Climate Services for Resilient Development in South Asia Mid-Term Report, January - June 2018

Aligned with the Global Framework for Climate Services, Climate Services for Resilient Development (CSRD) is a global partnership that works to link climate science, data streams, decision support tools, and training with decision-makers in developing countries. CSRD is led by the United States Government and is supported by the UK Government Department for International Development (DFID), UK Meteorological Office, ESRI, Google, the Inter-American Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and the American Red Cross. Led by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), the CSRD initiative in South Asia implements applied research and facilitates an expanding network of partners assure that actionable climate information and crop management advisories can be generated, refined, and delivered to smallholder farmers. This report details activities of the CSRD project in South Asia during the first six months of 2018

Variations in body mass index of users of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate as a contraceptive

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Background: Weight gain is a frequent reason for discontinuing the contraceptive with depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). Study Design: This 3-year retrospective cohort study assessed body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)) variations in 379 Current or past DMPA users compared to TCu380A intrauterine device (IUD) users matched for age and BMI, categorized into G1 (normal weight), G2 (overweight) or G3 (obese) according to baseline BMI. Variations in weight and BMI were evaluated using analysis of variance. Results: BMI increased progressively in all groups but significantly more in G1 and G2 DMPA users compared to nonusers and according to duration of use. In the G3 subgroup, weight trends were similar in the DMPA and IUD users. Conclusions: Normal and overweight women increased BMI with DMPA use; however, obese women did not increase weight. Weight increase in DMPA users could be associated with metabolic alterations related to duration of use in normal and overweight women and to alterations already present in obese women. Prospective studies are required to determine triggering factors. DMPA use :! 3 years was not associated with weight increase in women with BMI (kg/m(2)) >= 30. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.812107111Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [03/083917

A prospective study of the forearm bone density of users of etonorgestrel- and levonorgestrel-releasing contraceptive implants

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to compare bone mineral density (BMD) before insertion and at 18 months of use of etonorgestrel- and levonorgestrel-releasing contraceptive implants. METHODS: One hundred and eleven women, 19-43 years of age, were randomly allocated to two groups: 56 to etonorgestrel and 55 to levonorgestrel. BMD was evaluated at the midshaft of the ulna and at the distal radius of the non-dominant forearm using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before insertion and at 18 months of use. RESULTS: There was no difference in baseline demographic or anthropometric characteristics, or in BMD of users of either model of implant. BMD was significantly lower at 18 months of use at the midshaft of the ulna in both groups of users. However, no difference was found at the distal radius. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the variables associated with BMD at 18 months of use in both implant groups were baseline BMD, body mass index (BMI) and difference in BMI (0 versus 18 months of use). CONCLUSIONS: Women of 19-43 years of age using either one of the implants showed lower BMD at 18 months of use at the midshaft of the ulna, however, without a difference at the distal radius.21246647

Representações sociais de saúde bucal entre mães no meio rural de Itaúna (MG), 2002 A social representation study of oral health among mothers in rural areas, Itaúna (MG), 2002

Análise das representações sociais sobre o processo saúde-doença bucal entre 29 mães de escolares residentes no meio rural de Itaúna, em 2002. As entrevistas semi-estruturadas foram transcritas e a análise de conteúdo foi desenvolvida. A análise mostra que as representações sociais sobre saúde-doença estão vinculadas à alimentação e utilização de serviços médicos. Em relação ao processo saúde-doença bucal, identifica-se um discurso associado às normas odontológicas de higiene e dieta. A cárie dentária é vista como uma experiência inevitável, mas a perda dentária, não. Apesar de as condições materiais de vida no meio rural dificultarem a adoção de práticas consideradas favoráveis à saúde bucal, essas mulheres são cobradas em relação ao trabalho de cuidar dos filhos. Essa vivência contraditória causa sentimentos negativos (culpa) e, como conseqüência, queda na qualidade de vida nessa população. Na realidade de vida das entrevistadas, verifica-se que, apesar de as mesmas apresentarem informações sobre o cuidado bucal e desejarem "cuidar dos filhos direito", uma complexa rede de fatores sociais, econômicos, culturais etc., não favorece a promoção de saúde. O planejamento das ações de saúde bucal coletiva deveria levar em consideração não somente dados epidemiológicos quantitativos, mas também as representações sociais sobre saúde bucal.<br>The study evaluated social representation on oral health-illness process between 29 scholarship's mothers in rural areas from Itaúna, in 2002. Semi-structured interviews were transcripted and content analysis was developed. The results have showed that social representation of health-illness was associated with food intake and medical service utilization. Discourse on oral health-illness process was related to dental hygiene and diet rules. Dental caries were an inevitable experience, but tooth loss was not. Despite material conditions of life in rural area have not enabled favorable oral health practices, these mothers were considered responsible for their children oral health care. This contradicted life has caused negative feelings (as guilty) and, consequently, bad quality of life. Respondents have had information about oral home care and they desired to "take care of children well". However, a complex net of social, economic and cultural factors has not favored health promotion. Planning public oral health actions should take in account not only quantitative epidemiological data but social representation of oral health