Does an(y) order exist within the Structural Art

Many authors have treated the beauty and aesthetics from the social and phylosofic point of view [Kant, Plato], whereas very few of them have meditated within the domain of Architecture let alone Structural Engineering [Leonhardt]. The Beautiful is beautiful, and the Ugly is ugly, but subjectivity apart, is any mean of defining a way or some Principles which can be of Guide for the designer. Is there any mathematics within the beauty, i.e., can the beauty be described in a mathematical way. It is a simple, yet a very difficult question answering, since both the beauty and aesthetics falls into the domain of feelings, whereas each human doesn\u27t feel the same when seing an object created by an another human. This Paper is represents a modest temptation to prove that it can be done.

On Form and Logic of Structures

In Civil Engineering, every structure harbours some degree of logic within it. Sometimes, it is easy to see it, while sometimes it lies somehow hidden and only a well informed eye can take hold of it. The Natural phenomena are dual in their manifestation. So are Tension and Compression, which represents the basic “genomes” of this interaction and are present within each structure from the simplest to the most complicated one. A structural form represents a physical manifestation of this invisible interplay, which, when in consonance with the natural flow of forces results not only in an economic but in a well proportionate and aesthetic structure – a work of art. Nowadays, the culture of putting unreserved belief on the results given by supercomputers slowly degraded in becoming a tradition. This paper calls for an increase to awareness within the community of structural engineers – by visiting some of the basic principles on which our profession holds on

PENGARUH ALAT BANTU AUDIO (LAGU SENAM CERIA) TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR DAN TINGKAT PARTISIPASI SISWA DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN JASMANI : Eksperimen pada Tunagrahita SMPLB di SLB Negeri Cileunyi Kabupaten Bandung

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu ingin mengetahui pengaruh alat bantu audio (lagu senam ceria) dapat memberikan peningkatan terhadap minat belajar dan tingkat partisipasi siswa dalam proses pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani siswa tunagrahita di SMPLB SLB Negeri Cileunyi. Metode penelitian menggunakan pre-experimental dengan one group pre-test post-test design. Variabel penelitian yaitu (1) variabel bebas alat bantu audio (lagu senam ceria) (2) variabel terikat: minat belajar, dan partisipasi siswa. Populasi penelitiannya adalah Siswa SLB Negeri Cileunyi kemudian yang dijadikan sampel sebanyak 5 orang siswa laki-laki dan 5 orang siswa perempuan. Berdasarkan pengolahan dan analisis data hasil dari pengujian dengan menggunakan SPSS 16.0. Untuk hipotesis semua data tersebut mempunyai nilai p < 0,05 sehingga ada perbedaan yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan alat bantu audio (lagu senam ceria). Jadi kesimpulannya pembelajaran dengan menggunakan alat bantu audio (lagu senam ceria) dapat meningkatkan minat belajar dan tingkat partisipasi siswa dalam proses pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani di SLB Negeri Cileunyi.;---This study aims to investigate the effect of audio learning and (lagu senam ceria) toward the student’s learning interests and the level of student’s participation in physical education learning process for mentally dissabled student’s in SMPLB SLB Negeri Cileunyi. The study used pre-experimental menthod with one group pretest posttest design. Research variables includes (1) free variable audio learning and (senam ceria song) (2) bound variable: learning interest and student’s participation. The research population was SLB Negri Cileunyi student’s with 5 male student’s and 5 female student’s as a sample. The data then processed and analyzed using SPSS 16.0. The hipotesis of the data is given p < 0,05 value. In order to see the significance difference between pre and post experiment using audio learning aid (senam ceria song). In conclusion. The use, of audio learning and in a learning process (senam ceria song) does improve learning interests and student’s level of participation in physical education learning in SLB Negeri Cileunyi

MEMPELAJARI REAKSI ISOMERISASI SAFROL DENGAN PEREAKSI KOH/n-BuOH DAN NaOH/CH2OHCH2OH

The studies have been done about the transformation of safrole into isosafrole. The transformation was done using reagents, namely KOH/n-BuOH and NaOH/CH2OHCH2OH. The purities of all products were tested with thin layer and gas chromatography. Thereafter the structures were identified with infrared spectrophotometers, NMR1H and 13C spectrometry, and mass spectrometry. The isomerization product of safrole into isosafrole with highest percentage yield (75%) was given NaOH/CH2OHCH2OH

EFEKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PADA SISTEM EMULSI MAYONES

Mayonnaise represent the system of emulsion of oil-in-water, where oil rate is 50-85%. Height of oil rate of mayonnaise causes of the oxidation reaction more easy. The aims of this research where to study the effectiveness of antioxidant on its system. The effectiveness of antioxidant in the system attributed by its polarity. The polarity of antioxidant was measured by determining of partition coefficient in octanol-water system (1:1). The effectiveness of antioxidants in the system were determined by Rancimat. Result of this research indicate that third type of antioxidants have the different polarity. The partition coefficient of butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) was 91%, t-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) was 79.9%, and trollox was 0.47 (32.0%). From the Test of Rancimat known that the most effective type of antioxidants was TBHQ

KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS V DALAM PEMECAHAN MASALAH

