Failure Detectors in Homonymous Distributed Systems (with an Application to Consensus).

This paper is on homonymous distributed systems where processes are prone to crash failures and have no initial knowledge of the system membership (?homonymous? means that several processes may have the same identi?er). New classes of failure detectors suited to these systems are ?rst de?ned. Among them, the classes H? and H? are introduced that are the homonymous counterparts of the classes ? and ?, respectively. (Recall that the pair h?,?i de?nes the weakest failure detector to solve consensus.) Then, the paper shows how H? and H? can be implemented in homonymous systems without membership knowledge (under different synchrony requirements). Finally, two algorithms are presented that use these failure detectors to solve consensus in homonymous asynchronous systems where there is no initial knowledge ofthe membership. One algorithm solves consensus with hH?, H?i, while the other uses only H?, but needs a majority of correct processes. Observe that the systems with unique identi?ers and anonymous systems are extreme cases of homonymous systems from which follows that all these results also apply to these systems. Interestingly, the new failure detector class H? can be implemented with partial synchrony, while the analogous class A? de?ned for anonymous systems can not be implemented (even in synchronous systems). Hence, the paper provides us with the ?rst proof showing that consensus can be solved in anonymous systems with only partial synchrony (and a majority of correct processes)

Expression and localization of the polarity protein CRB2 in adult mouse brain: a comparison with the CRB1rd8 mutant mouse model

Acquisition of cell polarization is essential for the performance of crucial functions, like a successful secretion and appropriate cell signaling in many tissues, and it depends on the correct functioning of polarity proteins, including the Crumbs complex. The CRB proteins, CRB1, CRB2 and CRB3, identified in mammals, are expressed in epithelial-derived tissues like brain, kidney and retina. CRB2 has a ubiquitous expression and has been detected in embryonic brain tissue; but currently there is no data regarding its localization in the adult brain. In our study, we characterized the presence of CRB2 in adult mice brain, where it is particularly enriched in cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and cerebellum. Double immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that CRB2 is a neuron-specific protein, present in both soma and projections where colocalizes with certain populations of exocytic and endocytic vesicles and with other members of the Crumbs complex. Finally, in the cortex of CRB1rd8 mutant mice that contain a mutation in the Crb1 gene generating a truncated CRB1 protein, there is an abnormal increase in the expression levels of the CRB2 protein which suggests a possible compensatory mechanism for the malfunction of CRB1 in this mutant background.This study was supported by Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias Instituto Carlos III (PI15/01240), co-funded by European Union (ERDF/ESF, “Investing in your future”) to C.L. A. Velasco, R. Arévalo and C. Lillo are members of the UIC.077 from Junta de Castilla y León

Implementing the weakest failure detector for solving consensus

The concept of unreliable failure detector was introduced by Chandra and Toueg as a mechanism that provides information about process failures. This mechanism has been used to solve several agreement problems, such as the consensus problem. In this paper, algorithms that implement failure detectors in partially synchronous systems are presented. First two simple algorithms of the weakest class to solve the consensus problem, namely the Eventually Strong class (⋄S), are presented. While the first algorithm is wait-free, the second algorithm is f-resilient, where f is a known upper bound on the number of faulty processes. Both algorithms guarantee that, eventually, all the correct processes agree permanently on a common correct process, i.e. they also implement a failure detector of the class Omega (Ω). They are also shown to be optimal in terms of the number of communication links used forever. Additionally, a wait-free algorithm that implements a failure detector of the Eventually Perfect class (⋄P) is presented. This algorithm is shown to be optimal in terms of the number of bidirectional links used forever

Beneficios de la lectura sobre la salud y el bienestar de las personas. Estudio sobre aspectos preventivos de la lectura

The aim of this study is to identify and analyse the elements associated with reading in order to find out how reading habits affect health. For this purpose, a cross-sectional sample study was carried out by means of a survey among people who usually read and which was distributed online through distribution lists and social networks interested in the field of reading and health. In it, the respondents had to assess those aspects that they consider most important for them regarding reading such as: tranquility, fun, information and others. A total of 1,511 surveys were completed from various countries, especially from Spain and Latin American countries. The results observed show that, in addition to valuing the importance of reading in relation to traditional functions such as training and information activities, the respondents also use and value the capacity that reading has in relation to preventive and healthy aspects such as: alleviating loneliness, avoiding negative thoughts and better managing emotions

Lectura y salud : estudio de campo sobre los aspectos paliativos y curativos de la lectura

El objetivo de este estudio es tratar de identificar los elementos de la lectura que nos implican más poderosamente con esta actividad, para conocer cómo inciden los hábitos lectores sobre la Salud. Para ello se diseñó un estudio transversal de tipo muestral realizado mediante una encuesta entre personas que habitualmente leen, que fue distribuida en línea a través de listas de distribución y redes sociales interesadas en el ámbito de la lectura y la salud. En la misma, los encuestados tenían que valorar aquellos aspectos que consideraban más importante para ellos respecto a la lectura: tranquilidad, diversión, información y otros. Se recogieron 1511 respuestas de varios países, especialmente de España y Latinoamérica. los resultados ponen de manifiesto que además de valora la importancia de la lectura en relación con las funciones tradicionales relacionadas con las actividades formativas e informativas, los encuestados también utilizan y valoran la capacidad que tienen la lectura en relación a los aspectos preventivos y positivos como son: paliar la soledad, evitar pensamientos negativos y gestionar mejor las emociones.The aim of this study is to try to identify the elements of reading that most powerfully involve us with this activity in order to learn how reading habits affect health. To this end, a cross-sectional sample study was designed using a survey of people who regularly read, which was disseminated online through distribution lists and social networks interested in the area of reading and health. The respondents had to assess those aspects they considered most important regarding reading: tranquility, fun, information and others. Exactly 1,511 responses were obtained from several countries, especially from Spain and Latin America. The results show that in addition to valuing the importance of reading in relation to traditional functions associated with training and information activities, respondents also use and value reading as a preventive and positive way of facing loneliness, avoiding negative thoughts and better managing emotions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

La lectura y su relación con la salud y el bienestar de las personas

The aim of this study was to try to identify the elements of reading that involve us most powerfully in this activity, in order to determine how reading habits affect health. To this end, a survey was designed and distributed among people who habitually read, from the Autonomous Communities of Castilla y León, Extremadura, Madrid, and Asturias. In this, the respondents had to assess those aspects that they considered most important for them regarding reading: tranquility, fun, information, and others. Collected and analyzed 255 responses, the results highlight that, above traditional functions related to training and information, the respondents valued most the healing aspects of reading, such as alleviating loneliness, avoiding negative thoughts and managing emotions better

Failure detectors in homonymous distributed systems (with an application to consensus)

ABSTRACT This paper is on homonymous distributed systems where processes are prone to crash failures and have no initial knowledge of the system membership (‘‘homonymous’’ means that several processes may have the same identifier). New classes of failure detectors suited to these systems are first defined. Among them, the classes HΩ and HΣ are introduced that are the homonymous counterparts of the Classes Ω and Σ, respectively. (Recall that the pair ⟨Ω, Σ⟩ defines the weakest failure detector to solve consensus.) Then, the paper shows how HΩ and HΣ can be implemented in homonymous systems without membership knowledge (under different synchrony requirements). Finally, two algorithms are presented that use these failure detectors to solve consensus in homonymous asynchronous systems where there is no initial knowledge of the membership. One algorithm solves consensus with ⟨HΩ, HΣ⟩, while the other uses only HΩ, but needs a majority of correct processes. Observe that the systems with unique identifiers and anonymous systems are extreme cases of homonymous systems from which follows that all these results also apply to these systems. Interestingly, the new failure detector class HΩ can be implemented with partial synchrony (i.e., all messages sent after some bounded time GST will be received after at most an unknown bounded latency δ), while the analogous class AΩ defined for anonymous systems cannot be implemented (even in synchronous systems). Hence, the paper provides the first consensus algorithm for anonymous systems with this model of partial synchrony and a majority of correct processes

La lectura y su relación con la salud y el bienestar de las personas

[ES] El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los elementos de la lectura que nos implican más poderosamente en esta actividad y su relación con la salud. Para esto se diseñó y distribuyó una encuesta entre personas que habitualmente leen, pertenecientes a las Comunidades autónomas de Castilla y León, Extremadura, Madrid y Asturias. En esta, los encuestados tenían que valorar aquellos aspectos que consideraban más importantes para ellos respecto a la lectura: tranquilidad, diversión, información y otros. Recogidas y analizadas 255 respuestas, los resultados pusieron de relieve que por encima de las funciones tradicionales relacionadas con las actividades formativas e informativas, lo que más valoran los encuestados son los aspectos protectores de la lectura, como paliar la soledad, evitar pensamientos negativos y gestionar mejor las emociones.[ENG} The aim of this study was to try to identify the elements of reading that involve us most powerfully in this activity, in order to determine how reading habits affect health. To this end, a survey was designed and distributed among people who habitually read, from the Autonomous Communities of Castilla y León, Extremadura, Madrid, and Asturias. In this, the respondents had to assess those aspects that they considered most important for them regarding reading: tranquility, fun, information, and others. Collected and analyzed 255 responses, the results highlight that, above traditional functions related to training and information, the respondents valued most the healing aspects of reading, such as alleviating loneliness, avoiding negative thoughts and managing emotions better.Infomed - Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médica

La lectura y su relación con la salud y el bienestar de las personas

The aim of this study was to try to identify the elements of reading that involve us most powerfully in this activity, in order to determine how reading habits affect health. To this end, a survey was designed and distributed among people who habitually read, from the Autonomous Communities of Castilla y León, Extremadura, Madrid, and Asturias. In this, the respondents had to assess those aspects that they considered most important for them regarding reading: tranquility, fun, information, and others. Collected and analyzed 255 responses, the results highlight that, above traditional functions related to training and information, the respondents valued most the healing aspects of reading, such as alleviating loneliness, avoiding negative thoughts and managing emotions better