Distribution of annual rainfall in homogeneous regions through data mining techniques in southern Brazil.

This study aimed to transform time series of annual data of precipitation of Rio Grande do Sul in homogeneous precipitation regions through clustering techniques (data mining).Resumo em português: Distribuição da precipitação pluvial anual em regiões homogêneas por meio de mineração de dados, no sul do Brasil. SIC 2015

A modernização agropecuária nas microrregiões do estado de Minas Gerais

Este estudo objetivou identificar e caracterizar grupos distintos de microrregiões homogêneas quanto ao grau de modernização agropecuária no Estado de Minas Gerais. Para tanto foram empregadas as técnicas de análise fatorial e de análise de agrupamento, a fim de obter os fatores que refletem o padrão tecnológico e cujas relações permitam formar grupos de microrregiões semelhantes. Foram identificados 10 grupos distintos de microrregiões homogêneas, cada um possuindo combinação distinta dos fatores encontrados e que reflete o seu nível tecnológico. Os grupos encontrados constituem informação preliminar para aplicação localizada de políticas de apoio ao setor, bem como para a tomada de decisão por parte dos agentes da iniciativa privada

Produção de milho em sucessão com feijão em área manejada com e sem queima de resíduos orgânicos.

O uso do fogo, embora necessario em algumas atividades, é uma prática condenável, uma vez que causa impactos negativos como o aumento da concentração de gases de efeito estufa na atmosfera, redução da atividade biológica e alteração das propriedades fisicas e químicas dos solos. Para avaliar os componentes de produção e a produtividade da cultura do milho foram conduzidos dois experimentos: I - Com queima dos resíduos orgânicos, e II - sem queima dos resíduos orgânicos. Os tratamentos foram compostos por quatro doses de resíduos orgânicos (O, 15, 30 e 45 Mg ha-1); dois tipos de adubação (AOE-adubação exclusiva com resíduos orgânicos de poda e AOM - adubação organomineral que consistiu da mistura da AOE + adubação mineral recomendada para a o milho) e duas safras de milho (2007 e 2008). Foram avaliados: altura de planta, altura da inserção da primeira espiga, massa de 1000 grãos e a produtividade. Independentemente da queima dos resíduos, apenas na segunda safra foi possível observar efeitos significativos do tipo de adubação, quando todas as variáveis apresentaram os maiores valores nas subparcelas que receberam adubação organomineral

Cyclobenzaprine raises ROS levels in Leishmania infantum and reduces parasite burden in Infected mice

11 p.-5 fig. Ferreira Cunha-Júnior, Edézio et al.Background The leishmanicidal action of tricyclic antidepressants has been studied and evidences have pointed that their action is linked to inhibition of trypanothione reductase, a key enzyme in the redox metabolism of pathogenic trypanosomes. Cyclobenzaprine (CBP) is a tricyclic structurally related to the antidepressant amitriptyline, differing only by the presence of a double bond in the central ring. This paper describes the effect of CBP in experimental visceral leishmaniasis, its inhibitory effect in trypanothione reductase and the potential immunomodulatory activity.Methodology/Principal Findings In vitro antileishmanial activity was determined in promastigotes and in L. infantum-infected macrophages. For in vivo studies, L. infantum-infected BALB/c mice were treated with CBP by oral gavage for five days and the parasite load was estimated. Trypanothione reductase activity was assessed in the soluble fraction of promastigotes of L. infantum. For evaluation of cytokines, L. infantum-infected macrophages were co-cultured with BALB/c splenocytes and treated with CBP for 48 h. The supernatant was analyzed for IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, IFN-γ and TNF-α. CBP demonstrated an IC50 of 14.5±1.1μM and an IC90 of 74.5±1.2 μM in promastigotes and an IC50 of 12.6±1.05 μM and an IC90 of 28.7±1.3 μM in intracellular amastigotes. CBP also reduced the parasite load in L. infantum-infected mice by 40.4±10.3% and 66.7±10.5% in spleen at 24.64 and 49.28 mg/kg, respectively and by 85.6±5.0 and 89.3±4.8% in liver at 24.64 and 49.28mg/kg, after a short-term treatment. CBP inhibited the trypanothione reductase activity with a Ki of 86 ± 7.7 μM and increased the ROS production in promastigotes. CBP inhibited in 53% the production of IL-6 in infected macrophages coculture.Conclusion/Significance To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report of the in vivo antileishmanial activity of the FDA-approved drug CBP. Modulation of immune response and induction of oxidative stress in parasite seem to contribute to this efficacy.This work was supported by Programa Estratégico de Apoio à Pesquisa em Saúde,FIOCRUZ/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - www.cnpq.br, (PAPES/ CNPq 407680/2012-8 to ECTS and 407590/2012-9 to EEAA), Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro ± www.faperj.br (Fellow and grant E-26/010.001828/2016 to EFCJ), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientõÂfico e TecnoloÂgico (CNPq/Universal grant 470627/2013-1 to EEAA), São Paulo Research Foundation - www.fapesp.br (FAPESP 2015/23403-9 to AGT),Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad FEDER - www.idi.mineco.gob.es/ (SAF2015-65740-R) and Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa-FEDER -www.isciii.es/ (RD12/0018/0007) (to LR).Peer reviewe

