Overview of Brazilian Malaria Incidence from Environmental, Economic and Spatial Factors in Amazon and Extra Amazon Region

Malaria is caused by the protozoan Plasmodium and its infection can occur in several ways being the most common through the bite of the female mosquito Anopheles darling The life cycle of the vector is related to the dynamics of the ecosystem that lives situations such as global warming generate a great concern regarding the possible amplification of the reproduction capacity of vectors according to climate change These diseases are much more frequent in regions where the climate is tropical such as Brazil The incidence of the vector is characterized by several factors such as biological ecological sociopolitical cultural and economic factors the latter influence health expenditures in Brazil regarding the preventive measures of infectio

Estudo associativo entre variantes gen?ticas no gene GPX1, participante da via de controle oxidativo, e o desfecho de pacientes cr?ticos

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:51:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 458042.pdf: 2649672 bytes, checksum: a59591c4a1fe4e945b26d110c1c85f97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24Background: During critical illness and sepsis there is severe antioxidant depletion, and this scenario raises the critical ill patient s mortality risk. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is one of the first endogenous antioxidant defense enzymes, and it works cooperatively with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cathalase (CAT) to detoxify free radicals from the cellular environment. Genetic studies are important to understand the complexity of human oxidative stress and how the organism responds to an extreme situation such as critically care conditions. Previous studies with a GPx1 single nucleotide polymorphism (593C>T SNP; rs1050450; protein variant in GPx1: Pro198Leu) showed 593T carriers and 593TT homozygotes present higher risk to develop different diseases. Objective: We assessed the relationship of the genotype distribution of GPx1 SNP in critically ill patients with their conditions (organ dysfunction, sepsis, and septic shock) and their outcome. Results: We monitored 626 critically ill patients daily from the ICU (intensive care unit) admission to their discharge from hospital, or death. Our study revealed a significant association between 593TT GPx1 genotype and mortality; the mortality rate was higher in homozygous 593TT GPx1 (N = 94) when compared with the group of subjects with genotypes 593CT or 593CC GPx1 (N = 532) (52% versus 38%, P = 0.009; OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.13-2.85). Evaluating the subgroup of 293 ICU patients with sepsis, a pooled analysis including two genetic variants GPx1 and SOD2 (47C> T SNP, rs4880; protein variant in MnSOD: Ala-9Val) showed a significant difference in relation to progression to septic shock. The frequency of septic shock among septic patients with 593T GPx1 and 47C SOD2 alleles (N = 122) was higher when compared with septic patients carrying other settings of genotypes (N = 174) (78% versus 66%; P = 0.028; OR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.03-3.18). Accepting the previously reported functional effects of these two SNPs on GPx1 and SOD2 gene expressions and, consequently, on GPx1 and MnSOD enzyme actvities, we believe our results may be considered as an important contribution for the understanding of oxidative imbalance during the critical ill.Contexto: Durante a doen?a cr?tica e sepse h? deple??o grave de antioxidantes, e esse cen?rio aumenta o risco de mortalidade do paciente criticamente doente. Glutationa peroxidase (GPx) ? uma das primeiras enzimas de defesa antioxidantes end?genas que, agindo em coopera??o sin?rgica com a super?xido dismutase (SOD) e a catalase (CAT), desintoxica radicais livres no ambiente celular. Os estudos gen?ticos s?o importantes para compreender a complexidade do estresse oxidativo humano e como o organismo responde a situa??es extremas, como no caso das situa??es cr?ticas de sa?de. Estudos anteriores com uma variante SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) no interior do gene GPx1 (593C>T SNP; rs1050450; variante proteica na GPx1: Pro198Leu) mostraram que os portadores do alelo 593T e os homozigotos 593TT apresentam maior risco de desenvolver quadros patol?gicos graves. Objetivo: avaliar a rela??o da distribui??o dos gen?tipos do SNP 593C>T GPx1 em pacientes criticamente doentes buscando associa??es com seus quadros de gravidade (disfun??es org?nicas, sepse e choque s?ptico) e desfecho (mortalidade), durante o per?odo de sua interna??o na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). Resultados: Foram monitorados diariamente 626 pacientes criticamente doentes desde a sua admiss?o na UTI at? sua alta hospitalar ou ?bito. Foi identificada uma associa??o significativa entre o gen?tipo 593TT GPx1 e a mortalidade: a taxa de mortalidade foi superior em homozigotos 593TT GPx1 (N = 94) quando comparados com o grupo de indiv?duos com gen?tipos 593CT ou 593CC GPx1 (N = 532) (52% versus 38%, P = 0.009; OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.13-2.85). Avaliando o subgrupo de pacientes cr?ticos com sepse, uma an?lise conjunta incluindo duas variantes gen?ticas GPx1 e SOD2 (47C>T SNP; rs4880; variante proteica na MnSOD: Ala-9Val) mostrou diferen?a significativa em rela??o a evolu??o para choque s?ptico. A frequ?ncia de choque s?ptico entre pacientes s?pticos com alelos 593T GPx1 e 47C SOD2 (N = 122) foi superior quando comparado com pacientes s?pticos com outras configura??es de gen?tipos (N = 174) (78% versus 66%; P = 0.028; OR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.03-3.18). Aceitando que os efeitos funcionais causados pelas variantes gen?ticas 593C>T GPx1 e 47C>T SOD2 em seus genes e nas enzimas GPx1 e MnSOD, respectivamente, afetam diretamente o balan?o oxidativo celular, acreditamos que o resultado do presente estudo pode ser considerado como uma contribui??o importante para a compreens?o do estresse oxidativo no paciente criticamente doente

C?lulas-tronco pluripotentes induzidas (iPSCs) de indiv?duos com displasia cortical focal do tipo Taylor : buscando a compreens?o da patog?nese durante o processo de neurodiferencia??o

Submitted by PPG Medicina e Ci?ncias da Sa?de ([email protected]) on 2018-03-26T16:55:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RODRIGO_BRACCINI_MADEIRA_DA_SILVA_TES.pdf: 6388000 bytes, checksum: c5e864eb62bd553c3a29e7bad1b85fef (MD5)Rejected by Tatiana Lopes ([email protected]), reason: Devolvido porque o pdf inserido no TEDE ? de outro aluno. on 2018-03-28T14:20:43Z (GMT)Submitted by PPG Medicina e Ci?ncias da Sa?de ([email protected]) on 2018-03-28T14:24:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDA_MAJOLO_TES.pdf: 6002507 bytes, checksum: 764acb66fc06c518428a40b9eb5bdd26 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lopes ([email protected]) on 2018-03-28T16:23:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDA_MAJOLO_TES.pdf: 6002507 bytes, checksum: 764acb66fc06c518428a40b9eb5bdd26 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-28T16:29:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDA_MAJOLO_TES.pdf: 6002507 bytes, checksum: 764acb66fc06c518428a40b9eb5bdd26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-11Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPESMalformations of cortical development (MDC) include a wide spectrum of Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders related to a complex process of cortex formation. Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD), a common type of MDC, is reported as the most frequent structural brain lesion found in children with refractory epilepsy to drug treatment undergoing surgery. Surgical treatment, with complete resection of the dysplastic lesion, is able to stop the seizure resistant to antiepileptic drugs, improving the individual's quality of life and reducing morbidity. FCD is characterized by multiple types of alterations both in cortical architecture and in cytologic abnormalities and it?s pathogenesis is still unknown. In 2004, Palmini et al. classified DCF according to white matter and cortical layer architecture. Taylor-type FCD is characterized by cortical laminar disorganization and dysplastic neurons, compromising the organization of the cortex into six-layered traditionally known. Understanding the mechanisms of action of neurological diseases has involved the use of animal models. However, in the case of brain development of epileptic syndromes, many decades of study have failed to provide a conclusive insight of their mechanisms. Modeling neurological diseases is especially attractive for the application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), making possible to derive specific neurons for in vitro studies, contributing to the investigation of the disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible differences in neurogenesis and neurodifferentiation of iPSCs from fibroblasts of individuals affected by Taylor-type FCD and normal individuals. iPSCs were generated from skin fibroblasts of two FCD individuals and two healthy individuals, to form the control group. The reprogramming was done through the fibroblasts exposure to viral vectors containing the OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, and c-MYC genes and the clones were characterized by immunohistochemistry. iPSCs were neurodifferentiated and analyzed at the 14th, 22nd and 35th days. We also analyzed the brain tissue, fibroblasts and iPSCs cells from the individuals. Through qRT-PCR, the expression of 14 genes involved in the neurodifferentiation process were quantified. These genes are associated to neural migration and differentiation, synaptic aspects and Notch signaling. Both individuals were diagnosed with Taylor-type FCD, more specifically, type IIb. In general, individuals with dysplasia presented alterations in the relative quantification in the most genes analyzed compared to control individuals in all processes and study groups (fibroblasts, brain tissue, iPSCs 8 and neurodifferentiated cells). The genes involved in the neural migration and differentiation processes, as well as synaptic aspects and Notch signaling presented quite altered expressions in dysplastic individuals, with the beginning of the majority processes early, before the physiologically typical period. From the found results, we can infer that during the embryonic period, in the neurogenesis