Complementary feeding and nutritional status of 6-24-month-old children in Acrelândia, Acre State, Western Brazilian Amazon

Com objetivo de investigar o estado nutricional e alimentação complementar em crianças de 6 a 24 meses, residentes na Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira, um estudo transversal foi realizado na área urbana do Município de Acrelândia, Estado do Acre, com 164 crianças. As prevalências de déficit de estatura/idade e anemia foram de 12% e 40%, respectivamente, e de deficiência de ferro isolada, de 85%. Os níveis séricos das vitaminas A e B12 estavam baixos em 15% e 12% das crianças, respectivamente. Houve baixo consumo alimentar dos seguintes nutrientes (% de crianças abaixo das recomendações): ácido fólico (33%), vitamina C (40%), vitamina A (42%), zinco (46%) e ferro (71%). A biodisponibilidade de ferro da dieta foi de 8%. Observou-se baixo consumo de frutas, hortaliças e carnes, com consumo excessivo de leite de vaca e mingau.Our objective was to investigate nutritional status and complementary feeding practices in children from 6 to 24 months of age living in the Western Brazilian Amazon. A cross-sectional study was conducted within an urban area of Acrelândia, Acre State. A total of 164 children were studied. Prevalence rates for stunting and anemia were 12% and 40%, respectively, and overall prevalence of iron deficiency was 85%. Vitamin A and B12 serum levels were below normal thresholds in 15% and 12% of children, respectively. Low intake was observed for the following nutrients (% of children): folic acid (33%), vitamin C (40%), vitamin A (42%), zinc (46%), and iron (71%). Iron bioavailability in the diet was approximately 8%. Very low dietary intakes of fruits, vegetables, and meats were observed, in contrast with excessive consumption of cow's milk and porridge.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e tecnológico (CNPq

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages

Study of the B−→Λc+Λˉc−K−B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-} decay

The decay $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $\Lambda_{c}^+ K^{-}$ system, the $\Xi_{c}(2930)^{0}$ state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, $\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}$ and $\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}$, whose masses and widths are measured to be $$m(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = 2924.5 \pm 0.4 \pm 1.1 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ m(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = 2938.5 \pm 0.9 \pm 2.3 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = \phantom{000}4.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},\\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = \phantom{00}11.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 7.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},$$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ sample. Evidence of a new $\Xi_{c}(2880)^{0}$ state is found with a local significance of $3.8\,\sigma$, whose mass and width are measured to be $2881.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 8.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and $12.4 \pm 5.3 \pm 5.8 \,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode $\Xi_{c}(2790)^{0} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.7\,\sigma$. The relative branching fraction of $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ with respect to the $B^{-} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{-}$ decay is measured to be $2.36 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.25$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb public pages

Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D∗)\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) and R(D0)\mathcal{R}(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})\equiv\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})\equiv\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb${ }^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode $\tau^{-}\to\mu^{-}\nu_{\tau}\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$. The measured values are $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})=0.281\pm0.018\pm0.024$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})=0.441\pm0.060\pm0.066$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is $\rho=-0.43$. Results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb public pages

Evolution of nutritional indicators of child health between 2003 and 2007 in urban area of Acrelândia, Acre

