Isotretinoin and psychopathology: a review

Isotretinoin, a synthetic oral retinoid that is used against severe nodulocystic acne, has been associated with various psychiatric side effects such as depression, suicidality and psychotic symptoms. A great number of reports on its effects have been published since its introduction into the market. However, a causal relationship has not been established and the link between isotretinoin use and psychiatric events remains controversial. The present paper reviews the available evidence regarding the association of isotretinoin and psychiatric side effects. All published material reporting psychiatric side effects following isotretinoin treatment, including case reports, case series, reports from adverse drug event reporting systems, prospective surveys and retrospective case-control studies, are presented. In addition, the neurobiology of the retinoids and possible biological mechanisms that may lead to psychopathology are described

Structurally Diverse Metal Coordination Compounds, Bearing Imidodiphosphinate and Diphosphinoamine Ligands, as Potential Inhibitors of the Platelet Activating Factor

Metal complexes bearing dichalcogenated imidodiphosphinate [R2P(E)NP(E)R2′]− ligands (E = O, S, Se, Te), which act as (E,E) chelates, exhibit a remarkable variety of three-dimensional structures. A series of such complexes, namely, square-planar [Cu{(OPPh2)(OPPh2)N-O, O}2], tetrahedral [Zn{(EPPh2)(EPPh2)N-E,E}2], E = O, S, and octahedral [Ga{(OPPh2)(OPPh2)N-O,O}3], were tested as potential inhibitors of either the platelet activating factor (PAF)- or thrombin-induced aggregation in both washed rabbit platelets and rabbit platelet rich plasma. For comparison, square-planar [Ni{(Ph2P)2N-S-CHMePh-P, P}X2], X = Cl, Br, the corresponding metal salts of all complexes and the (OPPh2)(OPPh2)NH ligand were also investigated. Ga(O,O)3 showed the highest anti-PAF activity but did not inhibit the thrombin-related pathway, whereas Zn(S,S)2, with also a significant PAF inhibitory effect, exhibited the highest thrombin-related inhibition. Zn(O,O)2 and Cu(O,O)2 inhibited moderately both PAF and thrombin, being more effective towards PAF. This work shows that the PAF-inhibitory action depends on the structure of the complexes studied, with the bulkier Ga(O,O)3 being the most efficient and selective inhibitor

A Molecular Tetrahedral Cobalt-Seleno-Based Complex as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Water Splitting

The cobalt-seleno-based coordination complex, [Co{(SePiPr2)2N}2], is reported with respect to its catalytic activity in oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER, respectively) in alkaline solutions. An overpotential of 320 and 630 mV was required to achieve 10 mA cm-2 for OER and HER, respectively. The overpotential for OER of this CoSe4-containing complex is one of the lowest that has been observed until now for molecular cobalt(II) systems, under the reported conditions. In addition, this cobalt-seleno-based complex exhibits a high mass activity (14.15 A g-1) and a much higher turn-over frequency (TOF) value (0.032 s-1) at an overpotential of 300 mV. These observations confirm analogous ones already reported in the literature pertaining to the potential of molecular cobalt-seleno systems as efficient OER electrocatalysts

A Molecular Tetrahedral Cobalt–Seleno-Based Complex as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Water Splitting

The cobalt–seleno-based coordination complex, [Co{(SePiPr2)2N}2], is reported with respect to its catalytic activity in oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER, respectively) in alkaline solutions. An overpotential of 320 and 630 mV was required to achieve 10 mA cm−2 for OER and HER, respectively. The overpotential for OER of this CoSe4-containing complex is one of the lowest that has been observed until now for molecular cobalt(II) systems, under the reported conditions. In addition, this cobalt–seleno-based complex exhibits a high mass activity (14.15 A g−1) and a much higher turn-over frequency (TOF) value (0.032 s−1) at an overpotential of 300 mV. These observations confirm analogous ones already reported in the literature pertaining to the potential of molecular cobalt–seleno systems as efficient OER electrocatalysts

Investigating the Structural, Spectroscopic, and Electrochemical Properties of [Fe(EPiPr(2))(2)N(2)] (E = S, Se) and the Formation of Iron Selenides by Chemical Vapor Deposition

The anionic L = [(EPiPr(2))(2)N](-) (E = S, Se) form of the dichalcogenidoimidodiphosphinato-type ligands containing iPr peripheral groups has been shown previously to afford tetrahedral [(ML2)-L-II] complexes (E = S, M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn; E = Se, M = Co, Ni, Zn). The syntheses of the analogous [FeL2] complexes [E = S (1), Se (2)] were performed in this work through metathesis reactions between FeCl2 and the corresponding KL salts. For both 1 and 2, X-ray crystallography revealed two distinct molecules in the asymmetric unit. Complexes 1 and 2 are isostructural and exhibit P-E and P-N bond-length differences compared with those of the free ligands, and these differences are translated into shifts of the corresponding IR bands. Cyclic voltammetry studies showed that the Fe-II Fe-III oxidation in 2 occurs at a lower potential than that of 1. The zero-field Mossbauer spectra of the two complexes are quite similar and provide evidence of similar S = 2 electronic structures. The observation of crystallographically distinct (FeE4)-E-II sites for both 1 and 2 is also revealed in the corresponding Mossbauer spectra. Complex 2 was employed as a single-source precursor in catalyst-aided chemical vapor deposition experiments, which afforded the iron selenides FeSe and Fe3Se4

Investigating the Structural, Spectroscopic, and Electrochemical Properties of [Fe{(EP i Pr₂)₂N}₂] (E = S, Se) and the Formation of Iron Selenides by Chemical Vapor Deposition

The anionic L = [(EPiPr2)2N]– (E = S, Se) form of the dichalcogenidoimidodiphosphinato-type ligands containing iPr peripheral groups has been shown previously to afford tetrahedral [MIIL2] complexes (E = S, M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn; E = Se, M = Co, Ni, Zn). The syntheses of the analogous [FeL2] complexes [E = S (1), Se (2)] were performed in this work through metathesis reactions between FeCl2 and the corresponding KL salts. For both 1 and 2, X-ray crystallography revealed two distinct molecules in the asymmetric unit. Complexes 1 and 2 are isostructural and exhibit P–E and P–N bond-length differences compared with those of the free ligands, and these differences are translated into shifts of the corresponding IR bands. Cyclic voltammetry studies showed that the FeII → FeIII oxidation in 2 occurs at a lower potential than that of 1. The zero-field Mössbauer spectra of the two complexes are quite similar and provide evidence of similar S = 2 electronic structures. The observation of crystallographically distinct FeIIE4 sites for both 1 and 2 is also revealed in the corresponding Mössbauer spectra. Complex 2 was employed as a single-source precursor in catalyst-aided chemical vapor deposition experiments, which afforded the iron selenides FeSe and Fe3Se4