Chromium- and cobalt-catalyzed cross-coupling and amination reactions and synthesis and reactivity of Pyrido[3,2-f][1,7]naphthyridines

This work focused on the search for alternative metals to replace palladium- and nickel-catalysts by the development of new cobalt(II)- and chromium(II)-catalyzed cross-coupling methodologies. Furthermore, an effective strategy to obtain highly functionalized structural heterocyclic motifs involves the use of polyhalogenated starting materials that can be subsequently functionalized. For this purpose, the use of CrCl2 in highly regioselective cross-coupling reactions of dichlorinated heteroaromatics was demonstrated. Attention was also paid to the effective purging of chromium salts from the desired product by demonstrating the use of various solid supports for the removal of remaining metal traces. Besides the C-C bond formation, this work focused on the replacement of the cost-intensive palladium salt associated with sensitive phosphine ligands in the Buchwald- Hartwig amination reaction. Therefore, the chromium(II)-chloride catalyzed amination of N- heterocyclic chlorides with a range of magnesium amides was developed. Besides, particular attention was paid to the synthesis and functionalization of unexplored annelated six-membered N-heterocycles having potential use in medicinal and/or material applications: pyrido[3,2-f][1,7]naphthyrdine

A Theory of Cultural Glocality

A Theory of Cultural Glocality shows how globalization can be salvaged from the negativity that often surrounds it. Globalization has been the target of criticism that claims globalization is pushed on cultures and in the process is destroying local cultures. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the limitations of globalization critics and show that it is not a negative force, that there is a healthy form of globalization. Therefore, globalization does not have to be considered disastrous for local cultures. Glocalizing provides cultures with a way to balance the local and the global in a healthy way where one does not overrun the other. Glocalizing leads to a horizontal globalization system that is based on interculturalism because it includes both the local and the global. Through glocalizing and interculturalism, horizontal globalization results in a truly global culture that is formed by the integration and merging of the local and the global

A Combined View of Sterile-Neutrino Constraints from CMB and Neutrino Oscillation Measurements

We perform a comparative analysis of constraints on sterile neutrinos from the Planck experiment and from current and future neutrino oscillation experiments (MINOS, IceCube, SBN). For the first time, we express the Planck constraints on $N_{\rm eff}$ and $m_{\rm eff}^{\rm sterile}$ from the Cosmic Microwave Background in the parameter space used by oscillation experiments using both mass-squared differences and mixing angles. In a model with a single sterile neutrino species and using standard assumptions, we find that the Planck data and the oscillation experiments measuring muon-neutrino disappearance have similar sensitivity.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, Version accepted by Physics Letters B, minor changes to text, results unchange

Semiquantitative activity-based detection of JWH-018, a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist, in oral fluid after vaping

The rapid proliferation of new synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) has initiated considerable interest in the development of so-called “untargeted” screening strategies. One of these new screening technologies involves the activity-based detection of SCRAs. In this study, we evaluated whether (synthetic) cannabinoid activity can be detected in oral fluid (OF) and, if so, whether it correlates with SCRA concentrations. OF was collected at several time points in a placebo-controlled JWH-018 administration study. The outcome of the cell-based cannabinoid reporter system, which monitored the cannabinoid receptor activation, was compared to the quantitative data for JWH-018, obtained via a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. A total of 175 OF samples were collected and analyzed via both methods. The cannabinoid reporter assay correctly classified the vast majority of the samples as either negative (<0.25 ng/mL; 74/75 = 99%) or having low (0.25−1.5 ng/mL; 16/16 = 100% and 1.5−10 ng/mL; 37/41 = 90%), mid (10−100 ng/mL; 23/25 = 92%) or high (>100 ng/mL; 16/18 = 89%) JWH-018 concentrations. Passing−Bablok regression analysis yielded a good linear correlation, with no proportional difference between both methods (slope 0.97; 95% confidence interval 0.86−1.14) and only a small systematic difference. This is the first study to demonstrate the applicability of an untargeted, activity-based approach for SCRA detection in OF. Additionally, the outcome of the cannabinoid reporter assay was compared to the gold standard (LC-MS/MS), showing a good correlation between both methods, indicating that the cannabinoid reporter assay can be used for an estimation of drug concentrations

Analisis Perbandingan Nilai Usability pada Mobile Banking Menggunakan Metode SUS dan NAU

Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin pesat dari tahun ke tahun mendukung keberhasilan sebuah organisasi dalam persaingan bisnis. Semakin mudah dan cepatnya mendapatkan informasi dengan menggunakan teknologi berdampak pada peningkatan interaksi antar individu untuk mendapat informasi yang dibutuhkan. Salah satu yang mengikuti perkembangan teknologi informasi ini adalah perbankan. Hal ini diwujudkan demi pengembangan sistem pelayanan terhadap nasabah dalam bentuk layanan M-Banking yang telah melekat dikehidupan sehari-hari. Dari kebutuhan yang saat ini yang sangat melekat pada kehidupan sehari-hari maka perlu dilakukannya penelitian dengan menggunakan metode System Usability Scale dan metode Nielsen’s Atributes of Usability untuk mengetahui nilai usability terhadap sebuah aplikasi. Kategori Learnbility dengan skor tertinggi diperoleh oleh Bank BNI dengan nilai rata-rata 4,375. Kategori Memorability didapatkan oleh Bank BCA dengan nilai rata-rata 4,448. Kategori Efficiency dengan skor tertinggi diperoleh Bank BNI dengan skor rata-rata 4,39

Action research for transformative change

As major policy actors (e.g. governments, global organisations) grapple with 'wicked’ sustainability challenges, the use of demonstration projects or ‘living labs’ has promise in showcasing potential solutions. However, these projects can struggleto realise enduring change, with initial experimental deliverables tending not to be replicated and remaining as once-offs. As well as demonstrating solutions, projects also need to overcome the considerable inertia in the complex systems of organisations and institutions that govern (or indeed generate) sustainability problems. Here we argue that demonstration projects, while initially impactful, could be more likely to realise transformative change if they were designed more thoroughly as action research projects, working with partners to not only deliver and measure demonstrations of solutions, but also demonstrate changes to organisations and institutions to remove barriers and facilitate replication. We note the important role ofboth engaged leadership and explicitly-stated theories of change in maximising the potential of projects designed in this way

Chromium- and cobalt-catalyzed cross-coupling and amination reactions and synthesis and reactivity of Pyrido[3,2-f][1,7]naphthyridines

This work focused on the search for alternative metals to replace palladium- and nickel-catalysts by the development of new cobalt(II)- and chromium(II)-catalyzed cross-coupling methodologies. Furthermore, an effective strategy to obtain highly functionalized structural heterocyclic motifs involves the use of polyhalogenated starting materials that can be subsequently functionalized. For this purpose, the use of CrCl2 in highly regioselective cross-coupling reactions of dichlorinated heteroaromatics was demonstrated. Attention was also paid to the effective purging of chromium salts from the desired product by demonstrating the use of various solid supports for the removal of remaining metal traces. Besides the C-C bond formation, this work focused on the replacement of the cost-intensive palladium salt associated with sensitive phosphine ligands in the Buchwald- Hartwig amination reaction. Therefore, the chromium(II)-chloride catalyzed amination of N- heterocyclic chlorides with a range of magnesium amides was developed. Besides, particular attention was paid to the synthesis and functionalization of unexplored annelated six-membered N-heterocycles having potential use in medicinal and/or material applications: pyrido[3,2-f][1,7]naphthyrdine