Studio della produzione di batteriocine da parte di batteri lattici isolati da Boza e Koumis

Nell’ambito della conservazione e della qualità alimentare, lo studio sulle batteriocine prodotte dai batteri lattici assume un ruolo fondamentale. Queste sostanze, in prevalenza di tipo proteico, sono, infatti, capaci di inibire la crescita di microrganismi, in alcuni casi anche patogeni, contribuendo così alla qualità generale del prodotto finito. La richiesta da parte dei consumatori di alimenti sempre più sani e “naturali”, sta spingendo i produttori ad abbandonare, dove possibile, gli agenti chimici. Come conseguenza l’interesse per agenti microbici “naturali” sta crescendo di anno in anno. Nel presente elaborato di tesi è stata saggiata la produzione di batteriocine da parte di alcuni batteri isolati da una bevanda fermentata di origine Bulgara, denominata Boza. Sono state, inoltre, caratterizzate due batteriocine, prodotte da un microrganismo precedentemente isolato dal Koumis, bevanda fermentata a base di latte di giumenta originaria della Mongolia. Se da una parte l’individuazione di batteri lattici produttori di batteriocine nel Boza ha dato esito negativo, dall’altra, le due batteriocine, già isolate dal Koumis e prodotte da Enterococcus durans, hanno mostrato grande attività contro Lactobacillus bulgaricus 340, Listeria innocua, Lactobacillus brevis e contro il fungo Fusarium graminearum, responsabile della produzione di micotossine. Conoscendo la sequenza genetica dei geni che esprimono le batteriocine (Enterocina I e ORF2P), sono state create due proteine di fusione espresse, con l’ausilio del vettore sintetico pET-DP-LTP, in cellule competenti di Escherichia coli BL21. Questo ha permesso la produzione separata delle due batteriocine, altrimenti non realizzabile con metodiche quali la cromatografia a scambio cationico, la cromatografia a fase inversa e l’HPLC. Test futuri sull’uso di queste batteriocine come conservanti in campo alimentare potranno portare ad un uso industriale di questi due composti come già accade per la nisina

SISTEM INFORMASI MANUFAKTUR PADA CV. MEGA DESIGN PALEMBANG

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis dan merancang Sistem Informasi Manajemen Persediaan, Pembelian, dan Penjualan Barang pada CV. Mega Design Palembang, dimana analisis dan perancangan ini dapat membantu mempermudah dalam pencarian data dan kegiatan-kegiatan yang ada dalam perusahaan. Metode penulisan skripsi adalah metode FAST (Framework for the Application of System Techniques) dengan melakukan observasi atas sistem yang berjalan, melakukan wawancara dan studi kepustakaan untuk mengumpulkan data. Metode perancangan yang menggambarkan dengan menggunakan penggambaran sistem data flow diagram, entity relationship diagram, diagram aliran program, rancangan antarmuka, keluaran, serta rencana implementasi dari sistem yang diusulkan. Aplikasi ini dirancang dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Microsoft Visual Basic sebagai program aplikasinya dan SQL Server 2005 sebagai databasenya. Hasil analisa ini diharapkan mampu memperbaiki kelemahan pada sistem yang sedang berjalan dan mampu memberikan informasi yang lebih cepat, tepat dan akurat, dan membantu CV. Mega Design Palembang dalam meningkatkan persediaan, penjualan dan pembelian yang ada dalam perusahaan

Cell Propagation of Cholera Toxin CTA ADP-Ribosylating Factor by Exosome Mediated Transfer

In this study, we report how the cholera toxin (CT) A subunit (CTA), the enzyme moiety responsible for signaling alteration in host cells, enters the exosomal pathway, secretes extracellularly, transmits itself to a cell population. The first evidence for long-term transmission of CT's toxic effect via extracellular vesicles was obtained in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. To follow the CT intracellular route towards exosome secretion, we used a novel strategy for generating metabolically-labeled fluorescent exosomes that can be counted by flow cytometry assay (FACS) and characterized. Our results clearly show the association of CT with exosomes, together with the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) molecules, proteins required for translocation of CTA across the ER membrane into the cytoplasm. Confocal microscopy showed direct internalization of CT containing fluorescent exo into CHO cells coupled with morphological changes in the recipient cells that are characteristic of CT action. Moreover, Me665 cells treated with CT-containing exosomes showed an increase in Adenosine 3',5'-Cyclic Monophosphate (cAMP) level, reaching levels comparable to those seen in cells exposed directly to CT. Our results prompt the idea that CT can exploit an exosome-mediated cell communication pathway to extend its pathophysiological action beyond an initial host cell, into a multitude of cells. This finding could have implications for cholera disease pathogenesis and epidemiology

Methyltrioxorhenium catalysed synthesis of highly oxidised aryltetralin lignans with anti-topoisomerase II and apoptogenic activities

A novel and efficient procedure to prepare highly oxidised aryltetralin lignans, such as isopodophyllotoxone and (-)-aristologone derivatives, by oxidation of podophyllotoxin and galbulin with methylrhenium trioxide (MTO) and novel MTO heterogeneous catalysts is reported. It is noteworthy that in the case of isopodophyllotoxone derivatives the functionalisation of the C-4 position of the C-ring and the ring-opening of the D-lactone moiety increased the activity against topoisomerase II while causing the undesired inhibition of tubulin polymerisation to disappear. The novel (-)-aristologone derivatives showed apoptogenic activity against resistant human lymphoma cell lines.L'articolo è disponibile sul sito dell'editore: http://www.sciencedirect.co

A multicenter experience using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for cats with chronic, non-responsive gingivostomatitis.

