Static Analysis of Usefulness States in Transition P systems

Transition P Systems are a parallel and distributed computational model based on the notion of the cellular membrane structure. Each membrane determines a region that encloses a multiset of objects and evolution rules. Transition P Systems evolve through transitions between two consecutive configurations that are determined by the membrane structure and multisets present inside membranes. Moreover, transitions between two consecutive configurations are provided by an exhaustive non-deterministic and parallel application of evolution rules. But, to establish the rules to be applied, it is required the previous calculation of useful, applicable and active rules. Hence, computation of useful evolution rules is critical for the whole evolution process efficiency, because it is performed in parallel inside each membrane in every evolution step. This work defines usefulness states through an exhaustive analysis of the P system for every membrane and for every possible configuration of the membrane structure during the computation. Moreover, this analysis can be done in a static way; therefore membranes only have to check their usefulness states to obtain their set of useful rules during execution

Implementación de un juego de mus en red sobre SIP

El objetivo de este proyecto es crear un sistema para jugar al mus en red utilizando SIP como protocolo de señalización, y donde los usuarios podrán jugar partidas contra otros o contra un motor de inteligencia artificial. El sistema dispone de un servidor central donde los usuarios se conectan, y sirve de nexo entre ellos para unirse y jugar partidas. El proyecto también ha de permitir jugar a un jugador solo contra un motor de inteligencia artificial, creado en un TFC paralelo, realizado por otros compañeros y utilizado en éste. Tanto la aplicación cliente, como la del servidor, han sido programadas en Java. Se ha usado JAIN-SIP como implementación de SIP, una librería que define métodos y clases para poder utilizar el protocolo. Se ha realizado un estudio teórico del protocolo para poder implementar un servidor y un cliente propio. La aplicación cliente tiene una interfaz gráfica diseñada en SWT, una librería de Java que utiliza los componentes nativos del sistema operativo. La interfaz está estructurada en tres paneles, según la función de cada uno: sala de conexión, sala de partidas y el tapete de juego. El servidor central ha de controlar la creación de partidas y la presencia de los usuarios, permitiendo que éstos conozcan quién está conectado y dándoles la posibilidad de crear una lista privada con sus amigos. El servidor también ofrece a los usuarios un chat para comunicarse. Una vez empieza la partida, se crea un motor de juego, que realiza las funciones de servidor de la partida. Durante la partida, el servidor central sigue manteniendo el control de presencia, y si un jugador abandona, ha de añadir un motor de inteligencia artificial que continúe la partida por él. Asimismo, si este jugador vuelve a conectarse el servidor le da la opción de retornar a la partida

A Hierarchical Architecture with Parallel Comunication for Implementing P Systems

Membrane systems are computational equivalent to Turing machines. However, its distributed and massively parallel nature obtain polynomial solutions opposite to traditional non-polynomial ones. Nowadays, developed investigation for implementing membrane systems has not yet reached the massively parallel character of this computational model. Better published approaches have achieved a distributed architecture denominated “partially parallel evolution with partially parallel communication” where several membranes are allocated at each processor, proxys are used to communicate with membranes allocated at different processors and a policy of access control to the communications is mandatory. With these approaches, it is obtained processors parallelism in the application of evolution rules and in the internal communication among membranes allocated inside each processor. Even though, external communications share a common communication line, needed for the communication among membranes arranged in different processors, are sequential. In this work, we present a new hierarchical architecture that reaches external communication parallelism among processors and substantially increases parallelization in the application of evolution rules and internal communications. Consequently, necessary time for each evolution step is reduced. With all of that, this new distributed hierarchical architecture is near to the massively parallel character required by the model

Respuesta a la salinidad en maceta de las especies de gerbera y dalia en función del drenaje de riego

El presente estudio fue realizado para determinar: (a) el grado de tolerancia a la salinidad de gerbera y dalia cultivadas en maceta; y (b) si aplicar riegos consecutivos sin drenar y realizar un drenaje fuerte tras un número determinado de riegos reduce o no los efectos negativos de la salinidad comparado con drenar ligeramente en todos los riegos.Escuela Técnica superior de Ingeniería AgronómicaUniversidad Politécnica de Cartagen

