25,270 research outputs found
Recent Technological Developments on LGAD and iLGAD Detectors for Tracking and Timing Applications
This paper reports the last technological development on the Low Gain
Avalanche Detector (LGAD) and introduces a new architecture of these detectors
called inverse-LGAD (iLGAD). Both approaches are based on the standard
Avalanche Photo Diodes (APD) concept, commonly used in optical and X-ray
detection applications, including an internal multiplication of the charge
generated by radiation. The multiplication is inherent to the basic n++-p+-p
structure, where the doping profile of the p+ layer is optimized to achieve
high field and high impact ionization at the junction. The LGAD structures are
optimized for applications such as tracking or timing detectors for high energy
physics experiments or medical applications where time resolution lower than 30
ps is required. Detailed TCAD device simulations together with the electrical
and charge collection measurements are presented through this work.Comment: Keywords: silicon detectors, avalanche multiplication, timing
detectors, tracking detectors. 8 pages. 8 Figure
Spectropolarimetry of the H-alpha line in Herbig Ae/Be stars
Using the HiVIS spectropolarimeter built for the Haleakala 3.7m AEOS
telescope, we have obtained a large number of high precision spectropolarimetrc
observations (284) of Herbig AeBe stars collected over 53 nights totaling more
than 300 hours of observing. Our sample of five HAeBe stars: AB Aurigae,
MWC480, MWC120, MWC158 and HD58647, all show systematic variations in the
linear polarization amplitude and direction as a function of time and
wavelength near the H-alpha line. In all our stars, the H-alpha line profiles
show evidence of an intervening disk or outflowing wind, evidenced by strong
emission with an absorptive component. The linear polarization varies by 0.2%
to 1.5% with the change typically centered in the absorptive part of the line
profile. These observations are inconsistent with a simple disk-scattering
model or a depolarization model which produce polarization changes centered on
the emmissive core. We speculate that polarized absorption via optical pumping
of the intervening gas may be the cause.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter
Water/ethanol extract of Cucumis sativus L. fruit attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in endothelial cells.
BACKGROUND: It is widely accepted the key role of endothelium in the onset of many chronic and acute vascular and cardiovascular diseases. In the last decade, traditional compounds utilized in "folk medicine" were considered with increasing interest to discover new bioactive molecules potentially effective in a wide range of diseases including cardiovascular ones. Since ancient times different parts of the Cucumis sativus L. plant were utilized in Ayurvedic medicine, among these, fruits were traditionally used to alleviate skin problem such as sunburn irritation and inflammation. The main purpose of the present research was, in a well-defined in vitro model of endothelial cells, to investigate whether a water/ethanol extract of Cucumis sativus L. (CSE) fruit can attenuate the damaging effect of pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS: Cell viability, gene expression of endothelial cell markers, cytokines secretion and in vitro angiogenesis assay were performed on porcine Aortic Endothelial Cells exposed to increasing doses (0.02; 02; 2 mg/ml) of CSE in the presence of pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS 10 \u3bcg/ml). RESULTS: CSE reduced LPS-induced cytotoxicity and decreased the cellular detachment, restoring the expression of tight junction ZO-1. The increase of TLR4 expression induced by LPS was counterbalanced by the presence of CSE, while the protective gene Hemeoxygenase (HO)-1 was increased. Cucumis sativus L. inhibited the early robust secretion of inflammatory IL-8 and GM-CSFs, furthermore inhibition of inflammatory IL-6 and IL-1\u3b1 occurred late at 7 and 24 h respectively. On the contrary, the secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-10, together with IL-18 and IFN-\u3b3 was increased. Moreover, the in vitro angiogenesis induced by inflammatory LPS was prevented by the presence of Cucunis sativus L. extract, at any doses tested. CONCLUSIONS: Our results have clearly demonstrated that Cucumis sativus L. extract has attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in endothelial cells
Phase operators, temporally stable phase states, mutually unbiased bases and exactly solvable quantum systems
We introduce a one-parameter generalized oscillator algebra A(k) (that covers
the case of the harmonic oscillator algebra) and discuss its finite- and
infinite-dimensional representations according to the sign of the parameter k.
