Florística e análise de similaridade de espécies arbóreas da mata da Praia do Totó, Pelotas, RS, Brasil

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050987548The floristic survey of tree species was performed in a ‘Restinga’ forest, municipality of Pelotas, RioGrande do sul State, Brazil. The area studied is known as ‘Mata da Praia do Totó’(‘Totó’ beach forest),and comprises a remnant formed by a sandy and turf ‘Restinga’ forest. A total 65 native species weresampled comprising 51 genera distributed in 34 families. The family with the greatest number of specieswasMyrtaceae, with ten species, followed bySalicaceaeandRubiaceae.The most representative generawereMyrsineandEugenia,respectivelly sampled with four and three species. The analysis of similaritysampled that the sandy forest is floristically related to riparian and hillside forests and the forest peat isrelated to other forests located in areas of permanent water saturation of soil. Species richness of the siteis high for ‘Restinga’ forests in Rio Grande do Sul state, probably due to the influence of forests located inSerra dos Tapes and by diversity of the environments that make up the study area.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050987548O levantamento florístico de espécies arbóreas foi realizado em uma mata de restinga no município de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O local de estudo é conhecido como Mata da Praia do Totó e compreende um remanescente formado por ambientes de matas de restinga arenosa e turfosa. Foi amostrado um total de 65 espécies nativas compreendendo 51 gêneros distribuídos em 34 famílias.A família que apresentou o maior número de espécies foi Myrtaceae com dez espécies, seguida de Salicaceae e Rubiaceae. Os gêneros mais representativos foram Myrsine e Eugenia, respectivamente com quatro e três espécies. A análise de similaridade amostrou que a mata arenosa é floristicamente relacionada com florestas ciliares e de encosta e a mata turfosa com outras florestas localizadas em áreas de saturação hídrica permanente do solo. A riqueza de espécies do local é elevada para matas de restinga no Rio Grande do Sul, provavelmente pela influência de florestas situadas na Serra dos Tapes e pela diversidade de ambientes que compõem a área de estudo

Estrutura do componente arbóreo em uma área de floresta ribeirinha na bacia do rio Piratini, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

A vegetação estudada pertence ao bioma Pampa e é classificada como Savana Arbórea Aberta que se caracteriza por apresentar um estrato herbáceo e outro arbóreo, e pela presença de matas de galeria. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo de descrever a estrutura arbórea das matas dessa bacia (31º35’33”S e 53º02’39”W), contribuindo ao conhecimento das formações florestais da metade sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram amostrados em 0,5ha todos os indivíduos vivos ou mortos em pé, com DAP ≥ 5cm. De cada indivíduo foi anotada a espécie, diâmetro a altura do peito - DAP e a altura estimada. Nos 702 indivíduos vivos inventariados, foram encontradas 40 espécies em 25 famílias. A família Myrtaceae foi a que apresentou maior riqueza com sete espécies, seguida de Salicaceae com quatro e Lauraceae com três espécies, Anarcadiaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae e Sapindaceae apresentaram duas espécies. As demais famílias tiveram apenas uma espécie amostrada. Foram contadas 53 árvores mortas e ainda em pé, o que corresponde a 7,5% dos indivíduos vivos. O maior valor de importância foi de Lithraea brasiliensis March. A diversidade Shannon foi estimada em 2,99 nats (J’ = 0,81), um dos mais altos valores registrados para estudos realizados acima do paralelo 30ºS

Structure of the tree component in an area of riparian forest in the Piratini River Basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

The vegetation studied belongs to the Pampa biome. The vegetation of this region is described as Open Arboreal Savanna because it presents a herb stratum and an arboreal stratum with a gallery forest. This study aims to describe the structure of the forest trees of the Basin (31º35’33”S and 53º02’39”W) contributing to knowledge of forest formation in the southern half of Rio Grande do Sul. All living or standing dead individuals in an area of 0.5ha with DBH ≥ 5cm were sampled. Each individual was recorded for its species, diameter at breast height – DBH, and estimated height. Of the 702 living individuals inventoried, 41 species belonging to 25 families were recorded the Myrtaceae family presented the greatest richness with seven species, followed by Salicaceae with four and Lauraceae with tree species. Anarcadiaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae and Sapindaceae each showed two species. The other families sampled consisted of a single species only. About 53 individuals were counted dead, corresponding to 7.5% in relation to the quantity of living individuals. The highest importance value was attributed to Lithraea Brasliensis March. The Shannon diversity was estimated to be 2.99 nats (J’=0.81), one of the highest values registered below the 30º south parallel

Evolution over Time of Ventilatory Management and Outcome of Patients with Neurologic Disease∗

OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in ventilator management over time in patients with neurologic disease at ICU admission and to estimate factors associated with 28-day hospital mortality. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of three prospective, observational, multicenter studies. SETTING: Cohort studies conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2016. PATIENTS: Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 20,929 patients enrolled, we included 4,152 (20%) mechanically ventilated patients due to different neurologic diseases. Hemorrhagic stroke and brain trauma were the most common pathologies associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Although volume-cycled ventilation remained the preferred ventilation mode, there was a significant (p < 0.001) increment in the use of pressure support ventilation. The proportion of patients receiving a protective lung ventilation strategy was increased over time: 47% in 2004, 63% in 2010, and 65% in 2016 (p < 0.001), as well as the duration of protective ventilation strategies: 406 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2004, 523 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2010, and 585 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2016 (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the length of stay in the ICU, mortality in the ICU, and mortality in hospital from 2004 to 2016. Independent risk factors for 28-day mortality were age greater than 75 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II greater than 50, the occurrence of organ dysfunction within first 48 hours after brain injury, and specific neurologic diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and brain trauma. CONCLUSIONS: More lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been implemented over years in neurologic patients with no effect on pulmonary complications or on survival. We found several prognostic factors on mortality such as advanced age, the severity of the disease, organ dysfunctions, and the etiology of neurologic disease