Introdução: O panorama nutricional da infância brasileira nas últimas décadas caracteriza-se por tendência ao declínio da prevalência da desnutrição com manutenção da prevalência de anemia, principalmente a ferropriva. Contudo, desigualdades regionais ainda persistem especialmente na região norte do país. A substituição precoce e inadequada do aleitamento materno por outros alimentos tem sido considerada principal responsável pelas deficiências nutricionais entre menores de dois anos. Objetivo: Caracterizar a evolução das práticas de aleitamento materno, prevalências de anemia, deficiência de ferro e desnutrição em crianças menores de 2 anos em área urbana de Acrelândia, Estado do Acre. Métodos: Análise temporal de dois inquéritos transversais de base populacional realizados em 2003 (n= 170) e 2007 (n= 224). Informações sobre condições socioeconômicas, morbidade e aleitamento materno foram obtidas por meio de questionário estruturado. Peso e comprimento das crianças foram medidos pela equipe de pesquisa, sendo considerada desnutrida a criança cujo indicador de altura para idade encontrava-se abaixo de 2 escores z, segundo padrão da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Avaliaram-se as concentrações de hemoglobina sanguínea (maiores de 6 meses de idade), ferritina e receptor de transferrina plasmáticos para diagnóstico de anemia e deficiência de ferro segundo critérios da OMS. Resultados: Na comparação entre os inquéritos 2003 e 2007, não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes nas prevalências (intervalo com 95 por cento de confiança) de aleitamento materno total de 46 por cento (39 por cento -54 por cento ) para 53 por cento (46 por cento -59 por cento ), aleitamento materno exclusivo em menores de 6 meses de 23 por cento (10 por cento -41 por cento ) para 16 por cento (6 por cento -34 por cento ), desnutrição de 9 por cento (5 por cento -14 por cento ) para 11 por cento (8 por cento -16 por cento ), anemia de 48 por cento (39 por cento -56 por cento ) para 40 por cento (33 por cento -47 por cento ) e anemia ferropriva de 36 por cento (28 por cento -45 por cento ) para 36 por cento (29 por cento -44 por cento ), respectivamente. No entanto, houve aumento na prevalência de deficiência de ferro de 62 por cento (53 por cento -70 por cento ) para 81 por cento (75 por cento -86 por cento ) (teste do c2, p0,001). Conclusão: A presente análise não observou melhorias na prática de aleitamento materno total e exclusivo e na ocorrência de anemia no período analisado, revelando um cenário preocupante para saúde pública com aumento significativo da prevalência de deficiência de ferro nas crianças estudadasIntroduction: The nutritional picture of Brazilian infancy in recent decades is characterized by a downward trend in the prevalence of malnutrition and unchanged prevalence of anemia, especially iron deficiency anemia. However, regional inequalities persist, particularly in the North of the country. The early and inadequate introduction of foods has been considered the main factor responsible for nutritional deficiencies among children younger than two years of age. Objective: To characterize trends in breastfeeding practices and the prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency and malnutrition, among children younger than 2 years of age, in an urban area of Acrelandia, Acre State. Methods: Temporal analysis of two cross-sectional population-based surveys conducted in 2003 (n = 170) and 2007 (n = 224). Information on socioeconomic status, morbidity, and breastfeeding were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Child weight and length were measured by the research team and children whose height for age indicator was below -2 z-scores were considered malnourished, according to World Health Organization standards (WHO). Blood hemoglobin (in children older than 6 months), as well as plasma ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor concentrations were evaluated to screen for anemia and iron deficiency, according to WHO criteria. Results: Comparison between the 2003 and 2007 surveys revealed no statistically significant differences in the prevalence (95 per cent confidence intervals) of breastfeeding: 46 per cent (39 per cent -54 per cent ) to 53 per cent (46 per cent - 59 per cent ), exclusive breastfeeding in infants younger than 6 months of age: 23 per cent (10 per cent - 41 per cent ) to 16 per cent (6 per cent -34 per cent ), malnutrition: 9 per cent (5 per cent - 14 per cent ) to 11 per cent (8 per cent - 16 per cent ), anemia:48 per cent (39 per cent - 56 per cent ) to 40 per cent (33 per cent - 47 per cent ) or iron deficiency anemia: 36 per cent (28 per cent - 45 per cent ) to 36 per cent (29 per cent - 44 per cent ), respectively. However, an increase in the prevalence of iron deficiency from 62 per cent (53 per cent - 70 per cent ) to 81 per cent (75 per cent - 86 per cent ) was observed (c² test, p 0.001). Conclusion: In the analyzed period, no improvements were observed in the prevalence of total and exclusive breastfeeding or in the occurrence of anemia, exposing an worrying scenario for public health, with a significant increase in the prevalence of iron deficiency in the studied infants and toddler

