73 research outputs found

    Implication of the changing concept of genes on plant breeder’s work

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    The recent genome sequencing of some species has accumulated evidence that for a large number of traits, thecontrol and action of genes are far more complex than previously thought. This article discusses possible implications of newinsights into the gene concept on the work of plant breeders. Apparently, the successful application of biotechnological techniques is not as simple as once assumed. The evident changes in the available concept of genes confirmed what the past experience had shown,i.e, selection should focus on the phenotype, under the same conditions as the plant is to be cultivated in. Advanced vocationaltraining of plant breeders must be continuously maintained, focusing on phenotype-based selection in as accurate as possibleexperiments

    ANÁLISE DIALÉLICA DE HÍBRIDOS SIMPLES DE MILHO VISANDO À OBTENÇÃO DE HÍBRIDOS DE F2

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    Visando a redução dos custos de produção de sementes de milho, vem sendo estudado o emprego de híbridos de populações F2 (S0).  Objetivando a posterior obtenção de híbridos de F2, o intuito do presente estudo foi estimar a capacidade de combinação de híbridos simples comerciais (F1) por meio da avaliação de caracteres agronômicos dos híbridos resultantes dos cruzamentos.. Foram avaliados 28 híbridos resultantes de um dialelo completo entre 8 híbridos simples, juntamente com os híbridos simples parentais e uma testemunha comercial. Os ensaios foram instalados em Campinas, safra 2006/2007 e Mococa, safras 2006/2007 e 2007/2008, sob delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com 3 repetições. Foram avaliados os caracteres Altura de planta e de espiga e Produtividade de grãos. Foram realizadas análises dialélicas utilizando-se o Método 4 de Griffing (1956), modelo 1, e estimada a heterose dos híbridos duplos em relação à média dos parentais. Obtiveram-se híbridos de produtividade elevada, atingindo média de 8219 kg ha-1, com destaque para a combinação híbrida HS-C x HS-E (9154 kg ha-1). Verificou-se o predomínio de efeitos aditivos significativos na expressão dos caracteres. Quanto à capacidade combinatória, o híbrido simples HS-D destacou-se com as maiores estimativas de gi para produtividade; HS-F e HS-G para reduzir AP e AE. A maior estimativa de heterose foi verificada no híbrido HS-C x HS-E (804,9 kg ha-1). Evidenciaram-se híbridos comerciais promissores quanto à capacidade combinatória e híbridos duplos superiores, indicando que híbridos simples são viáveis para obtenção de populações visando à obtenção de híbridos de F2 (S0)

    Pareamento cromossômico intra e intergenômico em híbridos de capim-elefante e milheto poliploidizados artificialmente

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    The objective of this work was to evaluate, by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), pairing configurations as potential indicators of recombination between chromosomes of different parental genomes, in two interspecific hybrids (elephant grass x pearl millet) artificially polyploidized. Anthers from young flower buds were used in the chromosomal preparations. The genomic probe was prepared with pearl millet DNA and labeled with biotin-16-dUTP by the nick translation reaction. Blocking DNA was prepared with genomic elephant grass DNA. The homoeologous intergenomic pairing, observed in the two hybrids, indicates the possibility of recombination between chromosomes of the parental genomes.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio da hibridização in situ genômica (GISH), as configurações de pareamento como indicadoras potenciais da recombinação entre cromossomos de diferentes genomas parentais, presentes em dois híbridos interespecíficos (capim-elefante x milheto) poliploidizados artificialmente. Anteras de botões florais jovens foram utilizadas nas preparações cromossômicas. A sonda genômica foi preparada com o DNA do milheto e marcada com biotina-16-dUTP pela reação de nick translation. O DNA de bloqueio foi preparado com o DNA genômico do capim-elefante. O pareamento intergenômico homeólogo, observado nos dois híbridos, indica a possibilidade de recombinação entre os cromossomos dos genomas parentais

    Identificación de intervenciones de enfermería asociadas a la acuracia de los diagnósticos de enfermería para pacientes con cirrosis hepática

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    Objetivo: identificar as intervenções de enfermagem associadas aos diagnósticos de enfermagem mais acurados e mais frequentemente utilizados da NANDA International, Inc. (NANDA-I) para pacientes com cirrose hepática. Método: estudo descritivo, quantitativo e transversal. Resultados: no total, 12 diagnósticos de enfermagem foram avaliados, dos quais sete demonstraram alto grau de acurácia (IVC ≥ 0.8); 70 intervenções foram identificadas e 23 (32.86%) eram comuns a mais de um diagnóstico. Conclusão: em geral, os enfermeiros muitas vezes executam intervenções de enfermagem sugeridas na NIC para os sete diagnósticos de enfermagem de alta acurácia identificados neste estudo para cuidar de pacientes com cirrose hepática. Diagnósticos de enfermagem acurados e válidos dirigem a seleção de intervenções apropriadas que os enfermeiros podem desempenhar para reforçar a segurança do paciente e assim melhorar os resultados de saúde dos pacientes.Objetivo: identificar las intervenciones de enfermería asociadas a los diagnósticos de enfermería más precisos y más frecuentemente utilizados de la NANDA International, Inc. (NANDA-I) para pacientes con cirrosis hepática. Método: estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo y transversal. Resultados: al total, 12 diagnósticos de enfermería fueron evaluados, de los cuales siete demostraron alto grado de precisión (IVC ≥ 0.8); 70 intervenciones fueron identificadas y 23 (32.86%) eran comunes a más de un diagnóstico. Conclusión: en general, los enfermeros muchas veces desempeñan intervenciones de enfermería sugeridas en la NIC para los siete diagnósticos de enfermería de alta precisión identificados en este estudio para cuidar de pacientes con cirrosis hepática. Diagnósticos de enfermería precisos y válidos orientan la selección de intervenciones apropiadas que los enfermeros pueden desempeñar para reforzar la seguridad del paciente y así mejorar los resultados de salud de los pacientes.Objective: to identify the nursing interventions associated with the most accurate and frequently used NANDA International, Inc. (NANDA-I) nursing diagnoses for patients with liver cirrhosis. Method: this is a descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study. Results: a total of 12 nursing diagnoses were evaluated, seven of which showed high accuracy (IVC ≥ 0.8); 70 interventions were identified and 23 (32.86%) were common to more than one diagnosis. Conclusion: in general, nurses often perform nursing interventions suggested in the NIC for the seven highly accurate nursing diagnoses identified in this study to care patients with liver cirrhosis. Accurate and valid nursing diagnoses guide the selection of appropriate interventions that nurses can perform to enhance patient safety and thus improve patient health outcomes

    The inventory of geological heritage of the state of São Paulo, Brazil: Methodological basis, results and perspectives

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    An inventory of geological sites based on solid and clear criteria is a first step for any geoconservation strategy. This paper describes the method used in the geoheritage inventory of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, and presents its main results. This inventory developed by the geoscientific community aimed to identify geosites with scientific value in the whole state, using a systematic approach. All 142 geosites representative of 11 geological frameworks were characterised and quantitatively evaluated according to their scientific value and risk of degradation, in order to establish priorities for their future management. An online database of the inventory is under construction, which will be available to be easily consulted and updated by the geoscientific community. All data were made available to the State Geological Institute as the backbone for the implementation of a future state geoconservation strategy.The authors acknowledge the Science Without Borders Programme, Process 075/2012, which supported this study and the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Process 2011/17261-6. We also thanks C. Mazoca for his help with maps and figures.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

    Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

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    Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities
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