and neurodifferentiation process, individuals affected by the disease, possibly presents neuroblasts more sensitive to stimulus, presenting differences in the development of the Nervous System. These changes may be directly related to dysplastic brain development. This work extends the understanding of embryonic neurodevelopment, open up opportunities to further investigations of the involvement and influence of each genes analyzed in the pathogenesis of FCD, as well as in each mechanism of action involved in the brain development.As Malforma??es do Desenvolvimento Cortical (MDC) re?nem uma ampla gama de patologias do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) relacionadas a um complexo processo de forma??o do c?rtex. A Displasia Cortical Focal (DCF), tipo comum de MDC, ? relatada como a les?o cerebral estrutural mais frequente encontrada em crian?as com epilepsia refrat?ria ao tratamento medicamentoso submetidas ? cirurgia. O tratamento cir?rgico, com a ressec??o completa da les?o displ?sica, ? capaz de cessar a convuls?o resistente a drogas antiepil?ticas, melhorando a qualidade de vida do indiv?duo e diminuindo a morbidade. A DCF ? caracterizada por m?ltiplos tipos de altera??es tanto na arquitetura cortical quanto em anormalidades citol?gicas e sua patog?nese ainda ? desconhecida. Em 2004, Palmini e colaboradores classificaram as DCF de acordo com observa??es na subst?ncia branca e na arquitetura da camada cortical. A DCF do tipo Taylor ? caracterizada por uma desorganiza??o laminar e neur?nios displ?sicos, comprometendo a organiza??o do c?rtex em seis camadas histol?gicas tradicionalmente conhecidas. A compreens?o dos mecanismos de a??o das doen?as neurol?gicas tem envolvido o uso de modelos animais. Por?m, no caso do desenvolvimento cerebral das s?ndromes epil?pticas muitas d?cadas de estudo n?o conseguiram fornecer uma vis?o conclusiva sobre seus mecanismos. Modelar doen?as neurol?gicas ? especialmente atraente para aplica??o das c?lulas pluripotentes induzidas (iPSCs), possibilitando derivar neur?nios espec?ficos do pr?prio paciente para estudos in vitro, contribuindo para a investiga??o da doen?a. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar as poss?veis diferen?as na neurog?nese e neurodiferencia??o de iPSCs a partir de fibroblastos de indiv?duos acometidos pela DCF do tipo Taylor e indiv?duos normais. As iPSCs foram geradas a partir de fibroblastos de pele de dois indiv?duos displ?sicos e dois indiv?duos saud?veis, para compor o grupo controle. A reprograma??o se deu atrav?s da exposi??o dos fibroblastos a vetores virais contendo os genes OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, e c-MYC e os clones gerados foram caracterizados por imunohistoqu?mica. As c?lulas iPSCs foram neurodiferenciadas e analisadas nos per?odos de 14, 22 e 35 dias. Tamb?m foram analisados o tecido cerebral, fibroblastos e c?lulas iPSCs dos indiv?duos. Atrav?s de qRT-PCR, a express?o de 14 genes envolvidos no processo de neurodiferencia??o foram quantificados. Estes genes est?o associados a migra??o e diferencia??o neural, 6 aspectos sin?pticos e sinaliza??o Notch. Ambos os indiv?duos foram diagnosticados com DCF do tipo Taylor, mais especificadamente, do tipo IIb. No geral, os indiv?duos displ?sicos apresentaram altera??es na quantifica??o relativa na maioria dos genes analisados comparados aos indiv?duos controle, em todos os processos e grupos de estudo (fibroblastos, tecido cerebral, iPSCs e c?lulas neurodiferenciadas). Os genes envolvidos nos processos de migra??o e diferencia??o neural, aspectos sin?pticos e sinaliza??o Notch apresentaram express?es bastante alteradas nos indiv?duos displ?sicos, com o in?cio da maioria dos processos precoces, antes do per?odo fisiologicamente t?pico. A partir dos resultados encontrados, podemos inferir que durante o per?odo embrion?rio, no processo de neurog?nese e neurodiferencia??o, indiv?duos acometidos pela doen?a, possivelmente possuem neuroblastos mais sens?veis a est?mulos, apresentando diferen?as no desenvolvimento do Sistema Nervoso. Essas altera??es podem estar diretamente relacionadas com a forma??o do c?rebro displ?sico. Este trabalho amplia a compreens?o do neurodesenvolvimento embrion?rio, abrindo portas para futuras investiga??es de forma mais aprofundada sobre o envolvimento e influ?ncia de cada um dos genes analisados na patog?nese da DCF, bem como em cada mecanismo de a??o envolvido na forma??o do c?rebro

IMPACT OF THE USE OF PESTICIDES BY RURAL WORKERS IN BRAZIL

Brazil is the third largest market and the eighth largest consumer of pesticides per hectare in the world, with herbicides and insecticides accounting for 60% of the products traded in the country. The use of pesticides has increased worldwide in the last decades, which may represent a risk for several diseases in humans, including cancer. Although in Brazil the research on the impact of the use of pesticides on human health has grown in recent years, it is still insufficient to really know the real dimension of health damage caused mainly by occupational and food exposure, due to the intensive use of pesticides. This article aims to review the use of pesticides by rural workers in Brazil, highlighting the importance of preventive measures for their health

The effect of temperature on the biology of Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) (Phytoseiidae) in applied biological control program

Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) (Phytoseiidae) is a natural enemy of Tetranychus urticae Koch (TSSM), a common pest in several cultures, especially in greenhouses. This research aimed to know the biological parameters of a strain of P. macropilis from Vale do Taquari, State of Rio Grande do Sul, feeding on TSSM at different temperatures. The study was initiated with 30 eggs individualized in arenas under the temperature of 20, 25 and 30 ± 1°C and relative humidity of 80 ± 10%. The average length (T) of each generation decreased with the increase of temperature, ranging from 25.71 days at 20°C to 11.14 days at 30°C. The net reproductive rate (Ro) ranged from 45.47 at 20°C to 18.25 at 30°C; the innate capacity for increase (rm) was 0.15 at 20°C, reaching 0.26 at 30°C and the finite increase rate (λ) ranged from 1.41 to 1.82 females day-1 at 20 and 30°C, respectively. In the present study, it was observed that the strain of the evaluated predatory mite from mild climate of South Brazil, might present a good performance to control TSSM when exposed to a temperature range between 20 and 30°C.

Biology of Neoseiulus californicus feeding on two-spotted spider mite

Tetranychus urticae (Koch) stands out as a polyphagous mite. In a strawberry plant, this mite develops on the underside of leaves, causing a significant injury. This study aimed to know the biological characteristics of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), from cultivated strawberry plants. The study started with thirty eggs isolated in arenas with different stages of T. urticae. The average length of egg-adult was higher for females (5.69±0.08) than for males (5.35±0.11). The sex ratio was 0.66 and the innate capacity for increase (rm) was 0.15 female/female/day. The net reproductive rate (Ro) was 17.10 times/generation, with an average to each generation (T) of 19.35 days. Greater oviposition was observed at the 11th day after its onset, with 2.7 eggs/female/day and the average was 38.14±5.58 eggs/female. The finite increase rate (λ) was 1.41 female/day. Neoseiulus californicus showed to reproduce properly when feeding on T. urticae

Biology of Neoseiulus californicus feeding on two-spotted spider mite

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2013v26n2p105 Tetranychus urticae (Koch) stands out as a polyphagous mite. In a strawberry plant, this mite develops on the underside of leaves, causing a significant injury. This study aimed to know the biological characteristics of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), from cultivated strawberry plants. The study started with thirty eggs isolated in arenas with different stages of T. urticae. The average length of egg-adult was higher for females (5.69±0.08) than for males (5.35±0.11). The sex ratio was 0.66 and the innate capacity for increase (rm) was 0.15 female/female/day. The net reproductive rate (Ro) was 17.10 times/generation, with an average to each generation (T) of 19.35 days. Greater oviposition was observed at the 11th day after its onset, with 2.7 eggs/female/day and the average was 38.14±5.58 eggs/female. The finite increase rate (λ) was 1.41 female/day. Neoseiulus californicus showed to reproduce properly when feeding on T. urticae

Mites fluctuation population on peach tree (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) and in associated plants

Despite the importance of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) in Rio Grande do Sul, little is known about mites fluctuation population considered important to this crop. The objective of this study was to know the population diversity and fluctuation of mite species associated with Premier and Eldorado varieties in Roca Sales and Venâncio Aires counties, Rio Grande do Sul. The study was conducted from July 2008 to June 2009 when 15 plants were randomly chosen in each area. The plants were divided in quadrants and from each one a branch was chosen from which three leaves were removed: one collected in the apical region, another in the medium and the other in the basal region, totalizing 180 leaves/area. Five of the most abundant associated plants were collected monthly in enough amounts for the screening under the stereoscopic microscope during an hour. A total of 1,124 mites were found belonging to 14 families and 28 species. Tetranychus ludeni Zacher, 1913, Panonychus ulmi (Koch, 1836) and Mononychellus planki (McGregor, 1950) were the most abundant phytophagous mites, whereas Typhlodromalus aripo Deleon, 1967 and Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks, 1904) the most common predatory mites. The period of one hour under stereoscopic microscope was enough to get a representative sample. In both places evaluated the ecologic indices were low, but little higherin Premier (H' 0.56; EqJ: 0.43) when compared to Eldorado (H' 0.53; EqJ 0.40). In Premier constant species were not observed and accessory only Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939), T. ludeni and T. aripo. Higher abundance was observed in December and January and bigger amount in April. Already in Eldorado, T. ludeni and P. ulmi were constants. Greater abundance was observed in November and December, whereas grater richness in December and January. In both orchards were not found mites in buds. Tetranychus ludeni is the most abundant phytophagous mites with outbreak population in November, December and January and high predator diversity was observed on associated plants and on peach plants, indicating the existence of species mobility in peach orchard

Stigmaeid mites (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from vineyards in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Johann, Liana, Carvalho, Gervásio Silva, Majolo, Fernanda, Ferla, Noeli Juarez (2013): Stigmaeid mites (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from vineyards in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Zootaxa 3701 (2): 238-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3701.2.

