GROWTH AND SEX RATIO OF OCTOPUS Paroctopus digueti (PERRIER & ROCHEBRUNE, 1894) IN A WILD POPULATION

Istraživanja hobotnice Paroctopus digueti u Meksiku su rijetka te je stoga cilj ovog istraživanja procijeniti neke od bioloških karakteristika navedene vrste u zaljevu Ohuira, Ahome, Sinaloa, u Meksiku. Tijekom jeseni 2016. do jeseni 2017. g. uzorkovano je 217 hobotnica P. digueti od kojih su 166 bile ženke, 31 ovigerne ženke i 20 mužjaka. Svakoj hobotnici je zabilježena dužina plašta (ML) i krakova (AL), ukupna dužina (TL) i ukupna masa (TW), a korišten je FiSAT II program za dobivanje parametara rasta posredstvom frekvencija sezonskih veličina. S obzirom na oba spola, prosječna dužina plašta bila je 40,31 ± 2,5 mm. Za analizu odnosa ML-TL i ML-AL, podaci su prilagođeni modelu linearnog tipa. Za odnos između ML-TL, najmanji je koeficijent determinacije zabilježen tijekom proljeća R2 = 0,34, a najviši je zabilježen zimi R2 = 0,65. Što se tiče koeficijenta alometrije (b), bio je različit u četiri klimatske sezone. Teorijska krivulja rasta ML pokazala je oba spola ML∞ = 73,50 mm, K = 1,30 godina-1 i t0 = 0,10. Procijenjene vrijednosti iz jednadžbe rasta pokazale su brži rast (ML∞ = 63 mm) unutar 1,2 godine njihova života, dostižući maksimalnu duljinu u dobi od 2,5 godine. Krivulja rasta ukupne mase hobotnice P. digueti formirana je eksponencijalnim rastom u prvom stadiju do šest mjeseci, te u drugom, logaritamskom stadiju od sedam mjeseci do približno 1,8 godina. Ljeti su zabilježeni nešto niži koeficijenti i postoci trenutačnog koeficijenata rasta (IGC) za duljine i ukupnu masu hobotnice. Najviši Fultonov indeks kondicije (K) zabilježen je zimi. Omjer spola bio je značajno na strani ženki 9,85 F: 1 M.In Mexico, studies of octopus Paroctopus digueti are scarce, thus the objective of this research is to evaluate some of its biological aspects in Ohuira Bay, Ahome, Sinaloa, Mexico. From autumn 2016 to autumn 2017, a total of 217 organisms of P. digueti were collected, from which 166 were females, 31 ovigerous females and 20 males. The lengths of the mantle (ML), tentacles or arms (AL) and total length (TL) were recorded as well as the total weight (TW) of each organism. The software FiSAT II was used to obtain the growth parameters by mediating seasonal size frequencies. Considering both sexes, the average registered mantle length was 40.31±2.5 mm. For the analysis of ML-TL y ML-AL, the data were adjusted to a linear-type model. For the relationship between ML-TL, the minimum determination coefficient was observed during spring R2 = 0.335, and the highest was registered in winter R2 = 0.6452. With regards to the allometry coefficient (b), it was different among the 4 climatic seasons. The theoretical ML growth curve showed both sexes of ML∞= 73.50 mm, K = 1.30 year-1 and t0= 0.10. The estimated values from the growth equation revealed faster growth (ML∞= 63 mm) within the 1.2 years of their lives, reaching a maximum length at 2.5 years of age. The total weight growth curve of P. digueti octopus was formed by an exponential first stage up to six months and the second logarithmic stage from seven months to approximately 1.8 years. In the summer there were slightly lower coefficients and percentages of instantaneous growth coefficients (IGC) for the lengths and total weight of octopus P. digueti. The highest Fulton’s condition index (k) was recorded in winter. The sex ratio was significant in a proportion of 9.85 F:1 M

Effect of inulin and probiotic bacteria on growth, survival, immune response, and prevalence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in Litopenaeus vannamei cultured under laboratory conditions

The effect of inulin and probiotic bacteria on the growth, survival, immune response and viral prevalence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in white shrimp was evaluated. Presumptive bacilli and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were characterized for hemolytic and enzymatic activity, hydrophobicity and antagonism against Vibrio. Selected isolates (Bacilli and LAB) were included in the diet of juvenile shrimp. Two bioassays were conducted with treatments by triplicate (10 shrimp per replicate) with inulin and inulin and bacteria. Fourteen LAB and six bacilli isolates had potential as probiotics. Survival and growth was not affected by the addition of the inulin and bacteria to diet. Inulin and bacteria improved immunity in cultured shrimp. Also, these feed additives reduced the prevalence of WSSV in cultured shrimp.Keywords: Probiotics, prebiotics, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), immune system, Litopenaeus vannameiAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(21), pp. 3366-337

Effect of microencapsulated phenolic compound extracts of Maclura tinctoria (L.) Steud on growth performance and humoral immunity markers of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone, 1931) juveniles

Aim of study: The effect of microencapsulated phenolic compound extracts of Maclura tinctoria (MTBE) on growth performance and humoral immunity markers of the white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles (0.5 ± 0.2 g initial weight) was studied.Area of study: M. tinctoria was collected from Hampolol, Campeche, and Arroyo del Agua, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico.Material and methods: Three MTBE inclusions (0.5, 1, and 2.5 g MTBE/kg, Purina®) were compared with a control commercial feed (Purina®) during 30 days. Nine phenolic acids, nine flavonols, four dihydro-flavonoids, four flavones, and seven unidentified phenolic compounds were determined fin the MTBE using a Perkin Elmer® HPLC chromatograph and diode array-detection.Main results: The mean concentrations of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid compounds, and condensed tannins were 198.05 ± 5.59 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g-1 dw, 78.57 ± 1.80 quercetin equivalent g-1, and 28.32 ± 0.33 mg epicatechin equivalent g-1, respectively. The ferric reducing antioxidant power and the total antioxidant capacity, respectively, averaged 28.32 mg GAE mL-1 and 10.9 mg ascorbic acid equivalent mL-1. Survival, weight gain, and specific growth rate of L. vannamei were similar among the experimental diets. The dietary inclusion of MTBE at 0.5 g/kg of food showed significant higher (p < 0.05) plasma hemocyte lysate protein (1.35 ± 0.055 µg mL-1), prophenoloxidase (0.47 ± 0.15, Abs. 492 nm), and superoxide anion (O2.-) activity (0.21 ± 0.07, Abs. 630 nm).Research highlights: The supplementation of MTBE at 0.5 g/kg of food could be considered as a potential alternative additive for L. vannamei diet in the juvenile production, since it improved the response of the humoral immunity markers at post larval life stages, when cultivated shrimp are more susceptible to be infected by pathogens

Ecology, Fishery and Aquaculture in Gulf of California, Mexico: Pen Shell Atrina maura (Sowerby, 1835)

The pen shell Atrina maura bears economic importance in northwest Mexico. This chapter considers a review on diverse ecology, fishery, and aquaculture topics of this species, carried out in northwest Mexico. In ecology, biology, abundance, spatial prospecting, sex ratio, size structure, reproductive cycle, first maturity sizes, variation of gonadosomatic indexes and growth are discussed. In fishery, the information analysed corresponds to the structure of the organisms in the banks susceptible to capture, institutional and ecological interaction for fishing regulation, evaluation of fishing effort, improvement in fishing performance using the knowledge and attitudes of the fishermen on fisheries policies in the Gulf of California, resilience and collapse of artisanal fisheries and public politics. In aquaculture, they are long-line culture, bottom culture, reproductive cycle, growth, production of larvae and seeds, biochemistry of oocytes, nutritional quality of the muscle, evaluation of diets based on microalgae, immunology in larval and juvenile and probiotic use. The present work shows a status based on information published in theses and articles indexed 15 years ago to the date on the ecology, fishery and aquaculture in the pen shell Atrina maura carried out in the lagoon systems of northwest Mexico

Biodiversity of Gastropod in the Southeastern Gulf of California, Mexico

Currently, studying the environment is important because of the phenomena that take place on the earth every day. That is why it is a priority to carry out studies that relate environmental changes to the biology of organisms. This allows us to know the interactions with the environment, and in this way solve, reduce or prevent ecological and economic problems, if they are organisms with a commercial value. The objective of this investigation is to determine ecological parameters of the gastropod community from the intertidal zone on five islands from the Gulf of California, México, to model the diversity, distribution and abundance of malacological fauna. We considered to evaluate the Shannon-Wiener diversity (H′), Pielou’s of evenness (J) and the Margalef species richness indexes, in order to evaluate through an analysis from biotic and abiotic factors, the species status that was collected from the exposed and non-exposed zone tidal. The generated data were contemplated from a year-based biodiversity project (2016–2017) on the following islands: Patos, Bledos, Bleditos, Tunosa, and Mazocahui which belong to the Ohuira lagoon in Ahome, Sinaloa, southeast of the Gulf of California, México. Likewise a status about the importance of gastropods is mentioned for the study area

Patrones de crecimiento y proporción de sexos de la jaiba Callinectes bellicosus (Decapoda: Portunidae)

Background: Knowledge of growth is relevant because it provides information on the local dynamics of the population. Goals: This study evaluated the growth, size structure, morphometry, and sex ratio of C. belliosus crab caught in the El Colorado lagoon, Ahome, Sinaloa, Mexico. Methods: Through size distributions and by the modal-progression method using the FISAT II program. Similarly, the growth parameters of the von Bertalanffy stationalized equation and the growth performance or Munro index (Ø) were determined from March 2012 to March 2013. Results: 3,242 organisms of C. bellicosus were captured of which 1,770 were males and 1,472 were females. The population of C. bellicosus in the lagoon ranged in size from 40 mm to 190 mm (CW), showing two similar modes for males and females (100 mm and 110 mm, respecti­vely). The relationships between CL-CW for both sexes were adjusted to a linear type model (males, CL = 0.5265CW-0.0539, R2 = 0.8058, p <0.05, females, CL = 0.581CW-0.6335, R2 = 0.7643, p <0.05). The CW-TW relationship was of potential type (males, TW = 0.561AC3.0751, R2 = 0.7968, p <0.05; females, TW = 0.0834C2.9077, R2 = 0.7589, p <0.05). In females, K = 0.90 years-1 and L∞ = 169 mm, K = 1.20 years-1 and L∞ = 178.5 mm. Conclusions: The growth curves suggest that C. bellicosus reaches its maximum length at 2.5 to 3 years. The sex ratio of 0.81 F : 1 M was significant (X2 (0.05, 11) = 19.675, X2 observada = 58.481, p < 0.05).   Antecedentes: El conocimiento del crecimiento en cualquier especie es relevante debido a que proporciona información de la dinámica local de la población. Objetivos: Evaluar el crecimiento, la estructura de tallas, la morfometría y la proporción de sexos de las jaibas C. bellicosus capturadas en la laguna El Colorado, Ahome, Sinaloa, México. Métodos: Durante el periodo de marzo de 2012 a marzo de 2013 se evaluaron las distribuciones de frecuencias de tallas y se aplicó el método de progresión modal mediante el programa FiSAT II. Asimismo, se determinaron los parámetros de crecimiento de la ecuación de von Bertalanffy y el desempeño del crecimiento o índice de Munro (Ø). Resultados: Se capturaron 3,242 organismos de C. bellicosus, de los cuales 1,770 fueron machos y 1,472, hembras. La población de C. bellicosus en la laguna presentó un intervalo de tallas de 40 mm a 190 mm (AC), mostrando dos modas similares para machos y hembras (100 mm y 110 mm, respectivamente). Las relaciones entre el LC-AC para ambos sexos se ajustaron a un modelo de tipo lineal (machos, LC = 0.5265AC-0.0539, R2 = 0.8058, p <0.05; hembras, LC = 0.581AC-0.6335, R2 = 0.7643, p <0.05). La relación AC-PT fue de tipo potencial (machos, PT = 0.561AC3.0751, R2 = 0.7968, p <0.05; hembras, PT = 0.0834AC2.9077, R2 = 0.7589, p <0.05). En hembras se estimó una K= 0.90 años-1 y L∞ = 169 mm, en los machos fue K = 1.20 años-1 y L∞ = 178.5 mm. Conclusiones: Las curvas de crecimiento sugirieron que C. bellicosus alcanzó su longitud máxima de 2.5 a 3 años. La proporción de sexos de 0.81 H : 1 M fue significativa (X2 (0.05, 11) = 19.675, X2 observada = 58.481, p < 0.05

Regulatory nodD1 and nodD2 genes of Rhizobium tropici strain CIAT 899 and their roles in the early stages of molecular signaling and host-legume nodulation

BACKGROUND: Nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation are mediated by several genes, both of the host legume and of the bacterium. The rhizobial regulatory nodD gene plays a critical role, orchestrating the transcription of the other nodulation genes. Rhizobium tropici strain CIAT 899 is an effective symbiont of several legumes—with an emphasis on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)—and is unusual in carrying multiple copies of nodD, the roles of which remain to be elucidated. RESULTS: Phenotypes, Nod factors and gene expression of nodD1 and nodD2 mutants of CIAT 899 were compared with those of the wild type strain, both in the presence and in the absence of the nod-gene-inducing molecules apigenin and salt (NaCl). Differences between the wild type and mutants were observed in swimming motility and IAA (indole acetic acid) synthesis. In the presence of both apigenin and salt, large numbers of Nod factors were detected in CIAT 899, with fewer detected in the mutants. nodC expression was lower in both mutants; differences in nodD1 and nodD2 expression were observed between the wild type and the mutants, with variation according to the inducing molecule, and with a major role of apigenin with nodD1 and of salt with nodD2. In the nodD1 mutant, nodulation was markedly reduced in common bean and abolished in leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) and siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum), whereas a mutation in nodD2 reduced nodulation in common bean, but not in the other two legumes. CONCLUSION: Our proposed model considers that full nodulation of common bean by R. tropici requires both nodD1 and nodD2, whereas, in other legume species that might represent the original host, nodD1 plays the major role. In general, nodD2 is an activator of nod-gene transcription, but, in specific conditions, it can slightly repress nodD1. nodD1 and nodD2 play other roles beyond nodulation, such as swimming motility and IAA synthesis. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1458-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Detección y caracterización molecular de fotoplasmas en híbridos comerciales de tomate y hospedantes alternos en Sinaloa

Tesis (Maestría en Recursos Naturales y Medio Ambiente), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR, Unidad Sinaloa, 2008, 1 archivo PDF, (68 páginas). tesis.ipn.m