Recognition without influence? German trade unions and Jean Monnet's Action Committee for the United States of Europe 1955 – 1975

This thesis explores the relationship of the German trades unions with Jean Monnet’s Action Committee for the United States of Europe. In doing so it moves away from the traditional Monnet-centred narratives that surround the Committee to examine it from the viewpoint of one of the participating member groups. Monnet promoted European integration to resolve the dilemma of early post-war Europe – how to balance the need for French security against an economically reviving Federal Republic. Integration into Europe helped stabilise democracy in the new Federal Republic, a process in which the unions believed they should play a key role. Side-lined by Adenauer at home, the German unions saw Europe as a means of achieving the reforms denied domestically. However, union leaders failed to develop an agenda to make use of the Committee and when disappointed by the outcome of the negotiations for the Rome Treaties, lost interest in it, a process which was eased by the Committee’s decline in relevance during the 1960s. Nevertheless, membership of the Committee was important in socialising German elites, including union leaders, into Europe after the war. As well as deepening our understanding of the Action Committee itself, the thesis explores the interplay of domestic and integration politics during the period and the role of permissive consensus, which underpinned the union leaders’ attitudes to the Committee, during the early years of European integration

Digging Into Data White Paper:Trading Consequences

Scholars interested in nineteenth century global economic history face a voluminous historical record. Conventional approaches to primary source research on the economic and environmental implications of globalised commodity flows typically restrict researchers to specific locations or a small handful of commodities. By taking advantage of cutting edge computational tools, the project was able to address much larger data sets for historical research, and thereby provides historians with the means to develop new data driven research questions. In particular, this project has demonstrated that text mining techniques applied to tens of thousands of documents about nineteenth century commodity trading can yield a novel understanding of how economic forces connected distant places all over the globe and how efforts to generate wealth from natural resources impacted on local environments. The large scale findings that result from the application of these new methodologies would be barely feasible using conventional research methods. Moreover, the project vividly demonstrates how the digital humanities can benefit from transdisciplinary collaboration between humanists, computational linguists and information visualisation expertsPostprin

Comprehensive Molecular Portraits of Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most prevalent histologic subtype of invasive breast cancer. Here, we comprehensively profiled 817 breast tumors, including 127 ILC, 490 ductal (IDC), and 88 mixed IDC/ILC. Besides E-cadherin loss, the best known ILC genetic hallmark, we identified mutations targeting PTEN, TBX3 and FOXA1 as ILC enriched features. PTEN loss associated with increased AKT phosphorylation, which was highest in ILC among all breast cancer subtypes. Spatially clustered FOXA1 mutations correlated with increased FOXA1 expression and activity. Conversely, GATA3 mutations and high expression characterized Luminal A IDC, suggesting differential modulation of ER activity in ILC and IDC. Proliferation and immune-related signatures determined three ILC transcriptional subtypes associated with survival differences. Mixed IDC/ILC cases were molecularly classified as ILC-like and IDC-like revealing no true hybrid features. This multidimensional molecular atlas sheds new light on the genetic bases of ILC and provides potential clinical options

A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema