Regulando a cultura: o impacto da regulação da internet na cultura e na criatividade

A Internet liga tudo e todos e facilita a transmissão de informação e conhecimento entre pessoas. A par disto existe também a partilha de obras artísticas, chegando qualquer criação de qualquer artista a qualquer pessoa em qualquer ponto do globo. No entanto a Internet tem vários perigos e por isso existe quem defenda que é preciso proteger as pessoas de alguma forma, podendo isto traduzir-se em várias formas de regulação, a nível nacional ou internacional, não existindo nenhum consenso sobre o que regular ou como o fazer, nem mesmo entre aqueles que se encontram dentro da temática. Mas visto que a regulação acaba por afectar aquilo a que as pessoas têm acesso, a cultura/criatividade acabam por ser afectadas também, afectando de forma diferente os utilizadores consoante o seu grau de envolvimento com estas áreas.The Internet connects everything and everyone and facilitates the transmission of information and knowledge among people. Alongside this there is also the sharing of artistic works, reaching any creation of any artist to anyone anywhere in the globe. However the Internet has many dangers and therefore some argue that there is need to protect people in some way, and this can result in various forms of regulation, at a national or international level, and there is no consensus on how and what to regulate, even among those who study these areas. But since the regulation ultimately affects what people have access to, culture/creativity will ultimately be affected, also affecting users differently depending on their degree of involvement in these areas

Effect of calcium concentration on calcite flotation from apatite using carbonic gas

The most widely industrial flotation process for the treatment of phosphate ores containing carbonate as gangue minerals, especially in China, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, use strong acids, such as H3PO4 and H2SO4 as apatite depressants, and the carbonate minerals (especially calcite and dolomite) are selectively floated with the use of fatty acids as collectors at pH between 5.5 - 6.0. The flotation process currently considered for apatite concentration for the Santa Quitéria ore (Brazil) was developed in the middle of the 1980´s at the Center for Development of Nuclear Technology and involves bulk flotation of apatite and calcite with anionic collector (fatty acid soap) at pH=10 followed by calcite flotation at pH=5.5, adjusted with H3PO4. Calcite is collected in the froth phase and apatite concentrate is the sink product. Although this concept is efficient from the point of view of separation between apatite and calcite, the intensive use of strong inorganic acids (\u3e15 kg/t) causes accumulation of ions in the process water, in particular Ca2+ and PO42-, which leads to problems in the flotation stage and also environmental. Process water containing large amounts of calcium, magnesium, fluoride and phosphate (phosphorus) directly influences the performance of apatite flotation (recovery and grade). Guimarães and Peres (1999) evaluated the effect of ions (dosed in the conditioning stage) on the flotation of barite and apatite. In both cases, the recovery decreased significantly as the ion concentration increased. Based on these results, limited ion concentrations as 20 mg/L ions Ca2+ and 30 mg/L Mg2+ were proposed to ensure the quality of recirculating water without impairing the flotation process. Santos et al. (2010) presents results of the effect of the ions concentration Ca2+, Mg2+, F- and PO42- on apatite recovery. The recovery of apatite decreases expressively with the increase in the concentration of fluoride, calcium, magnesium and phosphate ions, reaching a maximum reduction of 85% in apatite recovery. According to Hanna and Somasundaran (1976), the collector reacts with the calcium present in the apatite and also the Ca2+addition consumes the available collector for the mineral, resulting in a significantly reduction in apatite recovery. Aquino (1985) carried out studies with the Santa Quitéria ore evaluating the effects of calcium and magnesium ions concentration on the apatite flotation. The results indicated that concentrations of 49 mg/L Ca2+ and 30 mg/L Mg2+, the recovery decreased from 94.2% to 53.3% for P2O5 and for CaCO3 from 89.6% to 37.5%. CETEM has been studying a process for the separation of carbonate minerals and apatite that involves the use of carbonic gas injected into the bubble generation system of flotation machines instead of strong inorganic acids. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of Ca2+ ion concentration on the water just in the calcite flotation stage of Santa Quiteria’s ore. For the tests carried out with addition of Ca2+ ions, the concentrations above 95 mg/L, a reduction in the selectivity of the process is observed, since a tendency in the increase of the apatite flotation is evidenced, noted by the increase of the content of P2O5 in the floated fraction. For tests carried out recirculating the process water, the accumulation of Ca2+ ions from 8 mg/L to 285 mg/L increases apatite content in the calcite concentrate around 30%. However, at concentrations above 285 mg/ L of Ca2+ ions, the P2O5 content in the sink fraction and the P2O5 losses are not significantly affected. The results obtained in this study indicate that the process based on the application of CO2 for the separation of calcite and apatite may be a technical alternative for the concentration ores with carbonated gangue that causes less impact in the process residual water, since there is no addition of strong acids as apatite depressant. Aquino, JA 1985. Influência de alguns íons sobre a flotação de apatita do minério de Itataia. In: Encontro Nacional de Tratamento de Minérios, Natal. Proceedings XL Encontro Nacional de Tratamento de Minérios e Metalurgia Extrativa; 1985, Natal, Brasil (In Portuguese). Hanna HS, Somasundaran P. Flotation: Gaudin Memorial Volume. Ed Fuerstenau MC, New York: American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers 1976. Flotation of salt-type minerals, p.197-272. Guimarães RC, Peres AEC. Interfering Ions in the Flotation of a Phosphate Ore in a Batch Column. Minerals Engineering 1999,757-768. Santos MA, Santana RC, Capponi F, Ataide, CH, Barrozo MAS. Effect of ionic species on the performance of apatite flotation, Separation and Purification Technology 2010, v.76,15-20

