24,793 research outputs found
High–Speed Data Transmission Subsystem of the SEOSAR/PAZ Satellite
This paper analyzes a digital interface and bus system modeling and optimization of the SEOSAR/PAZ Earth Observation satellite. The important part of the satellite is an X–band Synthetic Aperture Radar instrument that integrates 384 Transmit/Receive Modules located in 12 antenna panels 7.5 m away from the central processor and controlled by a synchronous 10 Mbps bidirectional serial protocol. This type of mid–range point–to–multipoint transmission is affected by bit errors due to crosstalk, transmission line attenuation and impedance mismatches. The high–speed data communication network has been designed to optimize the transmission by using a simulation model of the data distribution system which takes into account the worst–case scenario and by developing a lab–scaled prototype which exhibits BER of 10-11 for an interfering signal of 10 Vpp. The result is a point–to–multipoint bidirectional transmission network optimized in both directions with optimal values of loads and equalization resistors. This high–speed data transmission subsystem provides a compact design through a simple solution
Natural Topologies on Colombeau Algebras
We define natural topologies on the Colombeau algebras which are compatible
with the algebraic structure. These topologies reduces do Scarpalezos sharp
topologies when restricted. with this we take a positive step towards
topological methods of solving P.D. Equations in Colombeau algebras.
Applications will appear elsewhere.Comment: 20 page
Measurements of thermodynamic and transport properties of EuC: a low-temperature analogue of EuO
EuC is a ferromagnet with a Curie-temperature of K. It
is semiconducting with the particularity that the resistivity drops by about 5
orders of magnitude on cooling through , which is therefore called a
metal-insulator transition. In this paper we study the magnetization, specific
heat, thermal expansion, and the resistivity around this ferromagnetic
transition on high-quality EuC samples. At we observe well defined
anomalies in the specific heat and thermal expansion data.
The magnetic contributions of and can satisfactorily be
described within a mean-field theory, taking into account the magnetization
data. In zero magnetic field the magnetic contributions of the specific heat
and thermal expansion fulfill a Gr\"uneisen-scaling, which is not preserved in
finite fields. From an estimation of the pressure dependence of via
Ehrenfest's relation, we expect a considerable increase of under applied
pressure due to a strong spin-lattice coupling. Furthermore the influence of
weak off stoichiometries in EuC was studied. It is
found that strongly affects the resistivity, but hardly changes the
transition temperature. In all these aspects, the behavior of EuC strongly
resembles that of EuO.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
Distorted Heisenberg Algebra and Coherent States for Isospectral Oscillator Hamiltonians
The dynamical algebra associated to a family of isospectral oscillator
Hamiltonians is studied through the analysis of its representation in the basis
of energy eigenstates. It is shown that this representation becomes similar to
that of the standard Heisenberg algebra, and it is dependent of a parameter
. We name it {\it distorted Heisenberg algebra}, where is the
distortion parameter. The corresponding coherent states for an arbitrary
are derived, and some particular examples are discussed in full detail. A
prescription to produce the squeezing, by adequately selecting the initial
state of the system, is given.Comment: 21 pages, Latex, 3 figures available as hard copies upon request from
the first Autho
Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Halogen-Bonded Block Copolymer Complexes into Upright Cylindrical Domains
Self-assembly of block copolymers into well-defined, ordered arrangements of chemically distinct domains is a reliable strategy for preparing tailored nanostructures. Microphase separation results from the system, minimizing repulsive interactions between dissimilar blocks and maximizing attractive interactions between similar blocks. Supramolecular methods have also achieved this separation by introducing small-molecule additives binding specifically to one block by noncovalent interactions. Here, we use halogen bonding as a supramolecular tool that directs the hierarchical self-assembly of low-molecular-weight perfluorinated molecules and diblock copolymers. Microphase separation results in a lamellar-within-cylindrical arrangement and promotes upright cylindrical alignment in films upon rapid casting and without further annealing. Such cylindrical domains with internal lamellar self-assemblies can be cleaved by solvent treatment of bulk films, resulting in separated and segmented cylindrical micelles stabilized by halogen-bond-based supramolecular crosslinks. These features, alongside the reversible nature of halogen bonding, provide a robust modular approach for nanofabricatio
Spitzer Space Telescope Observations of the Nucleus of Comet 103P/Hartley 2
