Estudo da saúde mental positiva em jovens adultos: Relações entre psicopatologia e bem-estar

A investigação tem vindo a demonstrar que a saúde mental positiva e o bem-estar são mais do que a ausência de psicopatologia, desempenhando um importante papel na saúde em geral (Huppert, 2005). Este estudo teve como objetivo caraterizar a saúde mental positiva e a doença mental de uma amostra de 150 jovens adultos, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 30 anos de idade. Para a recolha de dados utilizamos a Escala de Bem-Estar Mental de Warwic--Edinburgh (Tennant et al., 2007), a versão reduzida da Escala Continuum de Saúde Mental (Keyes, 2002) e a Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stresse (Pais-Ribeiro, Honrado, & Leal, 2004). Os resultados indicaram que a maior parte dos participantes apresenta bons níveis de saúde mental positiva e níveis inferiores de psicopatologia, tendo sido encontradas correlações negativas entre ambas. Constatámos, ainda, que são os mais novos e os homens da amostra que apresentaram níveis mais elevados de saúde mental positiva. As mulheres e os desempregados foram os que apresentaram os níveis mais elevados de psicopatologia. Os resultados sublinham a necessidade de incluir medidas de avaliação da saúde mental positiva e bem estar no estudo da saúde em geral.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Estudo da saúde mental positiva em jovens adultos: Relações entre psicopatologia e bem-estar

A investigação tem vindo a demonstrar que a saúde mental positiva e o bem-estar são mais do que a ausência de psicopatologia, desempenhando um importante papel na saúde em geral (Huppert, 2005). Este estudo teve como objetivo caraterizar a saúde mental positiva e a doença mental de uma amostra de 150 jovens adultos, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 30 anos de idade. Para a recolha de dados utilizamos a Escala de Bem-Estar Mental de Warwic--Edinburgh (Tennant et al., 2007), a versão reduzida da Escala Continuum de Saúde Mental (Keyes, 2002) e a Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stresse (Pais-Ribeiro, Honrado, & Leal, 2004). Os resultados indicaram que a maior parte dos participantes apresenta bons níveis de saúde mental positiva e níveis inferiores de psicopatologia, tendo sido encontradas correlações negativas entre ambas. Constatámos, ainda, que são os mais novos e os homens da amostra que apresentaram níveis mais elevados de saúde mental positiva. As mulheres e os desempregados foram os que apresentaram os níveis mais elevados de psicopatologia. Os resultados sublinham a necessidade de incluir medidas de avaliação da saúde mental positiva e bem estar no estudo da saúde em geral.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

O papel do estado nutrológico no metabolismo das doenças crônico-catabólicas

Introduction: The incidence and prevalence of cardiac insufficiency in the west countries is increasing, turning it into a public health problem. The protein energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies is a complication of CI, making important the nutritional status evaluation in these patients. Objective: To evaluate the nutrological profile of patients with cardiac insufficiency. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study where 30 patients with CI from Cardiology Clinics of Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine- São Paulo University. The nutrological status was evaluated by food frequency questionnaire, questions regarding digestive tract function, observation of the presence of clinical signs that might indicate nutrient deficiency, anthropometry and bioeletrical impedance. Results: The protein intake was below the recommended level in 25% of the patients. The phosphorus intake was within the recommended level whereas the sodium intake was above. Regarding body mass index, 35% of the patients were classified as overweight and 21% as obese. Regarding skinfold measurements 35% of men and 40% of the women were classified as having adipose tissue deficit and in accordance with bioelectrical impedance analysis 8% presented percent body fat below the mean. Conclusion: This population of patients with CI showed deficient protein and micronutrient intake although the body mass index compatible with overweight and obesity. This finding makes urgent a closed look at dietary habit of CI patients

Harnessing Dendritic Cell Reprogramming to Elucidate Mechanisms of Tumor Immunity