Common mental disorders prevalence among maritime workers of Rio de Janeiro

Objective: To describe the prevalence of common mental disorders among seafarers. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 316 employees in a water transport company. Research was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research under number CAAE 0271.0.258.258-11, data collection was conducted in 2012. The variable common mental disorder was investigated according to the Self Reporting Questionnaire. Results: It was found 14.24% of prevalence. It was noted that the depressed and anxious mood symptoms group was the most significant. Female gender, family income below average, high weekly working hours, self-reported stress, thinking of abandoning job, category machinery sailor, sedentary lifestyle and not smoking were associated with common mental disorder. Conclusion: The creation of occupational consistent projects is necessary, with multidisciplinary teams, in order to promote health and quality of life in the workplace and mental disorders reduction

Why not "do simple things in a simple way": Use of the Pap test as the first step in screening genetic stability for human cultured stem cell therapy?

The aim of this study was to analyze adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) using the Pap test as a first screening step to evaluate genetic stability. Human adipose tissue from six healthy female donors was obtained from elective liposuction procedures. The cells were isolated, cultivated at P2/P3, characterized by flow cytometric analysis, and differentiation induced. The AT-MSCs were stained by Papanicolaou staining and analyzed according to the Bethesda classification, and viability-apoptosis relationships were evaluated. The results of the Pap test for Sample I indicated high-grade alterations consistent with genetic instability; for Samples II-V, atypical cells of undetermined significance; and for Sample VI, normal cells. These results demonstrate the potential of using the Pap test as an initial screening step to evaluate the genetic stability of cultured AT-MSCs and also suggest its use for other adherent cells such as embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells

Overview of Chagas disease surveillance in an endemic region in Southeastern Brazil

Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It has high morbidity and mortality rates and mainly affects socially vulnerable populations. This is a cross-sectional study, with retrospective and prospective data collection. Using questionnaires applied to environmental surveillance coordinators, we characterized the status of CD surveillance activities in municipalities endemic for the disease in Northern Minas Gerais State (MG) and Jequitinhonha Valley (Vale do Jequitinhonha). Moreover, we spatialized the vulnerability index for chronic CD in the study area. The population consisted of 22 environmental surveillance coordinators, active in 2020, from Northern MG and Jequitinhonha Valley, 21 municipalities included in the SaMi-Trop research project, and Montes Claros municipality. After applying the questionnaires to the coordinators, a descriptive analysis of the variables was performed. To characterize the active municipalities, the explanatory variables collected in the questionnaire were compared with the dichotomous variable. Bivariate descriptive analysis was performed. Finally, geoprocessing techniques were used to spatialize the data and prepare maps. Regarding the team of endemic combat agents (ECA), 90.9% reported the lack of a specific team for CD vector control actions. Of the 22 municipalities participating in this study, nine were active (41.1%). Only 25% (n=2) of active municipalities (9% of the municipalities studied) met the target of visiting 50% of households per year. Finally, 81.1% of the coordinators stated that in their municipality, they developed actions linked to primary health care (PHC). The implementation of CD surveillance activities weakened in the endemic region. Few municipalities have a surveillance team, with low regularity of active surveillance and noncompliance with the program’s goal. The results suggest insufficient recording of activities in the information system, considering that there are municipalities that report performing the activities, but no production record was observed in the system

Exercise-Based Interventions as a Management of Frailty Syndrome in Older Populations: Design, Strategy, and Planning

Exercise-based interventions emerged as the best alternative for treating frailty syndrome (FS). Recognized as a complex phenotype, the FS is a multifaceted aging expression determined by biologic, environment, and behaviors factors. The biological theories of human development perceive aging process as an accumulation of harmful biochemical changes, whose occurrence attends the course of life. The progressive losses of functional reserves that occur in the body systems are a hallmark of this negative process. Despite the biological effects of physical and cognitive decline, more contemporary studies have identified that the environmental and behavior factors such as malnutrition and negative psychological adjustment across the life span also contribute to the early appearance of FS. Notwithstanding the latest findings that consistently demonstrate an overall positive benefit of long-term-based exercise in the decrease and/or reversal of the FS with a substantial impact on their correlated outcomes, the focus of this chapter is to present strategies for designing exercise programs for this type of population, taking into account their practical application in the field

HABILIDADES DESEJADAS PARA O COMBATE A CRIMES FINANCEIROS: percepção em uma instituição federal

A deflagração de grandes operações de combate à corrupção pela Polícia Federal é resultado do fortalecimento no país da web of accountability institutions, rede de entidades que atuam na supervisão, investigação e punição de atos relacionados a condutas administrativas. Este artigo analisa o perfil de servidor público que atua no combate a crimes financeiros, indicando possíveis gaps entre habilidades desejadas e encontradas nesses profissionais. Também é objeto de investigação a percepção desses profissionais quanto à comparação entre contabilidade forense e perícia criminal. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo por meio da aplicação de questionário estruturado no âmbito da Polícia Federal. O resultado apontou qualidades consideradas pelos policiais como relevantes para o combate a crimes financeiros e revelou que não há pleno alcance de algumas habilidades desejadas, principalmente no que se refere ao uso de ferramentas computacionais. Ademais, as evidências sugerem que há incerteza se a contabilidade forense e a perícia criminal são a mesma atividade. O avanço proporcionado pela pesquisa se revela no amadurecimento da discussão em torno do perfil profissional adequado para o enfrentamento dos crimes financeiros e na maior divulgação da contabilidade forense no Brasil

Galacto-oligosaccharides production during lactose hydrolysis by free Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase and immobilized on magnetic polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol

The synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) by the action of Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase free and immobilized on magnetic polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol (mPOS-PVA) was studied. A maximum GOS concentration of 26% (w/v) of total sugars was achieved at near 55% lactose conversion from 50%, w/v lactose solution at pH 4.5 and 40 °C. Trisaccharides accounted for more than 81% of the total GOS produced. GOS formation was not considerably affected by pH and temperature. The concentrations of glucose and galactose encountered near maximum GOS concentration greatly inhibited the reactions and reduced GOS yield. GOS formation was not affected by enzyme immobilization in the mPOS-PVA matrix, indicating the absence of diffusional limitations in the enzyme carrier. Furthermore, this water insoluble magnetic derivative was reutilized 10-times and retained about 84% of the initial activity. In addition, the kinetic parameters for various initial lactose concentrations were determined and compared for the free and immobilized enzyme.David F. M. Neri gratefully acknowledges support by the Programme Alpan, the European Union Programme of High Level Scholarships for Latin America (Scholarship No. E05D057787BR). Luiz B. Carvalho Jr. is recipient of a scholarship of the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq)

Elza Soares : de los pinos a la carne negra

Este artigo propõe investigar aspectos da trajetória da cantora Elza Soares a partir das noções de autenticidade e "atrevimento" na tentativa de compreender como se deu o processo recente de consagração da artista perante as audiências brasileiras. Acreditamos haver uma "tensão produtiva" na carreira da artista resultado da disputa em torno dessas noções por parte da crítica especializada, do público e da própria cantora. Essa tensão, além de ser a força social responsável por criar e recriar formas de performatizar a feminilidade, a negritude e o seu pertencimento geracional, expressa-se na maneira como a marginalidade relativa de Elza Soares diante do cânone popular conferiu-lhe uma capacidade renovada de ressignificar sua própria trajetória. Outro efeito dessa tensão produtiva diz respeito ao relativo silenciamento acerca das marcas raciais e de gênero que teria caracterizado a carreira de outros músicos negros no Brasil. Na persona da Elza Soares, geralmente chamada de "rainha" por seus fãs, tais marcas convertem-se em recursos de ação dinamizados sob a forma tanto de escolhas estéticas quanto de convenções narrativas da trajetória da cantora. Ao invés do silêncio, a consagração de Elza Soares perante o público de hoje parece emanar da super-enunciação de sua negritude, de sua feminilidade, de sua experiência com a pobreza articuladas à geração – todas sobremarcadas mediante símbolos materializados em seu corpo e em sua história.This article investigating aspects of the trajectory of the singer Elza Soares from the notions of authenticity and "boldness" in an attempt to understand how the recent process of consecration of the artist occurred before Brazilian audiences. We believe there is a "productive tension" in the artist's career as a result of the dispute over these notions by specialized critics, the public and the singer herself. This tension, in addition to being the social force responsible for creating and recreating ways to perform femininity, blackness and its generational belonging, is expressed in the way in which the relative marginality of Elza Soares before the popular canon gave her a renewed capacity to reframe their own trajectory. Another effect of this productive tension is related to the relative silence about racial and gender marks that would have the career of other black musicians in Brazil. In the persona of Elza Soares, generally called "queen" by her fans, these brands become dynamic action resources in the form of both aesthetic choices and narrative conventions of the singer's trajectory. As a result of the silence, the consecration of Elza Soares to today's audience seems to emanate from the super-enunciation of her blackness, her femininity, her experience with poverty articulated to the generation - all marked by symbols materialized in her body and in its history.Este artículo propone investigar los aspectos de la trayectoria de la cantante Elza Soares desde las nociones de autenticidad y "atrevimiento" en un intento por comprender cómo se desarrolló el reciente proceso de consagración del artista ante el público brasileño. Creemos que existe una "tensión productiva" en la carrera de la artista producto de la disputa sobre estas nociones por parte de la crítica especializada, el público y la propia cantante. Esta tensión, además de ser la fuerza social responsable de crear y recrear formas de realizar la feminidad, la negritud y su pertenencia generacional, se expresa en la forma en que la relativa marginalidad de Elza Soares ante el canon popular le dio una capacidad renovada. para replantear su propia trayectoria. Otro efecto de esta tensión productiva está relacionado con el relativo silencio sobre las marcas raciales y de género que tendría la carrera de otros músicos negros en Brasil. En la persona de Elza Soares, generalmente llamada "reina" por sus fanáticos, estas marcas se convierten en recursos dinámicos de acción en forma de elecciones estéticas y convenciones narrativas de la trayectoria de la cantante. Como resultado del silencio, la consagración de Elza Soares al público de hoy parece emanar de la superenunciación de su negrura, su feminidad, su experiencia con la pobreza articulada a la generación, todo marcado por símbolos materializados en su cuerpo y en su historia