A model-independent study of resonant structure in B+→D+D−K+B^+\to D^+D^-K^+ decays

International audienceThe only anticipated resonant contributions to $B^+\to D^+D^-K^+$ decays are charmonium states in the $D^+D^-$ channel. A model-independent analysis, using LHCb proton-proton collision data taken at centre-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s}=7,8,$ and $13$ TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{-1}$, is carried out to test this hypothesis. The description of the data assuming that resonances only manifest in decays to the $D^+D^-$ pair is shown to be incomplete. This constitutes evidence for a new contribution to the decay, potentially one or more new charm-strange resonances in the $D^-K^+$ channel with masses around 2.9 GeV$/c^2$

First observation of the decay Bs0→K−μ+νμB_s^0 \to K^-\mu^+\nu_\mu and Measurement of ∣Vub∣/∣Vcb∣|V_{ub}|/|V_{cb}|

International audienceThe first observation of the suppressed semileptonic Bs0→K-μ+νμ decay is reported. Using a data sample recorded in pp collisions in 2012 with the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2  fb-1, the branching fraction B(Bs0→K-μ+νμ) is measured to be [1.06±0.05(stat)±0.08(syst)]×10-4, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second one represents the combined systematic uncertainties. The decay Bs0→Ds-μ+νμ, where Ds- is reconstructed in the final state K+K-π-, is used as a normalization channel to minimize the experimental systematic uncertainty. Theoretical calculations on the form factors of the Bs0→K- and Bs0→Ds- transitions are employed to determine the ratio of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements |Vub|/|Vcb| at low and high Bs0→K- momentum transfer

Measurement of the branching fraction of the B0→Ds+π−{{B} ^0} {\rightarrow }{{D} ^+_{s}} {{\pi } ^-} decay

International audienceA branching fraction measurement of the ${{B} ^0} {\rightarrow }{{D} ^+_{s}} {{\pi } ^-}$ decay is presented using proton–proton collision data collected with the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.0\,\text {fb} ^{-1}$. The branching fraction is found to be ${\mathcal {B}} ({{B} ^0} {\rightarrow }{{D} ^+_{s}} {{\pi } ^-} ) =(19.4 \pm 1.8\pm 1.3 \pm 1.2)\times 10^{-6}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third is due to the uncertainty on the ${{B} ^0} {\rightarrow }{{D} ^-} {{\pi } ^+}$, ${{D} ^+_{s}} {\rightarrow }{{K} ^+} {{K} ^-} {{\pi } ^+}$ and ${{D} ^-} {\rightarrow }{{K} ^+} {{\pi } ^-} {{\pi } ^-}$ branching fractions. This is the most precise single measurement of this quantity to date. As this decay proceeds through a single amplitude involving a $b{\rightarrow }u$ charged-current transition, the result provides information on non-factorisable strong interaction effects and the magnitude of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix element $V_{ub}$. Additionally, the collision energy dependence of the hadronisation-fraction ratio $f_s/f_d$ is measured through ${{\overline{B}} {}^0_{s}} {\rightarrow }{{D} ^+_{s}} {{\pi } ^-}$ and ${{B} ^0} {\rightarrow }{{D} ^-} {{\pi } ^+}$ decays

Branching Fraction Measurements of the Rare Bs0→ϕμ+μ−B^0_s\rightarrow\phi\mu^+\mu^- and Bs0→f2′(1525)μ+μ−B^0_s\rightarrow f_2^\prime(1525)\mu^+\mu^-- Decays

International audienceThe branching fraction of the rare Bs0→ϕμ+μ- decay is measured using data collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 1, 2, and 6  fb-1, respectively. The branching fraction is reported in intervals of q2, the square of the dimuon invariant mass. In the q2 region between 1.1 and 6.0  GeV2/c4, the measurement is found to lie 3.6 standard deviations below a standard model prediction based on a combination of light cone sum rule and lattice QCD calculations. In addition, the first observation of the rare Bs0→f2′(1525)μ+μ- decay is reported with a statistical significance of 9 standard deviations and its branching fraction is determined