The presence of conventional dendritic cells type 1 (cDC1) in the tumor correlates with positive treatment outcome. The ability to cross-present neoantigens and prime protective CD8+ T-cell responses, makes cDC1s central for tumor immunity. However, in tumors cDC1 are rare and often functionally impaired. Our group reported that overexpression of the transcription factors PU.1, IRF8 and BATF3 (PIB) converts mouse and human fibroblasts into cross-presenting cDC1-like cells. We employed the minimal gene regulatory network of highly immunogenic cDC1 and restored the immunogenicity of low immunogenic lung cancer and melanoma cell lines by reprogramming into professional tumor antigen presenting cells (tumor-APCs). Here, we report that upon transduction with PIB, 23 solid syngeneic cancer lines initiate reprogramming into cDC1-like cells expressing CD45 and MHC-II at efficiencies ranging from 0.5-57.7%. Functionally, PIB overexpression endows tumor cells with the capacity to cross-present exogenous antigen and prime naïve CD8+ T-cells. Adoptive transfer of ovalbumin cross-presenting B16 tumor-APCs into established ovalbumin expressing B16 tumors (B16-OVA) elicits tumor growth control and extends animal survival. Treated animals show a systemic antigen-specific T cell response against ovalbumin and endogenous tumor-associated antigen MuLV p15E. Intratumoral injection of reprogrammed B2905 and LLC into tumors shows differential response, correlating with their cross-presentation capacity. This approach combines cDC1 antigen cross-presentation abilities with the generation of tumor antigens. The induction of a cDC1 identity in tumor cells sets in motion T cell responses in vitro and in vivo. In the future of this project, dendritic cell reprogramming will be object in a 2-cell CRISPR/Cas9 screen using induced cDC1-like tumor cells and reporter T-cells to explore mechanistically cross-presentation regulators. The generation of cross-presenting tumor-APCs will be also used to map and characterize presented and cross-presented neoantigens. Finally, dendritic cell reprogramming of tumor cells will be explored in vivo by replenishing cDC1 within the tumor microenvironment through in vivo reprogramming. Ultimately, this project will provide insight into mechanisms of cross-presentation and pave the way for the development of novel cDC1-centric therapies

Modeling the impact of school reopening and contact tracing strategies on COVID-19 dynamics in different epidemiologic settings in Brazil

This study was funded by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) - Process # 402834/2020-8 (request for proposals MCTIC/CNPq/FNDCT/MS/SCTIE/Decit Number 07/2020). The funding sources played no role in the study design; collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data; writing the report, or decision to submit the paper for publication. MEB received a technological and industrial scholarship from CNPq (grant number 315854/2020-0). LSF received a masters scholarship from Coordination of Superior Level Staff Improvement (CAPES) (finance code 001). SP was supported by Sao Paulo State Research Support Foundation (FAPESP) (grant number: 2018/24037-4). CF was supported by FAPESP (grant number: 2019/26310-2 and 2017/26770-8). RAK has been supported by CNPq (grant number: 311832/2017-2) and FAPESP (contract number: 2016/01343-7). PIP has been supported by CNPq (grant number: 313055/2020-3). RSK has been supported by CNPq (proc. 312378/2019-0). MQMR received a postdoctoral scholarship from CAPES (grant number 305269/2020-8). CMT has been supported by CNPq productivity fellowship and the National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS) (proc: 465518/2014-1). AMB received a technological and industrial scholarship from CNPq (grant number 402834/2020-8). LMS received a technological and industrial scholarship from CNPq (grant number 315866/2020-9). JAFD-F has been supported by CNPq productivity fellowship and the National Institutes for Science and Technology in Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation (INCT-EEC), supported by MCTIC/CNPq (proc. 465610/2014-5) and FAPEG (proc. 201810267000023).Preprin

Efetivando as competências acadêmicas por meio da pesquisa em enfermagem: relato de experiencia / Effectivening academic skills through nursing research: experience report

