Broomrape weeds. Underground mechanisms of parasitism and associated strategies for their control: a review

SPE & AgrosupPôle GESTADBroomrapes are plant-parasitic weeds which constitute one of the most difficult-to-control of all biotic constraints that affect crops in Mediterranean, central and eastern Europe, and Asia. Due to their physical and metabolic overlap with the crop, their underground parasitism, their achlorophyllous nature, and hardly destructible seed bank, broomrape weeds are usually not controlled by management strategies designed for non-parasitic weeds. Instead, broomrape are in a current state of intensification and spread due to lack of broomrape-specific control programs, unconscious introduction to new areas and may be decline of herbicide use and global warming to a lesser degree. We reviewed relevant facts about the biology and physiology of broomrape weeds and the major feasible control strategies. The points of vulnerability of some underground events, key for their parasitism such as crop-induced germination or haustorial development are reviewed as inhibition targets of the broomrape-crop association. Among the reviewed strategies are those aimed 1) to reduce broomrape seed bank viability, such as fumigation, herbigation, solarization and use of broomrape-specific pathogens; 2) diversion strategies to reduce the broomrape ability to timely detect the host such as those based on promotion of suicidal germination, on introduction of allelochemical interference, or on down-regulating host exudation of germination-inducing factors; 3) strategies to inhibit the capacity of the broomrape seedling to penetrate the crop and connect with the vascular system, such as biotic or abiotic inhibition of broomrape radicle growth, crop resistance to broomrape penetration either natural, genetically engineered or elicited by biotic- or abiotic-resistance-inducing agents and 4) strategies acting once broomrape seedling has bridged its vascular system with that of the host, aimed to impede or to endure the parasitic sink such as those based on the delivery of herbicides via haustoria, use of resistant and tolerant varieties or implementation of cultural practices improving crop competitivenes

Influencia de los factores obstétricos, institucionales en el apego de la puérpera inmediata-recién nacido. Hospital Jorge Reátegui Delgado, Piura 2021

La investigación se realizó con el objetivo de determinar la influencia de los factores obstétricos, institucionales en el apego de la puérpera inmediata-recién nacido. Hospital Jorge Reátegui Delgado Piura, 2021.El enfoque fue cuantitativo, de nivel correlacional, el diseño fue no experimental, de corte transversal. La muestra de estudio fue de 124 puérperas inmediatas, el muestreo fue no probabilístico intencional. El instrumento utilizado fue validado a través de juicio de expertos. La fiabilidad en Alfa de Cronbach 0.886. Se obtuvo en los factores obstétricos, que el 51.6% de la muestra fueron multi gestas, 53.2% multíparas, 65.3% recibieron más de 6 atenciones, 52.4% poseen 37 a 39 semanas y el 37.1% son primíparas. En factores institucionales, el 60.5% recibieron información en atención prenatal acerca del apego, el 73.4% no recibieron información, 94.4% percibió inmediatamente el contacto piel a piel con el neonato, 49.2% estuvo 10 minutos con su recién nacido en la sala de partos, el 100% indica que cortaron el cordón umbilical del bebe entre 2 ?3 minutos y 40.3% estuvo 30 minutos después de su salida de sala de partos. Conclusión: existe influencia significativa entre los factores obstétricos e institucionales en el apego de la puérpera inmediata-recién nacido, Hospital Jorge Reátegui Delgado durante el periodo 2021.Obtenida en el Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, de 0.028 menor que 0.05Tesi

The HR department's contribution to line managers' effective implementation of HR practices

The implementation of human resource (HR) practices (HRPs) is increasingly regarded as a cornerstone in the achievement of overall HRMeffectiveness. This article addresses the role of the HR department in contributing to line managers’ (LMs) effective implementation of HRPs. It does so by comparing the actions of HR departments in both effective and ineffective implementation processes in different firms. Its findings reveal that HR departments can make a difference by taking initiatives that foster LMs’ implementation abilities, motivation and opportunities, such as deploying in-the-field HR specialists, framing practices in appealing ways, involving LMs in the development of HRPs and seeking CEO support, among others. By fleshing out these HR initiatives and linking them to the AMO framework, we build an inductive model that offers a more nuanced view of what HR departments can do to have their proposals effectively implemented by LMs.The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (ECO2012-37314)

