Degree of infestation of red belt thrips in cashew clones intercropped with fruit trees / Grau de infestação do tripes-da-cinta-vermelha em clones de cajueiro consorciados com fruteiras

Among the species of phytophagous thrips that attack the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale), the red belt thrips (Selenotripes rubrocinctus) is the species of greatest economic importance due to the damage it causes, the wide geographical distribution, and the attack of the cashew tree in all ages of the plant, This work aimed to evaluate the degree of infestation of red belt thrips in dwarf cashew clones CCP 76, BRS 226, BRS 189, in field conditions, intercropped with three different fruit trees, at the Experimental Field of Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, in the municipality of Pacajus-CE, Brazil. The evaluation of the attack in the three genotypes was based on a system that recommends using grades that varied from one to five when it was verified in the plant. The cashew clones were arranged in four blocks where each clone was intercropped with banana, watermelon, and papaya, in addition to the control treatment (single cashew). Five consecutive evaluations were carried out during the period from September 29 to December 19, 2017. The study showed that pest infestations were more intense in cashew trees intercropped with fruit trees, whereas in the consortium with banana trees, the intensity of the attack was higher than in consortia with other fruit trees. This result is probably due to the environmental conditions imposed by the greater shade of the banana trees. Over the evaluation period, infestations showed a slight downward trend for the three clones evaluated. The BRS 226 clone proved to be the most preferred by thrips in conditions of intercropping with banana

Management practices for postdural puncture headache in obstetrics: a prospective, international, cohort study

© 2020 British Journal of AnaesthesiaBackground: Accidental dural puncture is an uncommon complication of epidural analgesia and can cause postdural puncture headache (PDPH). We aimed to describe management practices and outcomes after PDPH treated by epidural blood patch (EBP) or no EBP. Methods: Following ethics committee approval, patients who developed PDPH after accidental dural puncture were recruited from participating countries and divided into two groups, those receiving EBP or no EBP. Data registered included patient and procedure characteristics, headache symptoms and intensity, management practices, and complications. Follow-up was at 3 months. Results: A total of 1001 patients from 24 countries were included, of which 647 (64.6%) received an EBP and 354 (35.4%) did not receive an EBP (no-EBP). Higher initial headache intensity was associated with greater use of EBP, odds ratio 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.19–1.41) per pain intensity unit increase. Headache intensity declined sharply at 4 h after EBP and 127 (19.3%) patients received a second EBP. On average, no or mild headache (numeric rating score≤3) was observed 7 days after diagnosis. Intracranial bleeding was diagnosed in three patients (0.46%), and backache, headache, and analgesic use were more common at 3 months in the EBP group. Conclusions: Management practices vary between countries, but EBP was more often used in patients with greater initial headache intensity. EBP reduced headache intensity quickly, but about 20% of patients needed a second EBP. After 7 days, most patients had no or mild headache. Backache, headache, and analgesic use were more common at 3 months in patients receiving an EBP

Management practices for postdural puncture headache in obstetrics : a prospective, international, cohort study

Background: Accidental dural puncture is an uncommon complication of epidural analgesia and can cause postdural puncture headache (PDPH). We aimed to describe management practices and outcomes after PDPH treated by epidural blood patch (EBP) or no EBP. Methods: Following ethics committee approval, patients who developed PDPH after accidental dural puncture were recruited from participating countries and divided into two groups, those receiving EBP or no EBP. Data registered included patient and procedure characteristics, headache symptoms and intensity, management practices, and complications. Follow-up was at 3 months. Results: A total of 1001 patients from 24 countries were included, of which 647 (64.6%) received an EBP and 354 (35.4%) did not receive an EBP (no-EBP). Higher initial headache intensity was associated with greater use of EBP, odds ratio 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.19-1.41) per pain intensity unit increase. Headache intensity declined sharply at 4 h after EBP and 127 (19.3%) patients received a second EBP. On average, no or mild headache (numeric rating score <= 3) was observed 7 days after diagnosis. Intracranial bleeding was diagnosed in three patients (0.46%), and backache, headache, and analgesic use were more common at 3 months in the EBP group. Conclusions: Management practices vary between countries, but EBP was more often used in patients with greater initial headache intensity. EBP reduced headache intensity quickly, but about 20% of patients needed a second EBP. After 7 days, most patients had no or mild headache. Backache, headache, and analgesic use were more common at 3 months in patients receiving an EBP