Social media for the dissemination of Cochrane child health evidence: evaluation study

© Michele P Dyson, Amanda S Newton, Kassi Shave, Robin M Featherstone, Denise Thomson, Aireen Wingert, Ricardo M Fernandes, Lisa Hartling. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 01.09.2017. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.Background: Health care providers value ready access to reliable synthesized information to support point-of-care decision making. Web-based communities, facilitated by the adoption of social media tools such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, are increasingly being used for knowledge dissemination, bridging the gap between knowledge generation and synthesis and knowledge implementation. Objective: Our objective was to implement and evaluate a structured social media strategy, using multiple platforms, to disseminate Cochrane Child Health evidence to health care providers caring for children. Methods: Our social media strategy had three components: daily "tweets" using the Cochrane Child Health Twitter account, weekly WordPress blog posts, and a monthly journal club on Twitter ("tweet chat"). Each tweet, blog, and journal club shared Cochrane evidence on a child health topic. We evaluated the strategy through (1) Twitter and blog site analytics, (2) traceable link (Bitly) statistics, (3) Altmetric.com scores for promoted evidence, and (4) participant feedback. We also tracked the resources required to write the blog, tweet content, and manage the strategy. Results: The 22-week social media strategy ran between November 2014 and April 2015. We created 25 blog posts, sent 585 tweets, and hosted 3 tweet chats. Monthly blog visits and views and Twitter account followers increased over time. During the study period, the blog received 2555 visitors and 3967 page views from a geographically diverse audience of health care providers, academics, and health care organizations. In total, 183 traceable Bitly links received 3463 clicks, and the Twitter account gained 469 new followers. The most visited and viewed blog posts included gastrointestinal topics (lactose avoidance), research on respiratory conditions (honey for cough and treatments for asthma), and maternal newborn care (skin-to-skin contact). On Twitter, popular topics were related to public health (vaccination) and pain management. We collected Altmetric.com scores for 61 studies promoted during the study period and recorded an average increase of 11 points. Research staff (n=3) contributed approximately 433 hours to promotion activities and planning (6.5 hours each per week) to implement the social media strategy, and study investigators reviewed all content (blog posts and tweets). Conclusions: This study provides empirical evidence on the use of a coordinated social media strategy for the dissemination of evidence to professionals providing health services to children and youth. The results and lessons learned from our study provide guidance for future knowledge dissemination activities using social media tools.This work was supported by Alberta Innovates—Health Solutions, grant number 201300653. LH and ASN are supported, in part, by Canadian Institutes of Health Research New Investigator Awards.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Modificación del nivel y tipo de fibra en piensos de cerdos mediante la inclusión de subproductos agroindustriales sobre las características del purín y su potencial de producción de amoniaco, biogás y metano (resultados preliminares)

La alimentación de los animales se considera una vía importante de mitigación de la emisión de gases contaminantes a la atmósfera, principalmente amoniaco (NH3) y metano (CH4), (BREF, 2006). La incorporación de fuentes de fibra fácilmente fermentable poco lignificada en piensos es capaz de modificar el comportamiento fermentativo de las bacterias en el intestino grueso y el balance entre el nitrógeno (N) orgánico e inorgánico y el pH de las deyecciones (Portejoie y col., 2004; Jarret y col., 2011). Este efecto, que no altera la excreción total de N puede condicionar considerablemente a la emisión de NH3. Por otro lado, el efecto de la inclusión de fuentes de fibra en la dieta sobre las emisiones de CH4 ha sido menos estudiado. Algunos estudios sugieren que un incremento de la cantidad de fibra en los piensos puede aumentar la producción de CH4 por cerdo y día (Jarret y col., 2011) al reducir la digestibilidad de los nutrientes e incrementar la cantidad de materia orgánica no digerida en las heces. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar los efectos de las variaciones en el nivel y tipo de fibra (fermentable y no fermentable) de los piensos sobre las características del purín y las emisiones de NH3,CH4 y Biogás

A survey-based analysis of the academic job market

Many postdoctoral researchers apply for faculty positions knowing relatively little about the hiring process or what is needed to secure a job offer. To address this lack of knowledge about the hiring process we conducted a survey of applicants for faculty positions: the survey ran between May 2018 and May 2019, and received 317 responses. We analyzed the responses to explore the interplay between various scholarly metrics and hiring outcomes. We concluded that, above a certain threshold, the benchmarks traditionally used to measure research success - including funding, number of publications or journals published in - were unable to completely differentiate applicants with and without job offers. Respondents also reported that the hiring process was unnecessarily stressful, time-consuming, and lacking in feedback, irrespective of outcome. Our findings suggest that there is considerable scope to improve the transparency of the hiring process

Leaf heteroblasty in Passiflora edulis as revealed by metabolic profiling and expression analyses of the microRNAs miR156 and miR172

Juvenile-to-adult phase transition is marked by changes in leaf morphology, mostly due to the temporal development of the shoot apical meristem, a phenomenon known as heteroblasty. Sugars and microRNA-controlled modules are components of the heteroblastic process in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. However, our understanding about their roles during phase-changing in other species, such as Passiflora edulis, remains limited. Unlike Arabidopsis, P. edulis (a semi-woody perennial climbing vine) undergoes remarkable changes in leaf morphology throughout juvenile-to-adult transition. Nonetheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown.Here we evaluated the molecular mechanisms underlying the heteroblastic process by analysing the temporal expression of microRNAs and targets in leaves as well as the leaf metabolome during P. edulis development.Metabolic profiling revealed a unique composition of metabolites associated with leaf heteroblasty. Increasing levels of glucose and α-trehalose were observed during juvenile-to-adult phase transition. Accumulation of microRNA156 (miR156) correlated with juvenile leaf traits, whilst miR172 transcript accumulation was associated with leaf adult traits. Importantly, glucose may mediate adult leaf characteristics during de novo shoot organogenesis by modulating miR156-targeted PeSPL9 expression levels at early stages of shoot development.Altogether, our results suggest that specific sugars may act as co-regulators, along with two microRNAs, leading to leaf morphological modifications throughout juvenile-to-adult phase transition in P. edulis

Caracterização morfológica de Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill.

O gênero Jatropha tem ganhado espaço na cena agrária,  visto o grande potencial sugerido a espécie Jatropha curcas L. , conhecida como pinhão manso. Contudo, cada vez mais tem-se buscado compreender espécies circumvizinhas da espécies em questão, em busca de melhorar a compreensão e obter mais informações para o melhoramento de culturas. Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill., ou pinhão bravo, a muito vem sido investigada, não apenas por sua proximidade com o pinhão manso, mas também por ser uma espécie utilizada medicinalmente à séculos, difundido através de tradição cultural empírica. A caracterização morfológica detalhada de espécies contribuem para compreensão desta como um todo, além de descrever caracteres que podem ser utilizados no melhoramento genético, assim, neste trabalho, visou-se uma caracterização descritiva detalhada da espécie J. mollissima

Signatures of Z3_3 Vestigial Potts-nematic order in van der Waals antiferromagnets

Layered van der Waals magnets have attracted much recent attention as a promising and versatile platform for exploring intrinsic two-dimensional magnetism. Within this broader class, the transition metal phosphorous trichalcogenides $M$P$X_3$ stand out as particularly interesting, as they provide a realization of honeycomb lattice magnetism and are known to display a variety of magnetic ordering phenomena as well as superconductivity under pressure. One example, found in a number of different materials, is commensurate single-$Q$ zigzag antiferromagnetic order, which spontaneously breaks the spatial threefold $(C_3)$ rotation symmetry of the honeycomb lattice. The breaking of multiple distinct symmetries in the magnetic phase suggests the possibility of a sequence of distinct transitions as a function of temperature, and a resulting intermediate $\mathbb{Z}_3$-nematic phase which exists as a paramagnetic vestige of zigzag magnetic order -- a scenario known as vestigial ordering. Here, we report the observation of key signatures of vestigial Potts-nematic order in rhombohedral FePSe$_3$. By performing linear dichroism imaging measurements -- an ideal probe of rotational symmetry breaking -- we find that the $C_3$ symmetry is already broken above the N\'eel temperature. We show that these observations are explained by a general Ginzburg-Landau model of vestigial nematic order driven by magnetic fluctuations and coupled to residual strain. An analysis of the domain structure as temperature is lowered and a comparison with zigzag-ordered monoclinic FePS$_3$ reveals a broader applicability of the Ginzburg-Landau model in the presence of external strain, and firmly establishes the $M$P$X_3$ magnets as a new experimental venue for studying the interplay between Potts-nematicity, magnetism and superconductivity.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures + supplementary materia

Nanoencapsulated Clove Oil Applied as an Anesthetic at Slaughtering Decreases Stress, Extends the Freshness, and Lengthens Shelf Life of Cultured Fish

In the aquaculture industry, fish are stunned using a wide range of methods, but all of them trigger stress responses and affect the fish flesh quality. Chilled water is considered one of the most efficient methods, but even this is not a stress‐free experience for the fish. Anesthetics included in the ice slurry or in water could decrease this stress and delay the loss of flesh quality. In this work, we analyze the effect of clove oil (CO) nanoencapsulated in β‐cyclodextrins (β‐CD) (CO + β‐CD), incorporated in the stunning bath, on the stress response and the organoleptic attributes of fresh marine and freshwater fish from four economically important fish species: Atlantic salmon, European seabass, Nile tilapia, and Rainbow trout. CO + β‐CD reduces the time required to induce anesthesia, independently of water salinity, habitat or water temperature. The plasmatic glucose and cortisol levels decreased in all four species, although the concentrations of CO varied between species. Moreover, plasmatic lactate level differed between the marine and freshwater fish. The use of CO + β‐CD extended the shelf life of fish from all the species studied (by 3–7 days). In conclusion, using CO encapsulated in β‐CD for anesthetizing fish can be regarded as an improved fish‐stunning technique that reduces the anesthesia‐induction time, decreases the stress response, and extends the shelf life of fresh fish.Versión del edito

Beware of scientific scams! Hints to avoid predatory publishing in biological journals

Our motivation for writing this editorial is to alert the academic community about the risks of predatory publishing in Biology. By piggy-backing on the open access (OA) movement and taking advantage of the “publish or perish” culture in a system that prioritises quantity over quality, predatory publishing has grown exponentially in recent years and spread across all areas of knowledge. Thousands of predatory journals and books have emerged and (provided a fee is paid) they publish scientific papers and chapters without submitting them to rigorous peer review. Now there are even predatory meetings, which promise to accept talks and publish complete works for a fee, also without reviewing them properly. These profit-making machines can damage both academia and society, putting at risk the quality of science and public trust in it, the well-being of the population, the conservation of biodiversity and the mitigation of climate change. We show the modus operandi behind invitations to contribute to predatory journals, books and meetings and suggest ways to separate the wheat from the chaff. Finally, we discuss the need to create regulatory agencies that perform a careful and systematic evaluation of the activities carried out by publishers