The needs of older people living in sheltered housing

Eighty-seven residents of three sheltered accommodation schemes for people over 60 years, were interviewed about their physical and mental health, their decision to move in, and how they found living in sheltered housing. Their social networks and social support were investigated along with any needs they might have, environmental, physical, psychological or social and who, if anyone, met these, family, friends, health, social or voluntary services. Residents had a wide range of needs and varied greatly in the number of needs they had. Environmental needs e.g. housework, shopping and managing money, and physical health needs e.g. medication, physical health and self care were reported most frequently and were usually met. Psychological needs e.g. distress and memory and social needs e.g. activity, relationships and company were reported less often but a greater proportion of these were unmet. Particular needs varied as to whether they were more likely to be met by family, services, either or both together. No relationship was found between the number of needs or unmet needs and resident gender, age or scheme lived in. Single people had more needs but not more unmet needs than married people. Activity limitation, somatic symptoms, dementia and depression were all associated with numbers of needs and of unmet needs. Residents' with private restricted or family dependent support networks had most needs, those with locally integrated networks had least. Residents with private restricted networks had the most unmet needs on average, and those with locally integrated networks had fewest. Residents with private restricted networks needed formal help with more needs than did other residents. Residents often moved to sheltered accommodation because: they or their spouse were in poor health; they could not manage in their old home; they wanted a warden or alarm. Most residents were happy living in sheltered accommodation. Many made use of 'sheltered' features such as the common room, the communal laundry, the warden and the alarm. A minority of residents were lonely and a few were unhappy with sheltered accommodation

Chemosensory Communication and Neural Substrates of Social Behavior in the African Cichlid Fish, Astatotilapia burtoni

Social animals must constantly assess their environment to make appropriate decisions. In several fish species, chemosensory signaling is crucial for social communication, conveying information on sex, reproductive state, and social status. Despite its importance in fishes, relatively little is known about how they employ chemical signaling, with only a few of the over 30,000 extant species investigated thus far. Further, there is a scarcity of information about where and how socially-relevant chemosensory signals are processed in the brain of fishes, or how chemosensory signals are integrated with other senses to elicit appropriate behaviors. For my doctoral research, I examined the role of chemosensory signaling during social interactions in a model cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni. I also examined neural activation patterns in various social contexts to understand how socially-relevant visual and chemosensory signals are processed in the brain. Finally, I examined levels of putative pheromone-detecting receptors in the olfactory epithelium of juveniles and adults of varying social and reproductive status to gain insight into peripheral processing of sexually-relevant olfactory signals. I found that, similar to A. burtoni males, females use contextual urine release with higher urination rates in the presence of dominant males (reproductive context) and brooding females (aggressive context). Using in situ hybridization for the immediate early gene cfos as a proxy for neural activation, I identified key brain regions involved in mediating these context-specific behaviors. Further, I show that dominant males have altered behavioral and neural responses to visual and chemosensory signals from receptive females, which supports nonredundant signaling. Finally, using quantitative PCR I evaluated gene levels of all six putative pheromone detecting receptors, oras, in the olfactory epithelium and found that expression of some oras varies with reproductive status in females but not males. These data reveal the neural substrates mediating intra- and inter-sexual social behaviors in a single fish species, advancing our understanding of how socially-relevant chemosensory information is processed in the brain. It also provides the framework for examining how olfaction is integrated with other sensory modalities in the brain to mediate social communication and adaptive behavioral decisions across vertebrates

Alien Registration- Field, Elizabeth (Detroit, Somerset County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/9749/thumbnail.jp

IMPACT OF CHANGING CONSUMER PREFERENCES ON WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY FOR BEEF STEAKS IN ALTERNATIVE RETAIL PACKAGING

The purpose of this study was to identify how consumer perceptions of selected attributes of beef steaks, individual consumer demographics and perceived changes in purchases of substitute meats affect willingness-to-pay for beef rib-eye steaks in the traditional overwrapped styrofoam tray and vacuum skin packages. A laboratory auction was used to obtain willingness-to-pay data. The results suggest that health related factors, particularly the concern regarding cholesterol, reduced the willingness-to-pay for beef rib-eye steaks, regardless of package type. For the vacuum skin package to be successful, information about the package is necessary, along with providing a consistent and quality product, particularly with respect to trim.Consumer/Household Economics,

An Empirical Application of Laboratory Experimental Auctions in Marketing Research

A laboratory experimental auction was used to determine factors influencing the relative value consumers place on alternative retail beef packaging. Results indicate information is very important for the successful introduction and marketing of the vacuum skin package. Physical appearance of the beef plays a major role in purchasing decisions by consumers, with fat and shape significantly decreasing the value of beef in the vacuum skin package relative to beef in the overwrapped styrofoam tray package. Experimental economics procedures, when combined with traditional marketing research techniques, can provide useful information for marketing decisions and economic analyses

The impact of the Whistle-to-Whistle ban on the frequency and placement of gambling advertising on UK television

Abstract Introduction: There are currently no legally enforced restrictions on the broadcast time of gambling advertising on UK television. In August 2019, the Industry Group for Responsible Gambling (IGRG) introduced a voluntary policy which limited advertising around live sports, creating a “safe” window of 5 minutes either side of a match, known as the “Whistle-to-Whistle” period. This policy intended to protect young and vulnerable people from the widespread exposure to gambling adverts on television during pre-watershed (9pm) live sports games. Methods: This study will employ panel data statistical models to explore the change in pre-watershed gambling advertising around live sports, and other sporting programmes, following the introduction of the “whistle-to-whistle” ban. It will explore spill-overs to post-watershed, and non-sports channels to assess the industry’s response to the policy. Data: Data comprises six months of advertising data obtained from Nielsen Media covering 1st September to 1st December 2018, and 2019. Data is compiled using the BARB (Broadcasters Audience Research Board) definition of gambling. Analyses will compare the impact on weekdays and weekends, pre and post-watershed, for different genres of television programme. Results & Conclusions: Data analysis commences in November 2022 and is due to be completed in early 2023. Statement of implications: If such policies are effective in reducing the number of gambling adverts on television, then they might be implemented legally in the UK broadcasting codes. Identifying spread to other channels, or post-watershed television, will help to understand the potential unintended consequences of the policy

Regional and racial inequality in infectious disease mortality in U.S. cities, 1900-1948

In the first half of the twentieth century, the rate of death from infectious disease in the United States fell precipitously. Although this decline is well-known and well-documented, there is surprisingly little evidence about whether it took place uniformly across the regions of the U.S. We use data on infectious disease deaths from all reporting U.S. cities to describe regional patterns in the decline of urban infectious mortality from 1900 to 1948. We report three main results: First, urban infectious mortality was higher in the South in every year from 1900 to 1948. Second, infectious mortality declined later in southern cities than in cities in the other regions. Third, comparatively high infectious mortality in southern cities was driven primarily by extremely high infectious mortality among African Americans. From 1906 to 1920, African Americans in cities experienced a rate of death from infectious disease greater than what urban whites experienced during the 1918 flu pandemic.First author draf