Integrated coastal management in a decentralized Indonesia: How it can work" (2001) 4 Jurnal Pesisir dan Lautan 24

ABSTRACT T his paper describes the mechanics of establishing a voluntary, incentive-based integrated coastal management program in Indonesia that is consistent with the newly established laws relating to decentralization. It first offers a close analysis of those laws, specifically Act No. 22/1999 and its implementing Regulation No. 25/2000 regarding management authorities, and Act No. 25/1999 and its implementing Regulation 104/2000 regarding financial relations and financial management. The paper then discusses why these new laws increase the need for a vertically and horizontally integrated coastal resource management (ICRM) program in Indonesia. Lastly, the paper describes how a program can be developed under decentralization. The paper proposes a voluntary program in which the central government establishes standards and guidelines for developing provincial and district ICRM programs. In addition to developing standards, the central government would also put in place specific programs providing incentives available to provinces and districts that prepare a ICRM plans in accordance with these standards and guidelines. After coordination with relevant village and provincial governments, the districts, through the provincial government, would submit their plan for approval by the central government. Upon approval, the central government would provide technical and financial assistance, and as additional incentive, would commit to adhering to the regional plan itself. The paper further identifies sources of discretionary funding available to the central government to use for financing such a program. Key words: Keywords: ICRM, Decentralization ABSTRAK Makalah ini menggambarkan mekanisme dari penyelenggaraan program Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir Secara Terpadu (PSPT) di Indonesia berkaitan diterbitkannya undang-undang otonomi daerah. Hal yang dibahas adalah UU 22/1999 serta peraturan pelaksanaannya menurut PP No. 25/2000 tentang wewenang pengelolaan, dan UU 25/1999 serta PP 104/2000 tentang pengelolaan keuangan dan pembagian pendapatan. Makalah ini juga membahas arti penting dari rejim PSPT terhadap pelaksanaan otonomi daerah. Hal lain yang juga dibahas adalah gambaran program yang dapat dikembangkan dalam bingkai otonomi daerah. Diungkapkan pula suatu program yang berkaitan dengan akan dipublikasikannya pedoman dan petunjuk bagi daerah oleh pemerintah pusat dalam menyusun rencana PSPT, sehingga jika Kabupaten/Kota akan melaksanakan berbagai macam peraturan tentunya harus mengacu pada pedoman dan petunjuk tersebut. Setelah melakukan koordinasi dengan pemerintah daerah dan propinsi, pemerintah kabupaten/kota, melalui pemerintah propinsi mengirimkan rencana pengelolaannya untuk disetujui oleh pemerintah pusat. Setelah disetujui, pemerintah pusat akan menyediakan bantuan teknis dan finansial. Lebih jauh makalah ini mengidentifikasi sumber-sumber pendanaan yang ada bagi pemerintah pusat untuk digunakan sebagai pembiayaan beberapa program pengelolaan tersebut. Kata kunci: PSPT, Otonomi Daera

Avian diversity in a suburban park system: current conditions and strategies for dealing with anticipated change

Abstract A growing trend towards increased urbanization emphasizes the role of suburban parks in wildlife conservation. Spatial planning aimed at maintaining biological diversity and functionality must consider how changes at landscape and more local scales will influence the biotic structure of urban areas. From May 2006 to July 2010, bird surveys were conducted in three metropolitan parks in Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Surveys were conducted with the goal of examining the effect of vegetation structure and adjacent land cover on the distribution and species richness of breeding birds within this park system. A total of 65 species were recorded throughout the study area. Avian species richness was linked to several habitat metrics, measured at both the local and landscape scale. Generally, species richness was highest at locations characterized by moderate forest cover. The proportion of canopy cover at survey sites related negatively to species richness and the density of understory vegetation showed a positive relationship with species diversity. Despite the influence of these three metrics, sensitivity analysis indicates that the density of understory vegetation is the most significant correlate to avian diversity within this suburban park system. Management actions aimed at providing habitat for the greatest diversity of breeding songbirds within the study area should allow for moderate canopy cover while retaining or improving the structural complexity of understory vegetatation