ESTAÇÕES agrometeorológicas automáticas.

As estações agrometeorologicas automaticas tem por finalidade monitorar as condições climáticas, permitindo quantificar a evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) e a precipitação pluviométrica, elementos climáticos indispensáveis para o manejo da irrigação das culturas. Equipe técnica: Aderson Soares de Andrade Júnior, Edson Alves Bastos, Valber Mendes Ferreira e Antonio Guaraná Mendes.bitstream/CPAMN-2009-09/22247/1/estacoes_agromet_automatic.pd

Behaviour and performance of lactating sows housed in different types of farrowing rooms during summer

AbstractThirty mixed-parity Landrace×Large White sows were used to evaluate the effects of the type of farrowing room on 28-day lactation behaviour under tropical conditions during summer. The sows were allocated in a completely randomised design with three treatments with 10 replicates according to parity number and body weight, with each animal being considered an experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a conventional farrowing room (T1); a conventional farrowing room with floor cooling under the sow (T2); and a semi-outdoor farrowing room without a cage and with access to a fenced field (T3). The sows from T1 and T2 groups were exposed to mean maximum and minimum environmental temperatures of 25.7 and 21.0°C, respectively, and the sows from the T3 group to average maximum and minimum environmental temperatures of 26.5 and 20.7°C, respectively. The feed consumption of T3 sows was numerically higher than the T1 and T2 sows (+9.5% on average). The body-weight loss was influenced at 28days (P<0.10) by treatment, being that the T3 sows gained weight (+4.7kg) while the T1 and T2 sows lost weight (−11.9 and −3.7kg, respectively for T1 and T2). The T3 sows showed a higher percentual litter mortality than the T1 and T2 sows (3.2% vs. 0% vs. 7.8%, respectively for T1, T2 and T3 sows). From farrowing until day 28 of lactation, the T2 and T3 sows showed higher lactation efficiency when compared with the T1 sows (72% vs. 87% vs. 88%, respectively for T1, T2 and T3 sows). The T1 sows showed higher (P<0.01) frequencies of visits to the feeder and drinker (+38% on average). The T3 sows spent more time (P<0.01) at the drinker than T1 and T2 sows (23 vs. 23 vs. 32min, respectively for T1, T2 and T3 sows). The T3 sows showed a higher (P<0.10) frequency of nursing than the other treatments (+15% on average). T1 and T2 sows were found to spend more time (P<0.01) performing other postures during 24h than sows maintained in T3 (50 vs. 51 vs. 22min/d, respectively for T1, T2 and T3). It is concluded that cooling of the floor under the sow in the conventional farrowing room or the use of semi-outdoor farrowing rooms improves the thermal environment and the lactation efficiency of the sows housed in hot ambient temperatures at 28-day lactation in the summer period, indicating an improved welfare