Factores de riesgo de desnutrición aguda en niños de seis a veinticuatro meses atendidos en los establecimientos de salud de tres distritos de Huánuco – 2005

To identify risk factors associated to acute malnutrition in children from six to twenty-four months, treated in hospitals in Huánuco district – 2005. A study of cases and controls were designed, and 181 cases with acute malnutrition with the same number of eutrophic controls were selected. The interview and survey were applied to mothers or relatives who take care of children. The bivariate analysis to estimate possibility ratios and confidence intervals (CI 95%) was performed; statistical differences were analyzed using the X2 Test of Pearson. Significant variables were: incomplete immunization, presence of acute respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, literacy rate of mother, integral care of the child, rate of absence to control growth and development, practice of washing hands of child, breastfeeding, age of onset of complementary feeding, frequency of servings per day, lack of drinking water supply, inadequate conservation of toilets or latrines, low family income, reduced spending in food, insufficient guidance and counseling on nutrition and child care, inappropriate treatment of staff health and delay in health care. Concluding that biological factors, maternal factors, dietary practices, environmental factors, socioeconomic factors, and factors of health service supply are decisive in cases for acute malnutrition.Para identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a la desnutrición aguda en niños de seis a veinticuatro meses, atendidos en los establecimientos de salud del distrito de Huánuco - 2005. Se diseñó un estudio de casos y controles, fueron seleccionados 181 casos con desnutrición aguda con el mismo número de controles eutróficos. La entrevista y encuesta fueron aplicadas a las madres o familiares responsables de los niños. Se efectuó el análisis bivariado para estimar las razones de posibilidades y sus intervalos de confianza (IC 95%); las diferencias estadísticas se analizaron mediante la prueba de X2 de Pearson. Las variables significativas de fueron: inmunización incompleta, presencia de infecciones respiratorias agudas, enfermedades diarreicas, Tasa de alfabetización de la madre, cuidado integral del niño, tasa de inasistencia al control de crecimiento y desarrollo, práctica del lavado de manos del niño, lactancia materna, edad de inicio de alimentación complementaria, frecuencia de raciones por día, suministro de carencia de agua potable, inadecuada conservación de servicios higiénicos o letrinas, bajo ingreso económico familiar, reducido gasto en alimentos, insuficiente orientación y consejería en nutrición y cuidados del niño, inadecuado trato del personal de salud y demora en la atención de salud. Concluyendo que los factores biológicos, los factores maternos, prácticas alimentarias, los factores ambientales, los factores socioeconómicos y los factores de la oferta de servicios de salud son determinantes en los casos para la desnutrición aguda

Ethanol exerts dual effects on calcium homeostasis in CCK-8-stimulated mouse pancreatic acinar cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A significant percentage of patients with pancreatitis often presents a history of excessive alcohol consumption. Nevertheless, the patho-physiological effect of ethanol on pancreatitis remains poorly understood. In the present study, we have investigated the early effects of acute ethanol exposure on CCK-8-evoked Ca²⁺signals in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Changes in [Ca²⁺]_iand ROS production were analyzed employing fluorescence techniques after loading cells with fura-2 or CM-H₂DCFDA, respectively.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Ethanol, in the concentration range from 1 to 50 mM, evoked an oscillatory pattern in [Ca²⁺]_i. In addition, ethanol evoked reactive oxygen species generation (ROS) production. Stimulation of cells with 1 nM or 20 pM CCK-8, respectively led to a transient change and oscillations in [Ca²⁺]_i. In the presence of ethanol a transformation of 20 pM CCK-8-evoked physiological oscillations into a single transient increase in [Ca²⁺]_iin the majority of cells was observed. Whereas, in response to 1 nM CCK-8, the total Ca²⁺mobilization was significantly increased by ethanol pre-treatment. Preincubation of cells with 1 mM 4-MP, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, or 10 μM of the antioxidant cinnamtannin B-1, reverted the effect of ethanol on total Ca²⁺mobilization evoked by 1 nM CCK-8. Cinnamtannin B-1 blocked ethanol-evoked ROS production.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>ethanol may lead, either directly or through ROS generation, to an over stimulation of pancreatic acinar cells in response to CCK-8, resulting in a higher Ca²⁺mobilization compared to normal conditions. The actions of ethanol on CCK-8-stimulation of cells create a situation potentially leading to Ca²⁺overload, which is a common pathological precursor that mediates pancreatitis.</p

The current status and future prospects for therapeutic targeting of KEAP1-NRF2 and β-TrCP-NRF2 interactions in cancer chemoresistance

Drug resistance is one of the biggest challenges in cancer treatment and limits the potential to cure patients. In many tumors, sustained activation of the protein NRF2 makes tumor cells resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy. Thus, blocking inappropriate NRF2 activity in cancers has been shown to reduce resistance in models of the disease. There is a growing scientific interest in NRF2 inhibitors. However, the compounds developed so far are not target-specific and are associated with a high degree of toxicity, hampering clinical applications. Compounds that can enhance the binding of NRF2 to its ubiquitination-facilitating regulator proteins, either KEAP1 or β-TrCP, have the potential to increase NRF2 degradation and may be of value as potential chemosensitising agents in cancer treatment. Approaches based on molecular glue-type mechanisms, in which ligands stabilise a ternary complex between a protein and its binding partner have shown to enhance β-catenin degradation by stabilising its interaction with β-TrCP. This strategy could be applied to rationally discover degradative β-TrCP-NRF2 and KEAP1-NRF2 protein-protein interaction enhancers. We are proposing a novel approach to selectively suppress NRF2 activity in tumors. It is based on recent methodology and has the potential to be a promising new addition to the arsenal of anticancer agents

The effect of velocity ratio on thermal-hydraulic performance of reciprocating scraped surface heat exchangers at low Reynolds number

The thermal-hydraulic performance of a reciprocating scraper inserted in a round tube at low Reynolds number is studied. Pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics have been experimentally determined in static conditions in laminar regime (Reh=30), and results are contrasted with dynamic performance at several velocity ratios (ω=0.1 - 1). Maximum increases of Fanning friction factor of the order of 1.2 have been found, together with increases in Nusselt number of the order of 2, using propylene-glycol as working fluid.This research has been partially financed by the DPI2007-66551-C02-01 grant of the ''Dirección General de Investigación del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia de España'' and the “HRS Spiratube” company

Verificación de desplazamientos, para edificación de cinco pisos, utilizando estructuras de concreto armado con albañilería; Provincia Constitucional Callao - Perú, 2021

La presente tesis tiene como objetivo la verificación de desplazamientos para una edificación multifamiliar de cinco pisos, en la provincia Constitucional Del Callao. La investigación fue realizada bajo un enfoque cuantitativo cuyo tipo de investigación es aplicada, no experimental transversal descriptivo simple, cuenta con un nivel de investigación de tipo descriptivo, cuya estructura principal son los elementos de concreto armado, como son: la losa, los muros estructurales, la viga peraltada y cimientos; así como los elementos de albañilería confinada como: muros estructurales de albañilería. La edificación cuenta con un área de 160.00m2 y un área techada de 545.249m2 que consta de cinco pisos. El sistema estructural está compuesto por elementos de concreto armado con albañilería confinada. Se realizó análisis sísmico y de desplazamiento basándonos en lo indicado en la norma E030, posteriormente se verificó el comportamiento de la estructura mediante el programa ETABS, obteniendo los datos ideales para la verificación de los desplazamientos. Su importancia radica en la zona sísmica del proyecto, en la dificultad debido a la variación de ambientes y en la poca consecuencia de muros estructurales, presentados por niveles en la presente edificación. Siendo estos factores críticos ante la ocurrencia de sismos