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang kemampuan representasi matematis siswa kelas V dalam pemecahan masalah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Partisipan penelitian terdiri atas 40 orang siswa kelas V. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui tes, wawancara, studi dokumentasi, dan observasi yang dilaksanakan selama satu minggu. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa, siswa dengan kemampuan pada kategori kelompok tinggi, secara umum menunjukkan penyelesaian masalah dengan menggunakan berbagai bentuk representasi seperti ikonik dan simbolik serta menghasilkan jawaban yang benar. Siswa dengan kemampuan pada kategori kelompok sedang, secara umum menunjukkan penyelesaian masalah dengan menggunakan berbagai bentuk representasi seperti ikonik dan simbolik namun beberapa siswa masih terdapat kesalahan jawaban dalam menyelesaikan masalah menggunakan representasi simbolik. Sedangkan siswa dengan kemampuan pada kategori kelompok rendah menunjukkan kecenderungan untuk menyelesaikan masalah dengan menggunakan representasi simbolik serta jawaban yang dihasilkan masih menunjukkan kesalahan. Kata Kunci: kemampuan representasi matematis, pemecahan masalah, siswa sekolah dasar. This study aims to obtain a picture of mathematical representation skills of fifth grade students in problem solving. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with case study design. The research participants consisted of 40 students in grade V. Data collection was carried out through tests, interviews, documentation studies, and observations carried out for one week. From this study the results were obtained that, students with abilities in the high group category generally showed problem solving using various forms of representation such as iconic and symbolic and produced correct answers. Students with ability in the medium group category generally showed problem solving using various forms of representation such as iconic and symbolic, but some students still have errors in answering problems using symbolic representations. Whereas students with low group ability showed a tendency to solve problems using symbolic representations and the resulting answers still showed errors. Keywords: mathematical representation skills, problem solving, elementary school student

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DARI DAUN LALAPAN (THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF LALAPAN LEAFS)

This Research was to determined of the total of phenol content and also to test the antioxidant activity of four lalapan leafs that are kemangi (sweet bacil, Ocinum Bacilicum), kemang (Mangifera kemanga), selada (cress) and also poh pohan (Pilea trinervina). The total of phenol content of extract of lalapan leafs determined as tannic acid, whereas the test of antioxidant activity determined by method of diene conjugation. The result of analysis indicated that the total of the highest phenol content is extract of kemang leaf (1,14 mg/g), followed by pohpohan (0,84 mg/g), kemangi (0,68 mg/g) and also selada (0,54 mg/g). Pursuant to concentration of diene conjugation, knew that the kemang has the highest activity than the other lalapan leafs

ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI EUGENOL DARI TANGKAI CENGKEH JENIS ZANZIBAR (Eugenia caryopillata, Thumb)

A research was done to isolate and identify eugenol from clove stalk of Zanzibar variety. Isolation of clove stalk oil was done using steam destilation technique, and for identification using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometer. The isolate from clove stalk oil of Zanzibar variety, fresh and dried variable has 0,565% and 0,485% yield. The oil was yellow and has cloves scent. From the test of clove stalk oil quality, fresh and dried variable was known that its water content were 0,22% and 0,33%., specific weight 1,027 and 1,068 g/mL., with refraction index 1,5186. Beside eugenol, GC-MS analyzes showed that other constituent component in clove stalk oilw were methyl benzena, methyl salisilat, caryophylin oxide, trans-caryophylin, a-Humulene. Eugenol can be isolate from clove stalk oil by the addition of NaOH, acidify with HCl and then extracted using petroleum eter as a solvent. Eugenol that obtained from clove stalk oil, fresh and dried variable were 66,47 % and 76,92%, respectively. Eugenol analysis from isolated clove stalk, fresh and dried variable has 90,10% and 93,96% purities, respectively. Eugenol obtained from fractionation was analyzes using GC, and spiking technique identification

THE EFFECT OF OUTCOMES IN THE TEACHING PRINCIPLES AND METHODS COURSE IN THE PEDAGOGICAL FORMATION PROGRAM ON PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS' SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS

The purpose of this research is to reveal the effect of the gains obtained in the teaching principles and methods course in the pedagogical training program implemented in education faculties in Turkey on the teacher self-efficacy beliefs of prospective teachers. The research is a descriptive study in pre-test and post-test screening model. The study group consisted of 350 prospective teachers studying in the pedagogical formation program of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Education in the spring semester of 2018-2019 academic year. In obtaining the data for the course of teaching principles and methods, the teaching self-efficacy scale, which was developed by Kuzu and Demir (2015) together with validity and reliability studies, was used. For the sub-dimensions of the scale, t-test was employed for unrelated samples to determine whether the scores of pre-test and post-test differed significantly from each other. Two-way variance analysis (ANOVA) was used for repeated measurements to determine whether the differences in the two tests were statistically significant. Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test was used to determine whether the data were normally distributed or not. According to the findings as a result of the analysis, self-efficacy beliefs of the participants increased significantly in all sub-dimensions of the scale. The teaching area where the self-efficacy increased the most was program development, while the areas where it increased the least were explanation in teaching and planning areas. The distribution of self-efficacy beliefs by gender revealed significant differences in favor of female teacher candidates compared to men. It was determined that prospective teachers showed significant differences depending on department variables and did not show significant differences depending on undergraduate education class variable.  Article visualizations