We define an (Hamiltonian) operator associated with A(k) and examine the
degeneracies of its spectrum. For the finite (when k < 0) and the infinite
(when k > 0 or = 0) representations of A(k), we construct the associated phase
operators and build temporally stable phase states as eigenstates of the phase
operators. To overcome the difficulties related to the phase operator in the
infinite-dimensional case and to avoid the degeneracy problem for the
finite-dimensional case, we introduce a truncation procedure which generalizes
the one used by Pegg and Barnett for the harmonic oscillator. This yields a
truncated generalized oscillator algebra A(k,s), where s denotes the truncation
order. We construct two types of temporally stable states for A(k,s) (as
eigenstates of a phase operator and as eigenstates of a polynomial in the
generators of A(k,s)). Two applications are considered in this article. The
first concerns physical realizations of A(k) and A(k,s) in the context of
one-dimensional quantum systems with finite (Morse system) or infinite
(Poeschl-Teller system) discrete spectra. The second deals with mutually
unbiased bases used in quantum information.Comment: Accepted for publication in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and
Theoretical as a pape
Phase properties of a new nonlinear coherent state
We study phase properties of a displacement operator type nonlinear coherent
state. In particular we evaluate the Pegg-Barnett phase distribution and
compare it with phase distributions associated with the Husimi Q function and
the Wigner function. We also study number- phase squeezing of this state.Comment: 8 eps figures. to appear in J.Opt
An equatorial ultra iron-poor star identified in BOSS
We report the discovery of SDSS J131326.89-001941.4, an ultra iron-poor red
giant star ([Fe/H] ~ -4.3) with a very high carbon abundance ([C/Fe]~ +2.5).
This object is the fifth star in this rare class, and the combination of a
fairly low effective temperature (Teff ~ 5300 K), which enhances line
absorption, with its brightness (g=16.9), makes it possible to measure the
abundances of calcium, carbon and iron using a low-resolution spectrum from the
Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We examine the carbon and iron abundance ratios in
this star and other similar objects in the light of predicted yields from
metal-free massive stars, and conclude that they are consistent. By way of
comparison, stars with similarly low iron abundances but lower carbon-to-iron
ratios deviate from the theoretical predictions.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in A&
1.3 mm Polarized emission in the circumstellar disk of a massive protostar
We present the first resolved observations of the 1.3 mm polarized emission from the disk-like structure surrounding the high-mass protostar Cepheus A HW2. These CARMA data partially resolve the dust polarization, suggesting a uniform morphology of polarization vectors with an average position angle of 57° ± 6° and an average polarization fraction of 2.0% ± 0.4%. The distribution of the polarization vectors can be attributed to (1) the direct emission of magnetically aligned grains of dust by a uniform magnetic field, or (2) the pattern produced by the scattering of an inclined disk. We show that both models can explain the observations, and perhaps a combination of the two mechanisms produces the polarized emission. A third model including a toroidal magnetic field does not match the observations. Assuming scattering is the polarization mechanism, these observations suggest that during the first few 104 years of high-mass star formation, grain sizes can grow from1 mm to several 10s μm.Fil: Fernandez Lopez, Manuel. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia; ArgentinaFil: Stephens, I. W.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos. Boston University; Estados Unidos. University of Illinois; Estados UnidosFil: Girart, J. M.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos. Institut de Ciències de l’Espai; EspañaFil: Looney, L.. University of Illinois; Estados UnidosFil: Curiel, S.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Segura Cox, D.. University of Illinois; Estados UnidosFil: Eswaraiah, C.. National Tsing Hua University; República de ChinaFil: Lai, S. P.. National Tsing Hua University; República de Chin
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