Elaboração de muffins adicionados de espinafre e isentos de lactose e glúten

Due to the concern with the maintenance of health, together with the increase in people with dietary restrictions, mainly allergies and intolerances, it was necessary to develop products that would serve this audience. In this sense, this study aims to prepare and characterize muffins added with spinach and free from lactose and gluten, in order to serve people with allergies and intolerances. Four muffin formulations were made: F1 (standard formulation: no spinach added, F2 (formulation with 25% addition of spinach leaves), F3 (formulation with 50% addition of spinach leaves), F4 (formulation with added 75% spinach leaves) keeping the same proportion for the other ingredients. Physical, chemical, microbiological, and sensory characterization were performed. The insertion of spinach reduced the diameter and thickness of the muffins with a variation of up to 8%. The moisture content increased as the amount of spinach increased. The muffins were colored in black and green. All formulations showed microbiological stability. The sensorial acceptability was expressive, with scores higher than 6, with samples being preferred to formulations F1 and F2. Thus, viability was observed in the production of muffins added with spinach and free from lactose and gluten. All formulations showed physical, chemical, and microbiological stability, being considered suitable for consumption.Devido à preocupação com a manutenção da saúde, juntamente com o aumento de pessoas com restrições alimentares, principalmente alergias e intolerâncias, se fez necessário a elaboração de produtos que atendesse esse público. Neste sentido, este estudo teve como objetivo à elaboração e caracterização de muffins adicionados de espinafre e isentos de lactose e glúten, a fim de atender pessoas portadoras de alergias e intolerâncias. Foram elaboradas quatro formulações de muffins: F1 (formulação padrão: sem adição de espinafre, F2 (formulação com adição de 25% de folhas de espinafre), F3 (formulação com adição de 50% de folhas de espinafre), F4 (formulação com adição de 75% de  folhas de espinafre) mantendo a proporção para os demais ingredientes. Foi realizada a caracterização física, química, microbiológica e sensorial. A inserção de espinafre conferiu diminuição no diâmetro e na espessura dos muffins, com variação de até 8%. O teor de umidade teve aumento à medida que aumentou a quantidade de espinafre. Os muffins apresentaram cor com tonalidade para o preto e verde. Todas as formulações apresentaram estabilidade microbiológica. A aceitabilidade sensorial foi expressiva, com notas superiores a 6, sendo as amostras preferidas aas formulações F1 e F2. Assim, foi observada viabilidade na produção de muffins adicionados de espinafre e isentos de lactose e glúten. Todas as formulações apresentaram estabilidade física, química e microbiológica, sendo considerados aptos ao consumo

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora