DIAGNÓSTICO PRELIMINAR E PROPOSTA DE ADEQUAÇÃO PARA O USO EFICIENTE DA ÁGUA NO HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO DO OESTE DO PARANÁ

Este artigo descreve as informações relevantes e caracteriza os problemas relativos ao desperdício de água no Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná - HUOP, bem como o potencial de conservação e uso eficiente da água através de reciclagem de água na lavanderia e utilização de equipamentos economizadores. O procedimento metodológico utilizado correspondeu à compilação dos diversos trabalhos desenvolvidos e métodos criados por diversos programas de uso racional da água já implantado no Brasil. A correção dos vazamentos nos aparelhos de consumo representa uma economia mensal de 34,4 a 34,6 m³ no consumo de água. A instalação de equipamentos economizadores representa uma economia mensal no consumo de água de 106 a 203 m³. A adequação do sistema de captação da água visando maximizar a eficiência do uso de água do poço proporcionará uma economia mensal de aproximadamente 1600 a 2000 m³ no consumo de água, ou seja, economia de R$6.024,20 a R$ 7.480,60. As informações publicadas neste trabalho podem servir como ponto de partida para a elaboração de um programa de conservação e reuso da água, que por sua vez poderá ser implantado como política institucional conferindo ao HUOP a imagem de um hospital sustentável

Diesel engine performance and emission analysis using soybean biodiesel

Biodiesel presents a large potential for replacing other fossil-based fuels. Thus, the present work aimed to assess the specific fuel consumption (SFC), thermal efficiency and emissions of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), in a cycle diesel engine-generator set, using soybean biodiesel and diesel as fuels. The experiment was carried out at Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE), Cascavel Campus. The engine-generator set used in the study was a model BD 6500CF with 7.36 kW (10 cv) of power and 5.5 kVA/5.0 kW of nominal power, with an average output tension of 120/240 V monophase. Fuels used were soybean biodiesel (B100) and diesel oil (B0). Nominal loads applied varied between 1.0 and 5.0 kW. In order to quantify gas emissions, a combustion and emission quality analyzer was used; model PCA®3, Bacharach inc. Soybean biodiesel presented an average consumption increase of 4.3% in all resistive loads, what shows large potential for the usage of soybean biodiesel in the generation of energy, without causing raises in the specific fuel consumption. Soybean biodiesel efficiency has proved to be superior to that of diesel in all resistive loads. As for the emissions, soybean biodiesel provided a reduction of 64% (NO) and 54% (NOx) when compared with diesel oil.Keywords: Combustion gases, energy generation, specific fuel consumptionAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(19), pp. 2633-263

Health Complexity Assessment in Primary Care : a validity and feasibility study of the INTERMED tool

Acknowledgments We would like to thank Professor Craig Ramsay for his comments on this work during an international meeting held at the Health Services Research Unit of the University of Aberdeen in July 2019.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Influência das alterações degenerativas endometriais e da idade hemodinâmica do trato reprodutivo de éguas após a inseminação artificial e durante as fases iniciais do desenvolvimento embrionário

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a relação entre a intensidade de alterações degenerativas endometriais e da idade com a hemodinâmica uterina durante o período posterior à infusão de sêmen (Experimento 1) e durante a fase inicial da gestação (Experimento 2). Vascularidade, contratilidade e índices Doppler do útero foram mensurados durante as 12 primeiras horas pós-inseminação artificial (IA) no experimento1. Não foi observado (P>0,1) efeito da posição do folículo pré-ovularório sobre a hemodinâmica e contratilidade uterina. Um aumento na vascularidade foi detectado (P0,05). Um aumento na atividade contrátil do útero foi detectado (P0,05). No experimento 2, os parâmetros citados acima, além de características luteais (área e vascularidade) e diâmetro da vesícula embrionária foram avaliados diariamente em éguas gestantes e não gestantes. Aumento e diminuição, respectivamente, na vascularidade e índices Doppler uterinos foram detectados (P0.1) by pre-ovulatory follicle position. Increased uterine vascularity was observed (P0.05) through the experiment 1 age groups (younger and older mares) mares with moderate endometrial degeneration. Independently of the age and endometrial degenerative changes, increased uterine contractility was observed (P 0.05). Mean luteal vascularity and plasmatic... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in mares

Background: Doppler ultrasonography is a non-invasive real time pulse-wave technique recently used for the transrectal study of the reproductive system hemodynamics in large animals. This technic is based in the Doppler Effect Principle that proposes the change in frequency of a wave for an observer (red blood cells) moving relative to the source of the respective wave (ultrasonic transducer). This method had showed to be effective and useful for the evaluation of the in vivo equine reproductive tract increasing the diagnostic, monitoring, and predictive capabilities of theriogenology in mares. However, an accurate and truthful ultrasonic exam requires the previous knowledge of the Doppler ultrasonography principles. Review: In recent years, the capabilities of ultrasound flow imaging have increased enormously. The current Doppler ultrasound machines offer three methods of evaluation that may be used simultaneously (triplex mode). In B-mode ultrasound, a linear array of transducers simultaneously scans a plane through the tissue that can be viewed as a two-dimensional gray-scale image on screen. This mode is primarily used to identify anatomically a structure for its posterior evaluation using colored ultrasound modes (Color or Spectral modes). Colored ultrasound images of flow, whether Color or Spectral modes, are essentially obtained from measurements of moving red cells. In Color mode, velocity information is presented as a color coded overlay on top of a B-mode image, while Pulsed Wave Doppler provides a measure of the changing velocity throughout the cardiac cycle and the distribution of velocities in the sample volume represented by a spectral graphic. Color images conception varies according to the Doppler Frequency that is the difference between the frequency of received echoes by moving blood red cells and wave frequency transmitted by the transducer. To produce an adequate spectral graphic it is important determine the position and size of the simple gate. Furthermore, blood flow velocity measurement is influence by the intersection angle between ultrasonic pulses and the direction of moving blood-red cells (Doppler angle). Objectively colored ultrasound exam may be done on large arteries of the reproductive tract, as uterine and ovary arteries, or directly on the target tissue (follicle, for example). Mesovarium and mesometrium attachment arteries also can be used for spectral evaluation of the equine reproductive system. Subjectively analysis of the ovarian and uterine vascular perfusion must be done directly on the corpus luteum, follicular wall and uterus (endometrium and myometrium associated), respectively. Power-flow imaging has greater sensitivity to weak blood flow and independent of the Doppler angle, improving the evaluation of vessels with small diameters and slow blood flow. Conclusion: Doppler ultrasonography principles, methods of evaluation and reproductive system anatomy have been described. This knowledge is essential for the competent equipment acquisition and precise collection and analysis of colored ultrasound images. Otherwise, the reporting of inconsistent and not reproducible findings may result in the discredit of Doppler technology ahead of the scientific veterinary community

Uterine and luteal hemodynamic evaluation of the non pregnant mare

Background: Studies with Doppler ultrassonography started at the end of the 90s for the determination of physiological and pathological alterations in the reproductive tract of the mare. Uterine alterations caused by inflammation, response from seminal plasma infusion, hormonal variations during estrous and diestrus, pregnancy and action of various vasoactive factors influence on the vascular perfusion detected by Doppler ultrasound. The development of efficient methods for uterine quality evaluation is of big importance for field equine reproduction veterinarians, once uterine environment is responsible for pregnancy maintenance. Review: Nowadays, the most used methods of uterine evaluation are the mode B ultrassonography, cytology, culture and biopsy. Hemodynamic evaluation of the uterus can be done by spectral data collected from large vessels, as A. uterine and its ramifications, or from subjective or objective evaluations from endometrium, miometrium and mesometrium attachment, which provide data referent to local and specific alterations of the evaluated area. Alterations in uterine vascular perfusion has been detected during estrous cycle, during pregnancy and in cases of infusion of inflammatory substances. These alterations happen because of vasoactive substances that act in the uterus during these events, however, most of these vasoactive substances are probably not even known. Also, important hemodynamic alterations in old mares, as an increase in vascular resistance, have been described. This increase might result from fibrosis of the uterus and in women it is considered to be a cause of infertility. In mares, periglandular fibrosis of the endometrium is considered to be the major diagnosable cause of embryonic and fetal loss in older mares. For the CL, ovarian artery of the mare supplies the ovary as well as the oviduct and therefore can be used for evaluation of these areas. The CL evaluation can also be done by the percentage of luteum area with colored signals as an indicator of the extent of blood flow. The percentage of the CL area with colored signals is determined subjectively by images observations in real time and/or by a freezing Power Doppler cross-section image with the maximum number of color pixels taped and the total number of color pixels is assessed by a computer analysis system. Therefore, a high correlation between plasmatic progesterone and CL vascularization also allows the CL evalution by this technique. In a first report, CL circulation reached its maximum on D5, the progesterone concentration in peripheral blood increased until D7 and in a posterior report, maximum perfusion was achieved two days after the maximum progesterone concentration (D8). Blood flow reduced between D10-D14 some days before the plasma progesterone decrease and, during the luteolytic period (D15-D17), the decline in CL blood-flow area was greater than blood flow decrease. Conclusion: Doppler ultrassonography add knowledge about uterine viability and CL functionality can be easily used by veterinarians in the field. It is a noninvasive method that provides real time results. However, because of the short time studies in this area have been done, many other answers still need to be found until normal and pathological patterns will be established

Uterine vascular perfusion and spectral-doppler measurements during early gestation in mares: new concepts of evaluation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP