Características da madeira de Populus sp. e Platanus sp.

bitstream/CNPF-2009-09/30393/1/com_tec52.pd

Interprocess communication within the DIII-D plasma control system

The DIII-D tokamak fusion research experiment`s real-time digital plasma control system (PCS) is a complex and ever evolving system. During a plasma experiment, it is tasked with some of the most crucial functions at DIII-D. Key responsibilities of the PCS involve sub-system control, data acquisition/storage, and user interface. To accomplish these functions, the PCS is broken down into individual components (both software and hardware), each capable of handling a specific duty set. Constant interaction between these components is necessary prior, during and after a standard plasma cycle. Complicating the matter even more is that some components, mostly those which deal with user interaction, may exist remotely, that is to say they are not part of the immediate hardware which makes up the bulk of the PCS. The four main objectives of this paper are to (1) present a brief outline of the PCS hardware/software and how they relate to each other; (2) present a brief overview of a standard DIII-D plasma cycle (a shot); (3) using three sets of PCS sub-systems, describe in more detail the communication processes; and (4) evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of said systems

Geração de emprego e agregação de valor em propriedades rurais através de uma serraria móvel, região de Erechim, RS.

bitstream/CNPF-2009-09/44290/1/pesq-andam-73.PD

Current status of DIII-D real-time digital plasma control

This paper describes the current status of real-time digital plasma control for the DIII-D tokamak. The digital plasma control system (PCS) has been in place at DIII-D since the early 1990s and continues to expand and improve in its capabilities to monitor and control plasma parameters for DIII-D fusion science experiments. The PCs monitors over 200 tokamak parameters from the DIII-D experiment using a real-time data acquisition system that acquires a new set of samples once every 60 {micro}s. This information is then used in a number of feedback control algorithms to compute and control a variety of parameters including those affecting plasma shape and position. A number of system related improvements has improved the usability and flexibility of the DIII-D PCS. These include more graphical user interfaces to assist in entering and viewing the large and ever growing number of parameters controlled by the PCS, increased interaction and accessibility from other DIII-D applications, and upgrades to the computer hardware and vended software. Future plans for the system include possible upgrades of the real-time computers, further links to other DIII-D diagnostic measurements such as real-time Thomson scattering analysis, and joint collaborations with other tokamak experiments including the NSTX at Princeton

A flexible software architecture for tokamak discharge control systems

The software structure of the plasma control system in use on the DIII-D tokamak experiment is described. This system implements control functions through software executing in real time on one or more digital computers. The software is organized into a hierarchy that allows new control functions needed to support the DIII-D experimental program to be added easily without affecting previously implemented functions. This also allows the software to be portable in order to create control systems for other applications. The tokamak operator uses an X-windows based interface to specify the time evolution of a tokamak discharge. The interface provides a high level view for the operator that reduces the need for detailed knowledge of the control system operation. There is provision for an asynchronous change to an alternate discharge time evolution in response to an event that is detected in real time. Quality control is enhanced through off-line testing that can make use of software- based tokamak simulators

