The investigation of the relationship between BRICS-T stock markets, gold and brent oil prices with time varying causality test

Bu çalışmada BRICS-T ülke borsaları ile ons altın ve Brent petrol fiyatları arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda zamanla değişen nedensellik testi vasıtasıyla söz konusu değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin dönemsel farklılıkları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. 5 Kasım 1995 – 29 Aralık 2019 döneminin incelendiği çalışmada haftalık veriler kullanılmış olup, elde edilen bulgulara göre BRICS-T borsaları ile hem ons altın hem de Brent petrol fiyatı arasında çift yönlü zamana bağlı nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedensellik ilişkisinin yerel ve küresel kriz dönemlerinde kuvvetlendiği görülmüştür. Söz konusu bulgular BRICS-T borsaları, altın ve Brent petrol yatırımcıları için kıymetli bilgiler sunmaktadır.In this paper, it is aimed to reveal the relationship between BRICS-T stock markets, gold ounce and Brent oil prices. For this purpose, periodic differences of the relationships between the mentioned variables are tried to be revealed through the time varying causality test. Weekly data were used in the study, which examined the period of 5th Nov., 1995 - 29th Dec., 2019, and according to the findings, the presence of a two-way time-varying causal relationship between both gold ounce and Brent oil prices with BRICS-T stock markets was determined. This causality relationship has been observed to strengthen in local and global crisis periods. These findings provides valuable information for BRICS-T stock market, gold and Brent oil investors

Treatment of chronic anal fissure: Is open lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) a safe and adequate option?

Summary: Background: Anal fissure which is defined as a longitudinal tear in anoderm under the dentate line is one of the most common benign diseases of anorectal area, and due to the severe pain during the defecation and emotional stress that it causes may reduce people's quality of life. There are several treatment methods such as medical substances and surgical procedures. In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the safe and adequate option of lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) in chronic anal fissure treatment. Methods: This study is a retrospective study in which 417 patients who were treated for chronic anal fissure were included. Results: Of 417 patients included in the study, 228 (54.7%) were female and the mean ± SD age was 36.1 ± 8.96 years (ranging from 17 to 73 years). Major complaints of patients; pain, bleeding, constipation, pruritus, perianal discharge.Recurrence occurred in 15 patients (3.6%) (12 males, three females) and eight patients (1.9%) developed incontinence (four with gas, four with soiling and seven females, one male). The complaints of all patients with gas incontinence and a patient with fluid incontinence regressed, whereas three patients had permanent fluid incontinence. Conclusion: LIS is still the gold standard for the treatment of chronic anal fissure when the physicians would like to avoid recurrence and obtain the best pain relief. Keywords: Chronic anal fissure, Incontinence, LIS, Recurrence, Satisfactio

Turkish Oncology Group

Background: An association between the ABO blood group and the risk of certain malignancies, including pancreatic and gastric cancer, has been reported previously. However, it is unclear whether this association is valid for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In this study, ABO blood groups and the Rh factor were investigated in a series of GIST cases. Material and Methods: In 162 patients with GIST, blood group and Rh factor were examined and compared with a control group of 3,022,883 healthy volunteer blood donors of the Turkish Red Crescent between 2004 and 2011. The relationship of blood groups with tumor size, mitotic activity, and age were also evaluated. Results: Overall, the ABO blood group and Rh factor distributions of the 162 patients with GIST were similar to those of the general population. There were no significant differences between both ABO blood types and Rh factor in terms of tumor size, mitotic activity, and age. Conclusion: This is the first study reported on this issue. In our study, we didn't find any relationship between GIST and ABO blood group and Rh factor. However further studies with larger number of patients are needed to establish the role of blood groups in this population.WoSScopu