5G vs 4G, What\u27s the Difference?

5G is rolling out in 2020. What is going to be different than 4G? Compared to the fourth generation, 5G will have lower latency, faster download speed, and will be able to connect the Internet of Things on a world scale. The possibilities that come with 5G will revolutionize how the world works

Early Public Libraries and Colonial Citizenship in the British Southern Hemisphere

This open access Pivot book is a comparative study of six early colonial public libraries in nineteenth-century Australia, South Africa, and Southeast Asia. Drawing on networked conceptualisations of empire, transnational frameworks, and ‘new imperial history’ paradigms that privilege imbricated colonial and metropolitan ‘intercultures’, it looks at the neglected role of public libraries in shaping a programme of Anglophone civic education, scientific knowledge creation, and modernisation in the British southern hemisphere. The book’s six chapters analyse institutional models and precedents, reading publics and types, book holdings and catalogues, and regional scientific networks in order to demonstrate the significance of these libraries for the construction of colonial identity, citizenship, and national self-government as well as charting their influence in shaping perceptions of social class, gender, and race. Using primary source material from the recently completed ‘Book Catalogues of the Colonial Southern Hemisphere’ digital archive, the book argues that public libraries played a formative role in colonial public discourse, contributing to broader debates on imperial citizenship and nation-statehood across different geographic, cultural, and linguistic borders

Brexit, Erewhon, and Utopia

Viewing Brexit as part of a longer history of Anglo-Saxon racial and cultural ex-ceptionalism, this article reflects on what Samuel Butler’s satirical novel Erewhon, or Over the Range (1872) can tell us about the utopian impulses informing Brexit’s neoimperialist ideology and hence about British identity politics today. Set in an inward-looking, socially homogeneous, and postindustrial society somewhere in the colonial southern hemisphere, Erewhon provides an anachronistic simulacrum of both an isolationist “Little England” and an imperial “Global Britain,” critiquing the idea of the self-sufficient, ethnonationalist “island nation” by demonstrating the extent to which it relies on the racial logic of White utopia-nism, as well as on a disavowal of the non-British labor that supports and sustains it.European Commission Horizon 202

Historical Style and the Man of Letters: Macaulay and Carlyle

Focusing on the reception history of Thomas Babington Macaulay’s History of England and Thomas Carlyle’s French Revolution, this chapter rehabilitates prose style as part of a technical discourse that reflects and mediates the domain of historical knowledge production. More specifically, it argues that the stylistic innovations associated with review essays opened official history up to ‘the more visceral language of journalism’, as well as to more idiomatic and anecdotal styles than those sanctioned by the decorous prose of neoclassical history. At the same time, Macaulay and Carlyle’s status as ‘amateur’ reviewers and essayists determined their exclusion from the emerging specialist field of academic history. The chapter concludes, first, that stylistic virtuosity did not negate the gradual and ongoing process of historical specialisation in the period; and second, that we require a looser definition of the ‘professional’ historian in the nineteenth century, one that is detached from the attainment of academic or institutional positions, and which is able to accommodate various historical styles, from the neoclassical and Anglo-British style to Carlyle’s ‘Gothic and Gaelic confection’.</p

Capital, Conversion, and Settler Colonialism in Samuel Butler’s Erewhon

Viewing capitalism as emerging primarily from within the framework of empire rather than the nation state, this essay considers the relationship between capital, conversion, and settler colonialism in Samuel Butler’s Erewhon, or Over the Range (1872). It looks, first, at the novel’s critique of Wakefieldian organized settlement schemes as systems sustained by various forms of capital accumulation and free/unfree labour; and second, at its over-arching evangelical conversion narrative, which both frames and structures the main body of the text. The essay argues that, far from directing its satire wholly or even primarily towards metropolitan Britain, the novel enacts two circulating mid-nineteenth-century settler colonial anxieties: concerns about a perceived crisis of diminishing industriousness and economic exhaustion in colonial Australia and New Zealand, and concerns about the efficacy of British humanitarianism and missionary conversion. It considers the former in the context of the disruptions to settlement caused by the gold rushes in Australia and New Zealand in the 1850s and 1860s, and the latter in the context of missionary and humanitarian efforts to ameliorate conditions for Indigenous peoples from the 1830s onwards. The essay’s larger claim is that Erewhon presents capital and conversion as structurally interconnected mechanisms of an evolving Anglo-settler state in New Zealand. Radicalizing a tradition of economic critique of empire beginning with Adam Smith, Butler satirizes the idea of colonialism as an essentially liberal system by showing how much it is intertwined with exploitative practices of territorial expansion, dispossession, capital accumulation, unfree labour, missionary conversion, and racial assimilation.European Commission Horizon 202

Anatomising the "Case": Shelley's The Cenci, Browning's The Ring and the Book, and the Origins of the Dramatic Monologue

This chapter considers the ongoing influence of The Cenci on a range of Browning's work, from "My Last Duchess" to The Ring and the Book to "Cenciaja". The basis of its argument lies not only in Browning's lifelong interest in The Cenci, but also in the correspondences between the form and themes of Percy Bysshe Shelley play and Browning's monologues. Despite the obvious continuities in Browning's literary career, most critics are at pains to separate his dramas and early poems from his dramatic monologues. Several other critics have attempted to demonstrate why Browning abandoned the drama for the dramatic monologue. Armstrong has shown the extent to which Browning's early attempts at the dramatic form were influenced by the Monthly Repository circles' belief in its significance as a democratic genre that could best represent ideological conflict and moral complexity

Historical Reviewing: Specialisation and Periodical Culture

This chapter considers questions relating to the occupational identity of the ‘historian’ in nineteenth-century periodical culture, focusing on the years from 1820-50 before the onset of dedicated historical review journals. In analysing reviews of historical texts in the Edinburgh Review and other organs of ‘higher journalism’ such as the Quarterly Review and the Athenaeum, it demonstrates that changes in historical methodology were intimately connected to the praxis, marketing, and (gendered) reception of written history. Far from being incidental to more bureaucratic and institutional endeavours to define the identity of the historical profession from the 1850s onwards, essayists and reviewers were central to the specialisation, masculinisation, and professionalisation of historical discourse. Book reviews and essays can therefore help us to recover dynamic ‘modes of emergence’ in both periodical and historiographical culture, and to rethink the nineteenth-century historical field as one that developed gradually from within a commercial knowledge industry rather than as one inherently divided between amateurs and professionals</p

Capital, Conversion, and Settler Colonialism in Samuel Butler’s Erewhon

Abstract Viewing capitalism as emerging primarily from within the framework of empire rather than the nation state, this essay considers the relationship between capital, conversion, and settler colonialism in Samuel Butler’s Erewhon, or Over the Range (1872). It looks, first, at the novel’s critique of Wakefieldian organized settlement schemes as systems sustained by various forms of capital accumulation and free/unfree labour; and second, at its over-arching evangelical conversion narrative, which both frames and structures the main body of the text. The essay argues that, far from directing its satire wholly or even primarily towards metropolitan Britain, the novel enacts two circulating mid-nineteenth-century settler colonial anxieties: concerns about a perceived crisis of diminishing industriousness and economic exhaustion in colonial Australia and New Zealand, and concerns about the efficacy of British humanitarianism and missionary conversion. It considers the former in the context of the disruptions to settlement caused by the gold rushes in Australia and New Zealand in the 1850s and 1860s, and the latter in the context of missionary and humanitarian efforts to ameliorate conditions for Indigenous peoples from the 1830s onwards. The essay’s larger claim is that Erewhon presents capital and conversion as structurally interconnected mechanisms of an evolving Anglo-settler state in New Zealand. Radicalizing a tradition of economic critique of empire beginning with Adam Smith, Butler satirizes the idea of colonialism as an essentially liberal system by showing how much it is intertwined with exploitative practices of territorial expansion, dispossession, capital accumulation, unfree labour, missionary conversion, and racial assimilation.</jats:p

Brexit, Erewhon, and Utopia

Viewing Brexit as part of a longer history of Anglo-Saxon racial and cultural exceptionalism, this article reflects on what Samuel Butler’s satirical novel Erewhon, or Over the Range (1872) can tell us about the utopian impulses informing Brexit’s neoimperialist ideology and hence about British identity politics today. Set in an inward-looking, socially homogeneous, and postindustrial society somewhere in the colonial southern hemisphere, Erewhon provides an anachronistic simulacrum of both an isolationist “Little England” and an imperial “Global Britain,” critiquing the idea of the self-sufficient, ethnonationalist “island nation” by demonstrating the extent to which it relies on the racial logic of White utopianism, as well as on a disavowal of the non-British labor that supports and sustains it.</jats:p