We have used the Spitzer Space Telescope InfraRed Spectrograph (IRS) 22-μm peakup array to observe thermal emission from the nucleus and trail of comet 103P/Hartley 2, the target of NASA’s Deep Impact Extended Investigation (DIXI). The comet was observed on UT 2008 August 12 and 13, while 5.5 AU from the Sun. We obtained two 200 frame sets of photometric imaging over a 2.7 hr period. To within the errors of the measurement, we find no detection of any temporal variation between the two images. The comet showed extended emission beyond a point source in the form of a faint trail directed along the comet’s antivelocity vector. After modeling and removing the trail emission, a NEATM model for the nuclear emission with beaming parameter of 0.95 ± 0.20 indicates a small effective radius for the nucleus of 0.57 ± 0.08 km and low geometric albedo 0.028 ± 0.009 (1σ). With this nucleus size and a water production rate of 3 × 10^(28) molecules s^(-1) at perihelion, we estimate that ~100% of the surface area is actively emitting volatile material at perihelion. Reports of emission activity out to ~5 AU support our finding of a highly active nuclear surface. Compared to Deep Impact’s first target, comet 9P/Tempel 1, Hartley 2’s nucleus is one-fifth as wide (and about one-hundredth the mass) while producing a similar amount of outgassing at perihelion with about 13 times the active surface fraction. Unlike Tempel 1, comet Hartley 2 should be highly susceptible to jet driven spin-up torques, and so could be rotating at a much higher frequency. Since the amplitude of nongravitational forces are surprisingly similar for both comets, close to the ensemble average for ecliptic comets, we conclude that comet Hartley 2 must have a much more isotropic pattern of time-averaged outgassing from its nuclear surface. Barring a catastrophic breakup or major fragmentation event, the comet should be able to survive up to another 100 apparitions (~700 yr) at its current rate of mass loss
Gamma rays from microquasars Cygnus X-1 and Cygnus X-3
Gamma-ray observations of microquasars at high and very-high energies can
provide valuable information of the acceleration processes inside the jets, the
jet-environment interaction and the disk-jet coupling. Two high-mass
microquasars have been deeply studied to shed light on these aspects: Cygnus
X-1 and Cygnus X-3. Both systems display the canonical hard and soft X-ray
spectral states of black hole transients, where the radiation is dominated by
non-thermal emission from the corona and jets and by thermal emission from the
disk, respectively. Here, we report on the detection of Cygnus X-1 above 60 MeV
using 7.5 yr of Pass8 Fermi-LAT data, correlated with the hard X-ray state. A
hint of orbital flux modulation was also found, as the source is only detected
in phases around the compact object superior conjunction. We conclude that the
high-energy gamma-ray emission from Cygnus X-1 is most likely associated with
jets and its detection allow us to constrain the production site. Moreover, we
include in the discussion the final results of a MAGIC long-term campaign on
Cygnus X-1 that reaches almost 100 hr of observations at different X-ray
states. On the other hand, during summer 2016, Cygnus X-3 underwent a flaring
activity period in radio and high-energy gamma rays, similar to the one that
led to its detection in the high-energy regime in 2009. MAGIC performed
comprehensive follow-up observations for a total of about 70 hr. We discuss our
results in a multi-wavelength context.Comment: Proceedings of the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC
2017), Bexco, Busan, Korea (arXiv:1708.05153
A bright impulsive solar burst detected at 30 THz
Ground- and space-based observations of solar flares from radio wavelengths
to gamma-rays have produced considerable insights but raised several unsolved
controversies. The last unexplored wavelength frontier for solar flares is in
the range of submillimeter and infrared wavelengths. Here we report the
detection of an intense impulsive burst at 30 THz using a new imaging system.
The 30 THz emission exhibited remarkable time coincidence with peaks observed
at microwave, mm/submm, visible, EUV and hard X-ray wavelengths. The emission
location coincides with a very weak white-light feature, and is consistent with
heating below the temperature minimum in the atmosphere. However, there are
problems in attributing the heating to accelerated electrons. The peak 30 THz
flux is several times larger than the usual microwave peak near 9 GHz,
attributed to non-thermal electrons in the corona. The 30 THz emission could be
consistent with an optically thick spectrum increasing from low to high
frequencies. It might be part of the same spectral component found at sub-THz
frequencies whose nature remains mysterious. Further observations at these
wavelengths will provide a new window for flare studies.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures, accepted by Astrophysical Journal, March 23,
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