Objetivo: relatar a experiência de um grupo de docentes com a prática de ensino interdisciplinar na graduação em enfermagem. Métodos: trata-se de um relato da vivência docente em uma instituição particular de saúde no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entre os meses de fevereiro a julho de 2018, utilizando como estratégia a organização e realização de um evento científico. Resultados: o conhecimento vivo e vivido foi construído desde a proposta de realização do evento, com a participação efetiva dos acadêmicos e os professores de enfermagem. Além de discutir e vivenciar as diferentes competências gerais segundo a grade curricular, a coletividade compreendeu que necessitava de comprometimento pessoal e de harmonia para que o trabalho do grupo alcançasse seus propósitos. Conclusão: a estratégia possibilitou a integração interdisciplinar e aproximou os alunos, reunindo-os em equipes e, no âmbito educacional, possibilitou desenvolver e reforçar habilidades e competências importantes para os profissionais de saúde

Modelling the impact of school reopening and contact tracing strategies on Covid-19 dynamics in different epidemiologic settings in Brazil

We simulate the impact of school reopening during the COVID-19 pandemic in three major urban centers in Brazil to identify the epidemiological indicators and the best timing for the return of in-school activities and the effect of contact tracing as a mitigation measure. Our goal is to offer guidelines for evidence-based policymaking. We implement an extended SEIR model stratified by age and considering contact networks in different settings – school, home, work, and community, in which the infection transmission rate is affected by various intervention measures. After fitting epidemiological and demographic data, we simulate scenarios with increasing school transmission due to school reopening, and also estimate the number of hospitalization and deaths averted by the implementation of contact tracing. Reopening schools results in a non-linear increase in reported COVID-19 cases and deaths, which is highly dependent on infection and disease incidence at the time of reopening. When contact tracing and quarantining are restricted to school and home settings, a large number of daily tests is required to produce significant effects in reducing the total number of hospitalizations and deaths. Policymakers should carefully consider the epidemiological context and timing regarding the implementation of school closure and return of in-person school activities. While contact tracing strategies prevent new infections within school en- vironments, they alone are not sufficient to avoid significant impacts on community transmission

Modeling the impact of child vaccination (5–11 y) on overall COVID-19 related hospitalizations and mortality in a context of omicron variant predominance and different vaccination coverage paces in Brazil

Background Developing countries have experienced significant COVID-19 disease burden. With the emergence of new variants, particularly omicron, the disease burden in children has increased. When the first COVID-19 vaccine was approved for use in children aged 5–11 years of age, very few countries recommended vaccination due to limited risk-benefit evidence for vaccination of this population. In Brazil, ranking second in the global COVID-19 death toll, the childhood COVID-19 disease burden increased significantly in early 2022. This prompted a risk-benefit assessment of the introduction and scaling-up of COVID-19 vaccination of children. Methods To estimate the potential impact of vaccinating children aged 5–11 years with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine in the context of omicron dominance, we developed a discrete-time SEIR-like model stratified in age groups, considering a three-month time horizon. We considered three scenarios: No vaccination, slow, and maximum vaccination paces. In each scenario, we estimated the potential reduction in total COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, deaths, hospitalization costs, and potential years of life lost, considering the absence of vaccination as the base-case scenario. Findings We estimated that vaccinating at a maximum pace could prevent, between mid-January and April 2022, about 26,000 COVID-19 hospitalizations, and 4200 deaths in all age groups; of which 5400 hospitalizations and 410 deaths in children aged 5–11 years. Continuing vaccination at a slow/current pace would prevent 1450 deaths and 9700 COVID-19 hospitalizations in all age groups in this same time period; of which 180 deaths and 2390 hospitalizations in children only. Interpretation Maximum vaccination of children results in a significant reduction of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths and should be enforced in developing countries with significant disease incidence in children

The Genome of the Zoonotic Malaria Parasite Plasmodium simium Reveals Adaptions to Host-switching

Oral Session