Instrumentos de identificação do Envelhecimento Bem-Sucedido em pesquisas com Idosos Ativos: uma revisão sistemática

This research showed through a systematic review which instruments could identify the successful aging in active seniors. The methodology employed was the systematic review, the descriptors found in the DeCS, MeSH, and Thesaurus were elderly, aging, successful aging, active aging and physical activity in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, at the database Science Direct, PubMed/MedLine, PsycINFO, ERIC, Periódicos CAPES, Scopus and Web of Science. The boolean operators used were “AND” and “OR”. It was selected six articles for analysis, two articles from South Korea, two articles from the United States of America, and two from Spain. It was possible to identify the successful aging of the active elderly concerning the not active. Thereby, it is possible to highlight the necessity for active aging, with activities that generate satisfaction, providing independence and health, independent whether physical or leisure activities, proving to be an important ally in aging.O presente estudo apresentou por meio de uma pesquisa, quais instrumentos podem identificar o envelhecimento bem-sucedido dos idosos ativos. Os descritores buscados com o auxílio dos localizadores DeCS, MeSH e Thesaurus, foram: idoso, envelhecimento, envelhecimento bem-sucedido, envelhecimento ativo e atividade física, em português, inglês e espanhol, nas bases de dados Science Direct, PubMed/MedLine, PSYCinfo, ERIC, Periódicos CAPES, Scopus e Web of Science utilizando os operadores booleanos “AND” e “OR”. Foram selecionados seis artigos para a análise, onde os questionários utilizados foram eficazes na identificação do envelhecimento bem-sucedido, principal conceito abordado nos artigos selecionados, dos idosos ativos em relação aos que não realizam atividades. Evidenciando a necessidade de uma velhice ativa, com a realização de atividades que gerem satisfação, proporcionando independência e saúde, supondo que o envelhecimento bem-sucedido caminha lado a lado com a necessidade de uma vida saudável.O presente estudo apresentou por meio de uma pesquisa, quais instrumentos podem identificar o envelhecimento bem-sucedido em idosos ativos. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão sistemática, os descritores buscados com o auxílio dos localizadores DeCS, MeSH e Thesaurus, foram: idoso, envelhecimento, envelhecimento bem-sucedido, envelhecimento ativo e atividade física, em português, inglês e espanhol, nas bases de dados Science Direct, PubMed/MedLine, PSYCinfo, ERIC, Periódicos CAPES, Scopus e Web of Science utilizando os operadores booleanos “AND” e “OR”. Foram selecionados seis artigos para a análise, sendo dois artigos da Coreia do Sul, dois dos Estados Unidos da América e mais dois da Espanha, é possível identificar o envelhecimento bem-sucedido dos idosos ativos em relação aos que não realizam atividade. Assim pode-se evidenciar a necessidade de uma velhice ativa, com a realização de atividade que gerem satisfação, proporcionando independência e saúde independente que sejam atividades físicas ou de lazer, mostrando-se uma importante aliada no envelhecimento. &nbsp

Detection of DNA from Leishmania (Viannia): accuracy of polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) can occur in skin and mucosa, causing disfiguring lesions. The laboratory diagnosis of CL involves immunological methods and optical detection of the parasite, al of which have limitations. There is a need for more effective diagnostic methods for CL which wil allow treatment to be initiated more promptly in order to help prevent the development of severe forms of mucosal disease, and to estimate the prognosis of the infection. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been widely used to diagnose CL, because of its higher sensitivity. This study estimated the accuracy and compared PCRs of samples from lesion scarification (PCR-L) and blood sample-enriched leukocytes (PCR-B) with three conventional diagnostic techniques: parasite direct search (DS), Montenegro skin test (MST), and indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IIF). The study included 276 patients under suspicion of CL. We conducted a cross-sectional study, in which patients were selected by convenience sampling. We used MP3H/MP1L primers to generate a Leishmania (Viannia) (minicircle kDNA) fragment of 70-bp. Of 106 patients with CL, 83.87%, 51.67%, 64.52%, 85.71%, or 96.10% tested positive by PCR-L, PCR-B, DS, IIF, or MST, respectively. Five patients tested positive only by PCR-L, and two other patients only by PCR-B. PCR-L is indicated for use in patients with chronic lesions or Leishmania reinfection, which may progress to mucosal lesion. PCR-B is indicated for use in patients with negative results in conventional tests or for patients with no apparent lesion. PCR is not only useful in diagnosing CL but also helps to identify the infecting species

Flow diagram of patients to estimate the accuracy of PCR in the diagnosis of CL.

<p>Flow diagram of patients to estimate the accuracy of PCR in the diagnosis of CL.</p

Performances of PCR-L, PCR-B, IIF and MST performance for laboratory diagnosis of CL.

<p>S: sensitivity, Sp: specificity, PPV: positive predictive value, NPV: negative predictive value, DS: Direct parasite search, IIF: Indirect Immunofluorescence, MST: Montenegro skin test, PCR-L: Polymerase Chain Reaction in lesion, PCR-B: Polymerase Chain Reaction in blood, Pos: Positive, Neg: Negative.</p><p>The proportions were analyzed using Mid-p exact test OpenEpi version 2.3, with confidence interval of 95%. The values of S, Sp, PPV and NPV were determined for the DS test, and they are described in done number/total number, and %; 95% CI.</p

Comparison of PCR-L, PCR-B, DS, IIF and MST in relation to time of evolution of lesions in patients with CL.

<p>DS: Direct parasite search, IIF: Indirect Immunofluorescence, MST: Montenegro skin test, PCR-L: Polymerase Chain Reaction in lesion, PCR-B: Polymerase Chain Reaction in blood, Pos: Positive, Neg: Negative.</p><p>The proportions were analyzed using Mid-p exact test OpenEpi version 2.3, with confidence interval of 95%. The values are described in done number/total number, and %; 95% CI.</p