Mites fluctuation population on peach tree (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) and in associated plants Flutuação populacional de ácaros na cultura do pessegueiro (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) e em plantas associadas

Despite the importance of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) in Rio Grande do Sul, little is known about mites fluctuation population considered important to this crop. The objective of this study was to know the population diversity and fluctuation of mite species associated with Premier and Eldorado varieties in Roca Sales and Venâncio Aires counties, Rio Grande do Sul. The study was conducted from July 2008 to June 2009 when 15 plants were randomly chosen in each area. The plants were divided in quadrants and from each one a branch was chosen from which three leaves were removed: one collected in the apical region, another in the medium and the other in the basal region, totalizing 180 leaves/area. Five of the most abundant associated plants were collected monthly in enough amounts for the screening under the stereoscopic microscope during an hour. A total of 1,124 mites were found belonging to 14 families and 28 species. Tetranychus ludeni Zacher, 1913, Panonychus ulmi (Koch, 1836) and Mononychellus planki (McGregor, 1950) were the most abundant phytophagous mites, whereas Typhlodromalus aripo Deleon, 1967 and Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks, 1904) the most common predatory mites. The period of one hour under stereoscopic microscope was enough to get a representative sample. In both places evaluated the ecologic indices were low, but little higherin Premier (H' 0.56; EqJ: 0.43) when compared to Eldorado (H' 0.53; EqJ 0.40). In Premier constant species were not observed and accessory only Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939), T. ludeni and T. aripo. Higher abundance was observed in December and January and bigger amount in April. Already in Eldorado, T. ludeni and P. ulmi were constants. Greater abundance was observed in November and December, whereas grater richness in December and January. In both orchards were not found mites in buds. Tetranychus ludeni is the most abundant phytophagous mites with outbreak population in November, December and January and high predator diversity was observed on associated plants and on peach plants, indicating the existence of species mobility in peach orchard.<br>Apesar da grande importância da cultura do pêssego [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] no Rio Grande do Sul, pouco se conhece sobre a diversidade e a flutuação populacional de ácaros considerados importantes para esta cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a flutuação populacional das espécies acarinas associadas às cultivares Premier e Eldorado nos municípios de Roca Sales e Venâncio Aires, Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo foi realizado no período de julho de 2008 a junho de 2009, quando foram amostradas 15 plantas escolhidas ao acaso numa área em cada município. As plantas foram divididas em quadrantes, e de cada quadrante foi escolhido um galho de onde foram retiradas três folhas das regiões apical, mediana e basal, totalizando 180 folhas/área. Foram coletadas, mensalmente, parte de cinco plantas não cultivadas mais abundantes. O período de uma hora sob microscópio estereoscópio foi suficiente para se obter uma amostra representativa. Um total de 1.124 ácaros foi coletado pertencentes a 14 famílias e 28 espécies. Tetranychus ludeni Zacher, 1913, Panonychus ulmi (Koch, 1836) e Mononychellus planki (McGregor, 1950) foram os ácaros fitófagos mais abundantes, enquanto Typhlodromalus aripo Deleon, 1967 e Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks, 1904) os ácaros predadores mais comuns. O esforço amostral foi suficiente. Nos dois pomares avaliados, os índices ecológicos foram baixos, mas um pouco superiores em Premier (H' 0,56; EqJ: 0,43) quando comparados a Eldorado (H' 0,53; EqJ 0,40). Em Premier não foram observadas espécies constantes, apenas acessórias com Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939), T. ludeni e T. aripo. Maior abundância foi observada em dezembro e janeiro, e maior quantidade em abril. Em Eldorado, T. ludeni e P. ulmi foram constantes. Maior abundância foi observada em novembro e dezembro, e maior quantidade em dezembro e janeiro. Não foram observados ácaros nas gemas. Tetranychus ludeni é o ácaro fitófago mais comum, com picos populacionais em novembro, dezembro e janeiro. Alta diversidade de ácaros predadores foi observada tanto em plantas associadas como em plantas de pessegueiro, indicando mobilidade das espécies predadoras na cultura