Dot Immunobinding Assay for the Rapid Serodetection of Scedosporium/Lomentospora in Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Scedosporium; Cystic fibrosis; Serological detectionScedosporium; Fibrosi quística; Detecció serològicaScedosporium; Fibrosis quística; Detección serológicaThe detection of Scedosporium/Lomentospora is still based on non-standardized low-sensitivity culture procedures. This fact is particularly worrying in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), where these fungi are the second most common filamentous fungi isolated, because a poor and delayed diagnosis can worsen the prognosis of the disease. To contribute to the discovery of new diagnostic strategies, a rapid serological dot immunobinding assay (DIA) that allows the detection of serum IgG against Scedosporium/Lomentospora in less than 15 min was developed. A crude protein extract from the conidia and hyphae of Scedosporium boydii was employed as a fungal antigen. The DIA was evaluated using 303 CF serum samples (162 patients) grouped according to the detection of Scedosporium/Lomentospora in the respiratory sample by culture, obtaining a sensitivity and specificity of 90.48% and 79.30%, respectively; positive and negative predictive values of 54.81% and 96.77%, and an efficiency of 81.72%. The clinical factors associated with the results were also studied using a univariate and a multivariate analysis, which showed that Scedosporium/Lomentospora positive sputum, elevated anti-Aspergillus serum IgG and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection were significantly associated with a positive result in DIA, while Staphylococcus aureus positive sputum showed a negative association. In conclusion, the test developed can offer a complementary, rapid, simple and sensitive method to contribute to the diagnosis of Scedosporium/Lomentospora in patients with CF.This research was funded by the Basque Government, grant numbers IT1362-19 and IT1657-22. L.M-S and M.A have received a predoctoral grant from the Basque Government and L.A-F from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)

Simulation Study of the Effect of Decreasing Truck Traffic Flow on Safety on Almeria-Barcelona Corridor

[EN] In this paper the effect of truck traffic on road safety has been analyzed through simulation study. The main objective of the study is to quantify the effect of the decreasing average annual daily traffic of heavy duty vehicles (trucks) on road safety. As the road safety indicators the frequency road accidents is considered. The data used in the study were collected from one of the most crowded routes in Spain which connects Almeria (south-east) with Barcelona (northeast). The observed data covers year 2010 and were classified into 2 road types: dual carriageways and toll roads. The estimation was carried out using negative binomial model and Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation. Using the estimation results new traffic scenarios were proposed where the traffic flow is assumed to change its values. A total of 33 scenarios were proposed and new accidents data were generated through MCMC sampling. The comparison of the simulated and observed accident data shows that the effect of decreasing truck traffic flow could meliorate road safety in the route. The simulation tool could be applied to evaluate the effects of freight modal shift from road to rail.This work has been carried out in the framework of the MODALTRAM - TRA2011- 28647-C02-01 Research Project "Development of an integrated methodology for the assessment of effects on Safety and Environment, for the road and rail modal shift", of the Spanish National Research Plan 2011-2014, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO). The authors would also like to thanks the Community of Madrid, that contributed to this work through the SEGVAUTO-TRIES-CM (S2013-MIT2713) Programme.Dadashova, B.; Arenas Ramirez, B.; González Fernandez, C.; Aparicio Izquierdo, F. (2016). Simulation Study of the Effect of Decreasing Truck Traffic Flow on Safety on Almeria-Barcelona Corridor. En XII Congreso de ingeniería del transporte. 7, 8 y 9 de Junio, Valencia (España). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1649-1659. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4214OCS1649165

Inuloxin E, a New Seco-Eudesmanolide Isolated from Dittrichia viscosa, Stimulating Orobanche cumana Seed Germination

A new sesquiterpenoid belonging to the subgroup seco-eudesmanolides and named inuloxin E was isolated from Dittrichia viscosa, together with the already known sesquiterpenoids inuloxins A–D and -costic acid. Inuloxin E was characterized by spectroscopic data (essentially NMR and ESIMS) as 3-methylene-6-(1-methyl-4-oxo-pentyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-3H-benzofuran-2-one. Its relative configuration was determined by comparison with the closely related inuloxin D and chemical conversion of inuloxin E into inuloxin D and by the observed significant correlation in the NOESY spectrum. Both inuloxins D and E induced germination of the parasitic weed Orobanche cumana, but were inactive on the seeds of Orobanche minor and Phelipanche ramosa. The germination activity of some hemisynthetic esters of inuloxin D was also investigated

Impact of the mobility alteration on air pollution over different cities: A vision for citizen awareness

[EN] Every year the concern from environmental pollution increases as it affects human health. In the current paper, it is analyzed the evolution of the air quality in different cities on international level related to the reduction in mobility trend due to the emergence of the pandemic. The air pollution is studied in order to achieve healthier cities in the future and create an awareness for the citizens. The COVID-19 pandemic situation was declared during the first months of 2020 and has shown (indirectly) the effects that restrictions on human activity and road traffic have on atmospheric pollutant values. This pandemic condition derived, in most cases, in mobility restrictions in order to decrease the spread of the virus through the density of population in different places and, as a result of these restrictions, pollutant presence decreased equally. This article analyzes some of the largest cities around the world, such as Tsuen Wan district in Hong Kong (China), Los Angeles (USA), London (UK), Sao Paulo (Brazil), Bangalore (India), Johannesburg (South Africa), and Sydney (Australia) in order to check the different mobility restriction policies established in each location, and how those restrictions led to decrease the levels of some pollutant particles such as NO2 in the atmosphere. This should serve as a focus of awareness of the city and political interests of how it affects human activity, and those measures should be taken to reduce pollutants.The authors are grateful for the support of the Institute of Materials Technology of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (Spain)Cárcel-Carrasco, J.; Martínez-Corral, A.; Aparicio Fernandez, CS.; Kaur, J. (2022). Impact of the mobility alteration on air pollution over different cities: A vision for citizen awareness. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 29(53):81048-81062. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21326-38104881062295

Impact of human activity on the thermal behaviour of an unheated church

[EN] A fifteenth-century church in Spain has been studied to determine the temperature changes that occur inside due to the activity and use of the building. Daily thermal amplitude has been employed as a detection system to measure occupation and use. Eleven sensors have been sited around the building, recording temperature data every 10 min over 655 days - including the lockdown period. An exhaustive analysis of temperature data revealed that the high inertia of the church's thermal envelope allows for an almost constant temperature during daily cycles (with variations of less than 2.2 degrees C), independent of weather conditions. In addition, the stratifications occurring are not high and depend on the operation of the building. A change of staff during the period analysed has been detected using this method. The sensors closest to the openings were more affected by the temperature variation, according to the external parameters. It has been possible to see the correlation of daily mean indoor and outdoor temperatures, but we have found that daily outdoor and indoor thermal amplitude were not correlated. Analysis of the temperatures measured suggests that it is possible to detect changes in the normal use of the building.Aparicio Fernandez, CS.; Vivancos, J.; Pérez-Andreu, V.; Molines Cano, J. (2021). Impact of human activity on the thermal behaviour of an unheated church. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 28:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2021.101599S1112

Thermal Characterization of Buildings with as-is Thermal-Building Information Modelling

[EN] Developing methodologies to accurately characterise the energy conditions of existing building stock is a fundamental aspect of energy consumption reduction strategies. To that end, a case study using a thermal information modelling method for existing buildings (as-is T-BIM) is reported. This proposed new method is based on the automatic processing of 3D thermal clouds of interior zones of a building that generates a semantic proprietary model that contains time series of surface temperatures assigned to its surface elements. The proprietary as-is T-BIM automatically generates an as-is BEM model with gbXML standards for energy simulation. This is a multi-zone energy model of the building. In addition, the surface temperature data series of the as-is T-BIM model elements permit the calculation of their thermal transmittances, increasing the calibration options of the obtained as-is BEM model. To test the as-is TBIM method, a case study compares the as-is BEM model obtained by as-is T-BIM methods with the one obtained by standard methods for the same building. The results demonstrate differences in geometry, transmittance, and infiltration values, as well as insignificant differences in annual air conditioning energy consumption or the comfort parameters tested. This seems to indicate shorter modelling times and greater accuracy of the as-is T-BIM model.This research was funded by the European Regional Development Fund (SBPLY/19/180501/000094 project) and the Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-108271RB-C31 and PID2019-108271RB-C33).Pérez-Andreu, V.; Adán Oliver, A.; Aparicio Fernandez, CS.; Vivancos, J. (2023). Thermal Characterization of Buildings with as-is Thermal-Building Information Modelling. Buildings. 13(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings1304097213