Modeling the input history of programs for improved instruction-memory performance

When a program is loaded into memory for execution, the relative position of its basic blocks is crucial, since loading basic blocks that are unlikely to be executed first places them high in the instruction-memory hierarchy only to be dislodged as the execution goes on. In this paper we study the use of Bayesian networks as models of the input history of a program. The main point is the creation of a probabilistic model that persists as the program is run on different inputs and at each new input refines its own parameters in order to reflect the program's input history more accurately. As the model is thus tuned, it causes basic blocks to be reordered so that, upon arrival of the next input for execution, loading the basic blocks into memory automatically takes into account the input history of the program. We report on extensive experiments, whose results demonstrate the efficacy of the overall approach in progressively lowering the execution times of a program on identical inputs placed randomly in a sequence of varied inputs. We provide results on selected SPEC CINT2000 programs and also evaluate our approach as compared to the gcc level-3 optimization and to Pettis-Hansen reordering

Impacts of in vivo and in vitro exposures to tamoxifen: comparative effects on human cells and marine organisms

Tamoxifen (TAM) is a first generation-SERM administered for hormone receptor-positive (HER+) breast cancer in both pre- and post-menopausal patients and may undergo metabolic activation in organisms that share similar receptors and thus face comparable mechanisms of response. The present study aimed to assess whether environmental trace concentrations of TAM are bioavailable to the filter feeder M. galloprovincialis (100 ng L-1) and to the deposit feeder N. diversicolor (0.5, 10, 25 and 100 ng L-1) after 14 days of exposure. Behavioural impairment (burrowing kinetic), neurotoxicity (AChE activity), endocrine disruption by alkali-labile phosphate (ALP) content, oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, GPXs activities), biotransformation (GST activity), oxidative damage (LPO) and genotoxicity (DNA damage) were assessed. Moreover, this study also pertained to compare TAM cytotoxicity effects to mussels and targeted human (i.e. immortalized retinal pigment epithelium - RPE; and human transformed endothelial cells - HeLa) cell lines, in a range of concentrations from 0.5 ng L-1 to 50 μg L-1. In polychaetes N. diversicolor, TAM exerted remarkable oxidative stress and damage at the lowest concentration (0.5 ng L-1), whereas significant genotoxicity was reported at the highest exposure level (100 ng L-1). In mussels M. galloprovincialis, 100 ng L-1 TAM caused endocrine disruption in males, neurotoxicity, and an induction in GST activity and LPO byproducts in gills, corroborating in genotoxicity over the exposure days. Although cytotoxicity assays conducted with mussel haemocytes following in vivo exposure was not effective, in vitro exposure showed to be a feasible alternative, with comparable sensitivity to human cell line (HeLa).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Galvanic corrosion of two non noble dental alloys

Artigo licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"This study aims to evaluate the corrosion resistance of two nonnoble dental alloys, namely, the Wiron®88 (Ni–Cr–Mo) and the Remanium 2000+ (Co–Cr–Mo–W). A noble alloy, the V-Gnathos® Plus (AuPt) previously studied was also considered for the purpose of comparison. The study was conducted in artificial saliva, pH 7.1, at 37 °C, by cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry. The Rp value of the alloy of high contents of Ni, the Wiron®88, was 26.2±0.2 kΩ cm2 and of the one with high contents of Co, the Remanium 2000+, was 22.5±0.6 kΩ cm2. Data from linear polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy lead to the same order for the resistance against corrosion. The order from the less to the more reactive alloy is: Wiron®88 → Remanium 2000+. The galvanic cell obtained by coupling the two nonnoble alloys presents very low cell potential (a few mV, -18 mV), while the galvanic cell between one noble alloy (the V-Gnathos® Plus) and the Wiron®88 showed a higher cell potential (-104 mV). Both galvanic couples, under short circuit, have lead to the release of cations, namely, Co2+, in the case of the Wiron®88|Remanium 2000+ and Ni2+ for the Wiron®88|V-Gnathos® Plus, galvanic couples, respectively, with the ionic concentrations reaching values of 12.15 and 7.30 μg L-1 (7.30 ppb), respectively. SEM micrographs obtained after 25 days immersion in artificial saliva, at 37 °C, showed the formation of well-defined pits on the surface of the two non-noble alloys.

Atributos químicos do solo em sistemas agrossilvipastoris do semiárido cearense com a presença do fogo.

Resumo: A análise dos atributos químicos do solo é uma importante ferramenta para se conhecer a qualidade e as deficiências do solo. Objetivou-se avaliar a fertilidade do solo sob Luvissolo Crômico Órtico e Luvissolo Hipocrômico Órtico em sistema agrossilvipastoril. O presente trabalho foi realizado na Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, os sistemas avaliados consistiam de diferentes tipos de manejo: agrosilvipastoril, silvipastoril com queima, silvipastoril sem queima, mata nativa com queima, mata nativa sem queima e sistema tradicional. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas, os manejos e as subparcelas as profundidades (0-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m); com cinco repetições. Houve diferença significativa nos diferentes manejos para todo os atributos químicos, exceto Mg, Al e V. Os ambientes silvipastoril com e sem queima apresentaram maiores valores para os atributos químicos em relação ao sistema tradicional. Os manejos silvipastoril sem e com queima proporcionaram as maiores concentrações para pH e K; e P, Ca e Na, respectivamente. O manejo agrossilvipastoril apresentou os maiores valores para pH, Na e C.E. Para manta nativa sem e com queima, as maiores concentrações foram para M.O., Ntotal, K, C.E., e adicionalmente para a mata sem queima H+Al. O sistema tradicional apresentou maiores concentrações para Na. A camada superior apresentou maiores valores para pH, M.O., Ntotal, K, CTC e CE em relação a camada 0,10-0,20 m. [Soil chemical properties in agrosylvopasture system at semi-arid northeastern Brazil with presence of fire]. Abstract: The analysis of soil chemical properties is an important tool to know the quality and soil deficiencies. The present study which was conducted at Embrapa Goats e Sheeps had as objective to evaluate soil fertility under Luvisols in agrosilvopasture system in a semi-arid zone. The following treatments were evaluated: agrosilvopasture, burnt silvopasture, non-burnt silvopasture, burnt native forest, non-burnt native forest and traditional. The experimental design was completely randomized block with split plots. The plots, the managements, the subplots and the depths (0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m) had five replications. There were significant difference in all treatments for all chemical attributes except Mg, Al and V. The treatments burnt and non-burnt silvopasture and agrosilvopasture showed high values for chemical attributes in relation to the traditional system. The agrosilvopasture environment had higher values for pH, Na and EC. As for burnt and non-burnt native vegetation, both had the highest concentration for MO, Ntotal, K, and EC. Besides, the non-burnt native vegetation had the highest concentration for H+Al. The traditional treatment had high concentration of Na. The top layer had higher values for pH, organic matter, total N, K, CEC and EC compared to 0.10-0.20 m layer

Prevalência e intensidade do parasito Gonocleithrum aruanae Kristy & Thatcher, 1983 (Monogenea) em peixes aruanãs Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (Osteoglossidae), do Rio Coari Grande, Estado do Amazonas.

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Endoparasitos do pacu-manteiga Mylossoma duriventre Cuvier, 1817 (Characidae) do lago Coari, região do Médio Rio Solimões, Estado do Amazonas.

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