Diagnóstico da produção e comercialização de plantios florestais na região do Alto Uruguai, RS.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo ampliar o conhecimento dos produtores, pesquisadores e da resistência técnica sobre a oferta da produção de florestas implantadas entre os anos de 1993 a 1998 e o comportamento da demanda atual de produtos e subprodutos florestais na região do Alto Uruguai do Rio Grande do Sul. Ele visa fornecer subsídios a novas estratégias de utilização e ampliação dos reflorestamentos naquela região. O estudo foi baseado em 200 questionários aplicados a produtores rurais que implantaram florestas e 100 a agroindústria e comerciantes de florestas, em 19 municípios da região. De 1993 a 1998, 90% das mudas comercializadas pela COTREL foram de pinus e eucaliptos, possibilitando a implantação de 3.152 hectares de floresta, ou seja, 525, 3 ha/ano, dos quais 84,4% com eucalipto. Há perdas médias estimadas de 30% das mudas plantadas. As ofertas de matéria prima proveniente dos reflorestamentos com eucalipto e pinus foram estimadas considerando regimes de manejos visando produção de toras para serraria. Assim, considerando que os reflorestamentos vêm sendo desbastados, foi simulado mais de um desbaste aos 14 anos e corte final aos 21 anos. A demanda de matéria prima em 1999, estima em 175.000m(cúbicos), indica a necessidade de corte de 7 mil hectares por ano, que é 12 vezes maior do que tem sido palmito com a oferta anual de mudas pela COTREL. Por outro lado, um melhor aproveitamento dos reflorestamentos implantados pode ser obtido com a implantação de serrarias portáteis, por exemplo, com capacidade de processar 1.800m (cúbicos) por ano, nove poderiam estar operando a partir de 2007 na região. Pode-se projetar, ainda, até cem serrarias a partir de 2014. A matéria prima adquirida pelo setor agroindustrial e comercial do Alto Uruguai tem 75% de sua origem na região do Alto Uruguai e provém dos estados de Mato Grosso (5,7%) , Paraná (4,8%), Santa Catarina (14,5%). A tendência dos agroindústria e comerciantes quanto ao futuro em sua maioria, prevêem o crescimento. Entre os problemas relevantes levantados pode-se verificar como o mais importante a questão que envolve a qualidade de matéria prima, em 26%. Há pequena conscientização dos produtores para os diferentes usos de florestas plantadas. Os gastos anuais dos produtores na compra de madeira foram estimados em 470,00 em 1998 e R$ 345,00 em 1999, por propriedade. O uso de uma serraria móvel na região pode gerar dois empregos fixos e as taxa interna de retorno é de 18% ao ano. O uso de mão-de-obra foi estimado em 7 empregados por empresa agroindustrial. mas, há predominância de pequenas fábricas familiares de móveis. A perda da cultura florestal pelos produtores, a necessidade de manutenção do fluxo financeiro familiar, no curto prazo, falta de conhecimento do mercado para produtos e subprodutos oriundos da madeira, diminui o interesse pela produção florestal na região.bitstream/item/17061/1/doc51.pd

Produção e comercialização de madeira de plantios florestais na região do Alto Uruguai, RS.

Edição especial de Erva-mate

GSK-3β Function in Bone Regulates Skeletal Development, Whole-Body Metabolism, and Male Life Span

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK-3β) is an essential negative regulator or “brake” on many anabolic-signaling pathways including Wnt and insulin. Global deletion of GSK-3β results in perinatal lethality and various skeletal defects. The goal of our research was to determine GSK-3β cell-autonomous effects and postnatal roles in the skeleton. We used the 3.6-kb Col1a1 promoter to inactivate the Gsk3b gene (Col1a1-Gsk3b knockout) in skeletal cells. Mutant mice exhibit decreased body fat and postnatal bone growth, as well as delayed development of several skeletal elements. Surprisingly, the mutant mice display decreased circulating glucose and insulin levels despite normal expression of GSK-3β in metabolic tissues. We showed that these effects are due to an increase in global insulin sensitivity. Most of the male mutant mice died after weaning. Prior to death, blood glucose changed from low to high, suggesting a possible switch from insulin sensitivity to resistance. These male mice die with extremely large bladders that are preceded by damage to the urogenital tract, defects that are also seen type 2 diabetes. Our data suggest that skeletal-specific deletion of GSK-3β affects global metabolism and sensitizes male mice to developing type 2 diabetes. (Endocrinology 154: 3702–3718, 2013

Effect of Profiles and Shape on Ideal Stability of Advanced Tokamak Equilibria

OAK-B135 The pressure profile and plasma shape, parameterized by elongation ({kappa}), triangularity ({delta}), and squareness ({zeta}), strongly influence stability. In this study, ideal stability of single null and symmetric, double-null, advanced tokamak (AT) configurations is examined. All the various shapes are bounded by a common envelope and can be realized in the DIII-D tokamak. The calculated AT equilibria are characterized by P{sub 0}/<P> {approx} 2.0-4.5, weak negative central shear, high q{sub min} (> 2.0), high bootstrap fraction, an H-mode pedestal, and varying shape parameters. The pressure profile is modeled by various polynomials together with a hyperbolic tangent pedestal, consistent with experimental observations. Stability is calculated with the DCON code and the resulting stability boundary is corroborated by GATO runs