670 research outputs found
Key Expressions of Posttraumatic Distress in Cambodian Children: A Step Toward Culturally-Sensitive Trauma Assessment and Intervention
More than half of all children in Cambodia experience direct abuse and over 70% other traumatic events, which significantly increase risk for a range of physical and mental health problems. Additionally, Cambodian children face longstanding sociopolitical, intergenerational, and cultural factors that compound the impact of direct victimization. As a result, rates of posttraumatic stress symptoms among Cambodian youth are high. However, care providers often rely on Western-based nosology that does not account for culturally specific expressions of trauma. Lack of knowledge surrounding the expressions of distress that best represent the experience of traumatized Cambodian children hinders diagnostic accuracy and treatment effectiveness. To address this problem, the current study utilized a qualitative design to interview 30 Cambodian caregivers of children with trauma experiences and 30 Cambodian children (ages 10â13 years) with trauma experiences to identify key local expressions of trauma. Findings reveal certain PTSD symptoms and culturally specific frequent and severe posttraumatic problems for Cambodian children and domains of functioning impacted by trauma. Certain symptoms seem particularly important to evaluate in this group, such as anger, physical complaints (e.g., headache and palpitations), and cognitive-focused complaints (in particular, âthinking too muchâ). All caregivers and children reported physical health as impacted by posttraumatic problems, highlighting a particularly salient domain of functioning for this population. Expressions of distress explored in the current study are discussed in the context of assessment and intervention development to inform diagnostic and clinical efforts for those working with trauma-exposed Cambodian children
Child appraisals of interparental conflict: The effects of intimate partner violence and the quality of parent-child relationships
Childrenâs appraisals of parental conflict, particularly perceived levels of threat, self-blame, and coping efficacy, have consistently been shown to mediate the association between conflict exposure and maladaptive outcomes. However, few studies have examined factors that may contribute to childrenâs use of these maladaptive appraisals, particularly among children exposed to more severe forms of interparental conflict. The current study will examine the influence of intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure and parent-child relationship quality on childrenâs appraisals of conflict, evaluating if these factors have independent effects, if they interact (i.e., parent-child relationship quality buffers the effect of IPV) or if parent-child relationship quality mediates the association between IPV and maladaptive appraisals. Participants were 118 mother-child dyads from a larger longitudinal study of IPV, recruited from a mid-size Midwestern town. Independent multiple linear regressions revealed that IPV predicted worse appraisals for all dimensions examined (i.e., threat, frequency, intensity, stability, coping efficacy, self-blame, content and resolution) and parent-child relationship quality predicted coping efficacy appraisals above and beyond the effect of IPV. Mediation analyses revealed the association between IPV and levels of coping efficacy was significantly mediated by parent-child relationship quality. Findings help delineate the pathways that lead to maladaptive appraisals and identify potential protective factors that can guide intervention efforts for children exposed to IPV
Beyond the poor man's implementation of unconditionally stable algorithms to solve the time-dependent Maxwell Equations
For the recently introduced algorithms to solve the time-dependent Maxwell
equations (see Phys.Rev.E Vol.64 p.066705 (2001)), we construct a variable grid
implementation and an improved spatial discretization implementation that
preserve the property of the algorithms to be unconditionally stable by
construction. We find that the performance and accuracy of the corresponding
algorithms are significant and illustrate their practical relevance by
simulating various physical model systems.Comment: 18 pages, 16 figure
Beijerinck and the bioluminescent bacteria: microbiological experiments in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
Microbiological research in the days before specialized equipment, or even electricity, required a great deal of ingenuity. The revival of 90-year-old bioluminescent bacteria from Beijerinck's laboratory in Delft prompted a review of his work with these microorganisms and revealed their use in simple techniques for the investigation of, among other things, sugar metabolism in yeasts, oxygen generation and uptake and even the survival of microorganisms in liquid hydrogen. He used variant strains of bioluminescent bacteria in an attempt to study heredity and variation in biological systems and described one of the earliest examples of enzyme induction.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/79076/1/j.1574-6941.2010.01004.x.pd
Historical microbiology: revival and phylogenetic analysis of the luminous bacterial cultures of M . W . B eijerinck
Luminous bacteria isolated by M artinus W . B eijerinck were sealed in glass ampoules in 1924 and 1925 and stored under the names P hotobacterium phosphoreum and â P hotobacterium splendidum â. To determine if the stored cultures were viable and to assess their evolutionary relationship with currently recognized bacteria, portions of the ampoule contents were inoculated into culture medium. Growth and luminescence were evident after 13 days of incubation, indicating the presence of viable cells after more than 80 years of storage. The B eijerinck strains are apparently the oldest bacterial cultures to be revived from storage. Multiâlocus sequence analysis, based on the 16S rRNA , gapA , gyrB , pyrH , recA , luxA , and luxB genes, revealed that the B eijerinck strains are distant from the type strains of P . phosphoreum , ATCC 11040 T , and V ibrio splendidus , ATCC 33125 T , and instead form an evolutionarily distinct clade of V ibrio . Newly isolated strains from coastal seawater in N orway, F rance, U ruguay, M exico, and J apan grouped with the B eijerinck strains, indicating a global distribution for this new clade, designated as the beijerinckii clade. Strains of the beijerinckii clade exhibited little sequence variation for the seven genes and approximately 6300 nucleotides examined despite the geographic distances and the more than 80 years separating their isolation. Gramânegative bacteria therefore can survive for many decades in liquid storage, and in nature, they do not necessarily diverge rapidly over time.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/88047/1/fem1177.pd
Electronic instabilities in 3D arrays of small-diameter (3,3) carbon nanotubes
We investigate the electronic instabilities of the small-diameter (3,3)
carbon nanotubes by studying the low-energy perturbations of the normal
Luttinger liquid regime. The bosonization approach is adopted to deal exactly
with the interactions in the forward-scattering channels, while renormalization
group methods are used to analyze the low-energy instabilities. In this
respect, we take into account the competition between the effective e-e
interaction mediated by phonons and the Coulomb interaction in backscattering
and Umklapp channels. Moreover, we apply our analysis to relevant experimental
conditions where the nanotubes are assembled into large three-dimensional
arrays, which leads to an efficient screening of the Coulomb potential at small
momentum-transfer. We find that the destabilization of the normal metallic
behavior takes place through the onset of critical behavior in some of the two
charge stiffnesses that characterize the Luttinger liquid state. From a
physical point of view, this results in either a divergent compressibility or a
vanishing renormalized velocity for current excitations at the point of the
transition. We observe anyhow that this kind of critical behavior occurs
without the development of any appreciable sign of superconducting
correlations.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figure
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