340 research outputs found
Temporal and diffraction effects in entanglement creation in an optical cavity
A practical scheme for entanglement creation between distant atoms located
inside a single-mode optical cavity is discussed. We show that the degree of
entanglement and the time it takes for the entanglement to reach its optimum
value is a sensitive function the initial conditions and the position of the
atoms inside the cavity mode. It is found that the entangled properties of the
two atoms can readily be extracted from dynamics of a simple two-level system.
Effectively, we engineer two coupled qubits whose the dynamics are analogous to
that of a driven single two-level system. It is found that spatial variations
of the coupling constants actually help to create transient entanglement which
may appear on the time scale much longer than that predicted for the case of
equal coupling constants. When the atoms are initially prepared in an entangled
state, they may remain entangled for all times. We also find that the
entanglement exhibits an interesting phenomenon of diffraction when the the
atoms are located between the nodes and antinodes of the cavity mode. The
diffraction pattern of the entanglement varies with time and we explain this
effect in terms of the quantum property of complementarity, which is manifested
as a tradeoff between the knowledge of energy of the exchanged photon versus
the evolution time of the system.Comment: Phys. Rev. A75, 042307 (2007
Effect of retardation on the dynamics of entanglement between atoms
The role of retardation in the entanglement dynamics of two distant atoms
interacting with a multi-mode field of a ring cavity is discussed. The
retardation is associated with a finite time required for light to travel
between the atoms located at a finite distance and between the atoms and the
cavity boundaries. We explore features in the concurrence indicative of
retardation and show how these features evolve depending on the initial state
of the system, distance between the atoms and the number of modes to which the
atoms are coupled. In particular, we consider the short-time and the long time
dynamics for both the multi- and sub-wavelength distances between the atoms. It
is found that the retardation effects can qualitatively modify the entanglement
dynamics of the atoms not only at multi- but also at sub-wavelength distances.
We follow the temporal evolution of the concurrence and find that at short
times of the evolution the retardation induces periodic sudden changes of
entanglement. To analyze where the entanglement lies in the space spanned by
the state vectors of the system, we introduce the collective Dicke states of
the atomic system that explicitly account for the sudden changes as a periodic
excitation of the atomic system to the maximally entangled symmetric state. At
long times, the retardation gives rise to periodic beats in the concurrence
that resemble the phenomenon of collapses and revivals in the Jaynes-Cummings
model. In addition, we identify parameter values and initial conditions at
which the atoms remain separable or are entangled without retardation during
the entire evolution time, but exhibit the phenomena of sudden birth and sudden
death of entanglement when the retardation is included.Comment: 16 pages, 14 figure
Spin squeezing as a measure of entanglement in a two qubit system
We show that two definitions of spin squeezing extensively used in the
literature [M. Kitagawa and M. Ueda, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 47}, 5138 (1993) and
D.J. Wineland {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 50}, 67 (1994)] give different
predictions of entanglement in the two-atom Dicke system. We analyze
differences between the definitions and show that the Kitagawa and Ueda's spin
squeezing parameter is a better measure of entanglement than the commonly used
spectroscopic spin squeezing parameter. We illustrate this relation by
examining different examples of a driven two-atom Dicke system in which spin
squeezing and entanglement arise dynamically. We give an explanation of the
source of the difference in the prediction of entanglement using the negativity
criterion for entanglement. For the examples discussed, we find that the
Kitagawa and Ueda's spin squeezing parameter is the sufficient and necessary
condition for entanglement.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Collective coherent population trapping in a thermal field
We analyzed the efficiency of coherent population trapping (CPT) in a
superposition of the ground states of three-level atoms under the influence of
the decoherence process induced by a broadband thermal field. We showed that in
a single atom there is no perfect CPT when the atomic transitions are affected
by the thermal field. The perfect CPT may occur when only one of the two atomic
transitions is affected by the thermal field. In the case when both atomic
transitions are affected by the thermal field, we demonstrated that regardless
of the intensity of the thermal field the destructive effect on the CPT can be
circumvented by the collective behavior of the atoms. An analytic expression
was obtained for the populations of the upper atomic levels which can be
considered as a measure of the level of thermal decoherence. The results show
that the collective interaction between the atoms can significantly enhance the
population trapping in that the population of the upper state decreases with
increased number of atoms. The physical origin of this feature was explained by
the semiclassical dressed atom model of the system. We introduced the concept
of multiatom collective coherent population trapping by demonstrating the
existence of collective (entangled) states whose storage capacity is larger
than that of the equivalent states of independent atoms.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Efficient Scheme for Perfect Collective Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering
A practical scheme for the demonstration of perfect one-sided
device-independent quantum secret sharing is proposed. The scheme involves a
three-mode optomechanical system in which a pair of independent cavity modes is
driven by short laser pulses and interact with a movable mirror. We demonstrate
that by tuning the laser frequency to the blue (anti-Stokes) sideband of the
average frequency of the cavity modes, the modes become mutually coherent and
then may collectively steer the mirror mode to a perfect
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen state. The scheme is shown to be experimentally
feasible, it is robust against the frequency difference between the modes,
mechanical thermal noise and damping, and coupling strengths of the cavity
modes to the mirror.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Quantum interference in optical fields and atomic radiation
We discuss the connection between quantum interference effects in optical
beams and radiation fields emitted from atomic systems. We illustrate this
connection by a study of the first- and second-order correlation functions of
optical fields and atomic dipole moments. We explore the role of correlations
between the emitting systems and present examples of practical methods to
implement two systems with non-orthogonal dipole moments. We also derive
general conditions for quantum interference in a two-atom system and for a
control of spontaneous emission. The relation between population trapping and
dark states is also discussed. Moreover, we present quantum dressed-atom models
of cancellation of spontaneous emission, amplification on dark transitions,
fluorescence quenching and coherent population trapping.Comment: To be published in Journal of Modern Optics Special Issue on Quantum
Interferenc
Phase modulation induced by cooperative effects in electromagnetically induced transparency
We analyze the influence of dipole-dipole interactions in an
electromagnetically induced transparency setup at high density. We show both
analytically and numerically that the polarization contribution to the local
field strongly modulates the phase of a weak pulse. We give an intuitive
explanation for this local field induced phase modulation and show that it
distinctively differs from the nonlinear self-phase modulation a strong pulse
experiences in a Kerr medium
Thresholdless dressed-atom laser in a photonic band-gap material
We demonstrate the capability of complete thresholdless lasing operation
between dressed states of a two-level atom located inside a microscopic cavity
engineered in a photonic band-gap material. We distinguish between threshold
and thresholdless behaves by analyzing the Mandel's Q parameter for the cavity
field. We find that the threshold behave depends on whether the spontaneous
emission is or is not present on the lasing transition. In the presence of the
spontaneous emission, the mean photon number of the cavity field exhibits
threshold behavior indicating that the system may operate as an ordinary laser.
When the spontaneous emission is eliminated on the lasing transition, no
threshold is observed for all values of the pumping rate indicating the system
becomes a thresholdless laser. Moreover, we find that under a thresholdless
operation, the mean photon number can increase nonlinearly with the pumping
rate, and this process is accompanied by a sub-Poisson statistics of the field.
This suggests that the nonclassical statistics can be used to distinguish a
nonlinear operation of the dressed-atom laser.Comment: 6 pages 4 figure
Radiation pattern of two identical emitters driven by a Laguerre-Gaussian beam: An atom nanoantenna
We study the directional properties of a radiation field emitted by a
geometrically small system composed of two identical two-level emitters located
at short distances and driven by an optical vortex beam, a Laguerre-Gaussian
beam which possesses a structured phase and amplitude. We find that the system
may operate as a nanoantenna for controlled and tunable directional emission.
Polar diagrams of the radiation intensity are presented showing that a constant
phase or amplitude difference at the positions of the emitters plays an
essential role in the directivity of the emission. We find that the radiation
patterns may differ dramatically for different phase and amplitude differences
at the positions of the emitters. As a result the system may operate as a two-
or one-sided nanoantenna. In particular, a two-sided highly focused directional
emission can be achieved when the emitters experience the same amplitude and a
constant phase difference of the driving field. We find a general directional
property of the emitted field that when the phase differences at the positions
of the emitters equal an even multiple of \pi/4, the system behaves as a
two-sided antenna. When the phase difference equals an odd multiple of \pi/4,
the system behaves as an one-sided antenna. The case when the emitters
experience the same phase but different amplitudes of the driving field is also
considered and it is found that the effect of different amplitudes is to cause
the system to behave as a uni-directional antenna radiating along the
interatomic axis.Comment: published versio
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