proteins in their milk

    In vitro production of small ruminant embryos: Late improvements and further research

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    Beyond the potential use of in vitro production of embryos (IVP) in breeding schemes, embryos are also required for the establishment of new biotechnologies such as cloning and transgenesis. Additionally, the knowledge of oocyte and embryo physiology acquired through IVP techniques may stimulate the further development of other techniques such as marker assisted and genomic selection of preimplantation embryos, and also benefit assisted procreation in human beings. Efficient in vitro embryo production is currently a major objective for livestock industries, including small ruminants. The heterogeneity of oocytes collected from growing follicles by laparoscopic ovum pick up or in ovaries of slaughtered females, remains an enormous challenge for IVM success, and still limits the rate of embryo development. In addition, the lower quality of the IVP embryos, compared with their in vivo-derived counterparts, translates into poor cryosurvival, which restricts the wider use of this promising technology. Therefore, many studies have been reported in an attempt to determine the most suitable conditions for IVM, IVF, and in vitro development to maximize embryo production rate and quality. This review aims to present the current panorama of IVP production in small ruminants, describing important steps for its success, reporting the recent advances and also the main obstacles identified for its improvement and dissemination

    PARÂMETROS SEMINAIS DE CAPRINOS TRANSGÊNICOS E NÃO TRANSGÊNICOS PARA O FATOR ESTIMULANTE DE COLÔNIA DE GRANULÓCITOS HUMANO

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    The goat species has become an excellent animal model aiming at the production of recombinant proteins in milk. Obtaining transgenic founder males is important, as they make it possible to increase the number of transgenic offspring by simply using artificial insemination. The objective of this work was to compare the seminal parameters of male transgenic (TG) and non-transgenic (NTG) goats for the human Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (hG-CSF). For this purpose, weekly semen samples were collected from all animals through an artificial vagina. The following parameters were evaluated: volume, mass motility, sperm concentration, progressive individual motility (MIP), vigor and sperm pathologies. Statistical differences were observed only for volume and MIP, which had higher values ​​(p<0.05) in TG animals. It was also observed, in both groups, a small percentage of spermatic pathologies (<2%), with no statistical difference (p>0.05). In conclusion, the presence of the transgene did not affect semen quality, favoring and contributing to the formation of a transgenic herd.A espécie caprina tornou-se um excelente modelo animal objetivando a produção de proteínas recombinantes no leite. A obtenção de machos fundadores transgênicos é importante, pois os mesmos permitem aumentar o número de crias transgênicas pelo simples uso da inseminação artificial. Este trabalho teve por objetivo, comparar a parâmetros seminais de machos caprinos transgênicos (TG) e não transgênicos (NTG) para o Fator Estimulante de Colônia de Granulocítos humano (hG-CSF). Para tanto, semanalmente, foram colhidas amostras de sêmen de todos os animais através de vagina artificial. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: volume, motilidade massal, concentração espermática, motilidade individual progressiva (MIP), vigor e patologias espermáticas. Foram observadas diferenças estatísticas somente para volume e MIP, os quais tiveram valores superiores (p<0,05) nos animais TG. Observou-se também, em ambos os grupos, um pequeno percentual de patologias espermáticas (<2%), sem diferença estatística (p>0,05). Em conclusão, a presença do transgene não afetou a qualidade do sêmen favorecendo e contribuindo para formação de um rebanho transgênico

    Combination of oviduct fluid and heparin to improve monospermic zygotes production during porcine in vitro fertilization

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    In vivo, the oviduct provides appropriate microenvironment conditions for monospermic fertilization and early embryo development. In addition, glycosaminoglycans such as heparin are present in the oviduct and have been shown to modulate the activity of oviduct-secreted proteins on the regulation of sperms parameters. Thus, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of porcine oocytes exposure to oviduct fluid (OF) before in vitro fertilization (IVF; incubation of oocytes in OF for 30 minutes before IVF), during IVF (supplementation of IVF medium with 10% OF), and during IVF in combination with heparin (10% OF + 10-μg/mL heparin) on IVF parameters. Regardless of sperm concentration used (0.5, 1.5, or 4.5 × 105 cells/mL), exposure of oocytes to OF led to an increased (P 0.05) of the penetration rate in comparison with the control group. This resulted in a general increase (P 0.05) on the monospermy rate in comparison with 10% OF alone. This resulted in a general reduction (P < 0.05) in the final output of the IVF system (%), which was 33 ± 6% and 52 ± 8%, for 10% OF + heparin and 10% OF, respectively. In conclusion, the OF, used in porcine IVF, exerted a beneficial effect on oocytes by reducing the incidence of polyspermy without decreasing the penetration rate. However, the association of the OF with heparin reduced the efficiency of monospermic zygotes' production.Fil: Tavares Pereira Batista, Ribrio Ivan. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Universidade Estadual Do Ceara; BrasilFil: Moro, Lucía Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Corbin, Emilie. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Alminana, Carmen. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Gonçalves Souza Fabjan, Joanna Maria. Universidade Estadual Do Ceara; BrasilFil: de Figueirêdo Freitas, Vicente José. Universidade Estadual Do Ceara; BrasilFil: Mermillod, Pascal. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Franci

    Saneamento básico e impactos ambientais na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Curu – Estado do Ceará – ne do Brasil

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    A bacia hidrográfica do rio Curu, localizada na porção noroeste do estado do Ceará, Região Nordeste do Brasil, vem sendo assistida por ações governamentais (federal e estadual) desde a década de 1930. Destaca-se dentre as outras bacias do Estado por ter sido a primeira a implantar o sistema de perímetros irrigados (1975) e a organizar um Comitê de Bacia Hidrográfica (1996). A presente pesquisa, de caráter inédito, tem por objetivo analisar as condições ambientais das sedes municipais da bacia do Curu e utilizou como principal método a “listagem de controle” (check-list). Durante o estudo foi observado que a infra-estrutura de saneamento básico não acompanhou o desenvolvimento econômico e o crescimento demográfico da região, revelando-se como potencial poluidora dos recursos hídricos superficiais, através do lançamento de efluentes provindos das atividades urbanas e rurais. Isso acarreta vários prejuízos ambientais, como a alteração da qualidade das águas e o aumento da incidência de doenças de veiculação hídrica.Since 1932, Curu hydrographic basin, placed in the northwest of the Ceará state, has been assisted by governmental actions in both federal and state levels. It stands out among other Ceará basins because has been the first to implement the irrigated perimeter system (1975) and also to organise a Basin Committee (1996). Nowadays, it shows serious environmental problems related with the deficient basic sanitation and the effects of inadequate utilization of the natural resources. That way, this investigation, of unpublished character, analyze the sanitary conditions of the districts of this basin, identifying through "check list" method. During this study it was observed that the basic sanitation did not expand together with the economic and demographic development of the region, being a potential pollutant of the hydric superficial recourse. This results in several environmental damage such change of the water quality and the increase of hydric vehicle disease.La cuenca hidrográfica del río Curu, localizada en la porción noroeste del estado de Ceará, región Nordeste de Brasil, está siendo asistida por acciones gubernamentales (federales y estatales) desde la década de 1930. Se ha sobresalido entre las otras bacías del estado por haber sido la primera a implementar el sistema de perímetros irrigados (1975) y a organizar un Comité de Bacía Hidrográfica (1996). Actualmente posee serios problemas ambientales respecto a la deficiente infraestructura de saneamiento básico de las ciudades que componen la bacía y a los efectos de la utilización inadecuada de los recursos naturales. Así que la presente investigación, de carácter inédito, analiza las condiciones ambientales de las sedes municipales de bacía hidrográfica del Curu, considerando la precariedad del saneamiento básico como uno de los principales factores potenciales de degradación de los recursos hídricos superficiales. En visita a campo se identificó los aspectos sanitarios de las sedes municipales, a través del método "listado de control" (check-list). A lo largo del estudio se observó que la infraestructura no acompañó el desarrollo económico y el crecimiento demográfico de la región, revelándose la falta de este tipo de infraestructura como factor potencial de polución de los recursos hídricos superficiales, ya que los efluentes provenientes de actividades urbanas y rurales se tiran al río. Eso trae varios perjuicios ambientales, como la alteración de la calidad de las aguas y el aumento de la incidencia de enfermedades de transmisión por medio hídrico.A bacia hidrográfica do rio Curu, localizada na porção noroeste do estado do Ceará, Região Nordeste do Brasil, vem sendo assistida por ações governamentais (federal e estadual) desde a década de 1930. Destaca-se dentre as outras bacias do Estado por ter sido a primeira a implantar o sistema de perímetros irrigados (1975) e a organizar um Comitê de Bacia Hidrográfica (1996). A presente pesquisa, de caráter inédito, tem por objetivo analisar as condições ambientais das sedes municipais da bacia do Curu e utilizou como principal método a “listagem de controle” (check-list). Durante o estudo foi observado que a infra-estrutura de saneamento básico não acompanhou o desenvolvimento econômico e o crescimento demográfico da região, revelando-se como potencial poluidora dos recursos hídricos superficiais, através do lançamento de efluentes provindos das atividades urbanas e rurais. Isso acarreta vários prejuízos ambientais, como a alteração da qualidade das águas e o aumento da incidência de doenças de veiculação hídrica
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