BackgroundThe ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to modulate immune responses inspired a series of clinical trials addressing oral mucosal inflammation. We previously reported on the safety and efficacy of fresh, allogeneic and autologous, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) to treat feline gingivostomatitis (FCGS), an oral mucosal inflammatory disease that shares similarities with human oral lichen planus.MethodsTo meet clinical demand and goals for future commercialization, we determined the feasibility of shipping fresh ASCs to distant clinics and extended our pilot studies to expand safety and efficacy data for shipped and non-shipped ASCs in a cohort of 18 FCGS cats enrolled locally and at a few different locations within the USA.ResultsWe found that ASCs retained their viability, phenotype, and function after shipment. ASCs administered systemically resulted in a 72% positive response rate, identical to that noted in our previous studies. Cats that responded to ASC therapy had a significant decrease in circulating globulin concentration and histological evidence of decreased CD3+ T cells and CD20+ B cells in the oral mucosa. Responder cats also had significantly decreased percentages of CD8lo cells in blood prior to and at 3 months post-ASC therapy. CD8lo cells may serve as a potential "predictor" for response to systemic ASC therapy.ConclusionFresh feline ASCs can be successfully shipped and administered to cats with FCGS. ASCs modulate the immune response and demonstrate efficacy for chronic oral mucosal inflammatory lesions that are characterized by CD8+ T cell inflammation and T cell activation. FCGS is a potentially useful naturally occurring large animal model of human oral inflammatory diseases

An efficient and stereoselective dearylation of asarinin and sesamin tetrahydrofurofuran lignans to acuminatolide by methyltrioxorhenium/H2O2 and UHP systems

The synthesis of stereoisomers of acuminatolide is rare and requires complex and time-consuming multistep procedures. Asarinin (1) and sesamin (2), two diasteromeric tetrahydrofurofuran lignans, are efficiently mono-dearylated by methyltrioxorhenium (MTO, I) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or urea hydrogen peroxide adduct (UHP) as primary oxidant to give (-)-(7R,8'R,8R)-acuminatolide (3A) and (+)-(7S,8R,8'R)-acuminatolide (3B), respectively, in high yield and diastereoselectivity (de > 98%). The oxidation of 1 was also performed with novel heterogeneous catalysts based on the heterogenation of MTO on poly(4-vinylpyridine) and polystyrene resins. In these latter cases 3A was obtained with a different yield and selectivity depending on the physical-chemical properties of the support. Cytotoxic effects of 3A and 3B in mammalian cell lines in vitro are also reported

Decrease in blood pressure, body mass index and glycemia after aerobic training in elderly women with type 2 diabetes

FUNDAMENTO: O processo de envelhecimento associa-se ao desenvolvimento de várias doenças, que podem ser amenizadas pela prática de atividades físicas. O treinamento aeróbico é um meio efetivo para manter e melhorar as funções cardiovasculares. Além disso, desempenha um papel fundamental na prevenção e tratamento de diversas doenças crônico-degenerativas, em especial o diabete melito. OBJETIVO: Verificar os efeitos de 13 semanas de treinamento aeróbico sobre a pressão arterial, o índice de massa corpórea e a glicemia em idosas com diabete tipo 2. MÉTODOS: Onze mulheres idosas diabéticas (61,0 ± 9,1 anos de idade), sedentárias, realizaram 13 semanas de treinamento aeróbico, compondo o grupo G2. Onze idosas (60,2 ± 6,8 anos de idade) controladas não realizaram exercícios físicos durante a pesquisa, constituindo o grupo-controle (G1). O grupo G1 foi submetido somente a orientações educativas uma vez na semana, e o grupo G2, a caminhadas três vezes na semana. RESULTADOS: Houve redução significativa da glicemia e da pressão arterial diastólica nos dois grupos. Não foram encontradas reduções significativas no IMC após o treinamento aeróbico em ambos os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Treze semanas de treinamento aeróbico foi suficiente para promover reduções significativas na pressão arterial diastólica e glicemia, portanto, esse tipo de exercício reduz os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e metabólicas.BACKGROUND: The aging process is associated with the development of several diseases, which can be attenuated by the practice of physical activities. Aerobic training is an effective method to maintain and improve cardiovascular function. Additionally, it has a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of several chronic-degenerative diseases, especially diabetes mellitus. }OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of a 13-week aerobic training program on blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI) and glycemia levels in elderly women with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). METHODS: Eleven sedentary elderly women with DM2, aged 61.0 ± 9.1 years, were submitted a 13-week aerobic training program, constituting group G2. Eleven controlled elderly women (aged 60.2 ± 6.8 years) were not submitted to the aerobic training, constituting the control group (G1). G1 attended educational lectures once a week, whereas G2 walked three times a week. RESULTS: Both groups presented a significant decrease in glycemia and diastolic blood pressure levels. No significant decreases in BMI were observed after the aerobic training in either group. CONCLUSION: The 13-week aerobic training program was enough to promote significant decrease in the diastolic blood pressure and glycemia levels; therefore, this type of exercise training decreases the risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases