8,084 research outputs found
Epidemiology of Traffic Accidents
The epidemiology of traffic accidents is studied. Various factors include the nature of fatal injuries, the racial, sex and age distribution, the scene of accident, the weather and the time, the different categories of commuters and the trip purpose, the types of vehicles and motorways involved. The establishment of a traffic accident assessment team is recommended.S. Afr. Med. J., 48, 599 (1974
<i>âWeâre Seeking Relevanceâ</i>: Qualitative Perspectives on the Impact of Learning Analytics on Teaching and Learning
Whilst a significant body of learning analytics research tends to focus on impact from the perspective of usability or improved learning outcomes, this paper proposes an approach based on Affordance Theory to describe awareness and intention as a bridge between usability and impact. 10 educators at 3 European institutions participated in detailed interviews on the affordances they perceive in using learning analytics to support practice in education. Evidence illuminates connections between an educatorâs epistemic beliefs about learning and the purpose of education, their perception of threats or resources in delivering a successful learning experience, and the types of data they would consider as evidence in recognising or regulating learning. This evidence can support the learning analytics community in considering the proximity to the student, the role of the educator, and their personal belief structure in developing robust analytics tools that educators may be more likely to use
Egg shape changes at the theropodâbird transition, and a morphometric study of amniote eggs
The eggs of amniotes exhibit a remarkable variety of shapes,
from spherical to elongate and from symmetrical to asymmetrical.
We examine eggshell geometry in a diverse sample of fossil
and living amniotes using geometric morphometrics and linear
measurements. Our goal is to quantify patterns of morphospace
occupation and shape variation in the eggs of recent through to
Mesozoic birds (neornithe plus non-neornithe avialans), as well
as in eggs attributed to non-avialan theropods. In most amniotes,
eggs show signiïŹcant deviation from sphericity, but departure
from symmetry around the equatorial axis is mostly conïŹned
to theropods and birds. Mesozoic bird eggs differ signiïŹcantly
from extant bird eggs, but extinct Cenozoic bird eggs do not. This
suggests that the range of egg shapes in extant birds had already
been attained in the Cenozoic. We conclude with a discussion
of possible biological factors imparting variation to egg shapes
during their formation in the oviduct
Key traveller groups of relevance to spatial malaria transmission: a survey of movement patterns in four sub-Saharan African countries
Background: As malaria prevalence declines in many parts of the world due to widescale control efforts and as drug-resistant parasites begin to emerge, a quantitative understanding of human movement is becoming increasingly relevant to malaria control. However, despite its importance, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding human movement, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
Methods: A quantitative survey of human movement patterns was conducted in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa: Mali, Burkina Faso, Zambia, and Tanzania, with three to five survey locations chosen in each country. Questions were included on demographic and trip details, malaria risk behaviour, children accompanying travellers, and mobile phone usage to enable phone signal data to be better correlated with movement. A total of 4352 individuals were interviewed and 6411 trips recorded.
Results: A cluster analysis of trips highlighted two distinct traveller groups of relevance to malaria transmission: women travelling with children (in all four countries) and youth workers (in Mali). Women travelling with children were more likely to travel to areas of relatively high malaria prevalence in Mali (OR = 4.46, 95 % CI = 3.42â5.83), Burkina Faso (OR = 1.58, 95 % CI = 1.23â1.58), Zambia (OR = 1.50, 95 % CI = 1.20â1.89), and Tanzania (OR = 2.28, 95 % CI = 1.71â3.05) compared to other travellers. They were also more likely to own bed nets in Burkina Faso (OR = 1.77, 95 % CI = 1.25â2.53) and Zambia (OR = 1.74, 95 % CI = 1.34 2.27), and less likely to own a mobile phone in Mali (OR = 0.50, 95 % CI = 0.39â0.65), Burkina Faso (OR = 0.39, 95 % CI = 0.30â0.52), and Zambia (OR = 0.60, 95 % CI = 0.47â0.76). Malian youth workers were more likely to travel to areas of relatively high malaria prevalence (OR = 23, 95 % CI = 17â31) and for longer durations (mean of 70 days cf 21 days, p < 0.001) compared to other travellers.
Conclusions: Women travelling with children were a remarkably consistent traveller group across all four countries surveyed. They are expected to contribute greatly towards spatial malaria transmission because the children they travel with tend to have high parasite prevalence. Youth workers were a significant traveller group in Mali and are expected to contribute greatly to spatial malaria transmission because their movements correlate with seasonal rains and hence peak mosquito densities. Interventions aimed at interrupting spatial transmission of parasites should consider these traveller groups
RegenBase: a knowledge base of spinal cord injury biology for translational research.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) research is a data-rich field that aims to identify the biological mechanisms resulting in loss of function and mobility after SCI, as well as develop therapies that promote recovery after injury. SCI experimental methods, data and domain knowledge are locked in the largely unstructured text of scientific publications, making large scale integration with existing bioinformatics resources and subsequent analysis infeasible. The lack of standard reporting for experiment variables and results also makes experiment replicability a significant challenge. To address these challenges, we have developed RegenBase, a knowledge base of SCI biology. RegenBase integrates curated literature-sourced facts and experimental details, raw assay data profiling the effect of compounds on enzyme activity and cell growth, and structured SCI domain knowledge in the form of the first ontology for SCI, using Semantic Web representation languages and frameworks. RegenBase uses consistent identifier schemes and data representations that enable automated linking among RegenBase statements and also to other biological databases and electronic resources. By querying RegenBase, we have identified novel biological hypotheses linking the effects of perturbagens to observed behavioral outcomes after SCI. RegenBase is publicly available for browsing, querying and download.Database URL:http://regenbase.org
A Case of Immune-Mediated Pneumonitis Associated With Dual Nivolumab and Ipilimumab Immunotherapy Treatment
Nivolumab and ipilimumab are immunotherapy agents used in combination to treat metastatic melanoma and have proven to be efficacious. However, they have been linked to the development of immune-mediated inflammatory processes in various organ systems and tissues, including immune-mediated pneumonitis (IMP). This case report describes a 50-year-old female patient with metastatic melanoma who was treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab therapy and developed IMP as a complication. Despite treatment with steroids and infliximab, the patient\u27s condition worsened, and she passed away due to respiratory compromise. This report emphasizes the potential for serious complications in patients receiving combination immunotherapy and highlights the importance of close monitoring and risk stratification, particularly in patients with underlying lung conditions
Studies on the acylation of 4-(2-aminoethylthio)-7-nitrobenzofurazan: the role of bases in promoting the formation of fluorescent S-acyl derivatives through SâN Smiles rearrangement
The acylation of 4-(2-aminoethylthio)-7-nitrobenzofurazan has been investigated. Depending on the use of the base, a competitive Smiles rearrangement occurs during the acylation step leading to the formation of N-acyl and/or fluorescent S-acyl derivatives. The acylating agent also affects the ratio of N/S acylated isomers
Comparative analysis of the risks of hospitalisation and death associated with SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) and delta (B.1.617.2) variants in England:a cohort study
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