A brit irodalom a magyar kulturális emlékezetben = British Literature in the Hungarian Cultural Memory

A támogatás két PhD hallgatót juttatott stabil jövedelemhez egyenként másfél éven át, amikor is be tudták fejezni és meg tudták védeni PhD disszertációjukat. 8 fiatal kutatónak tudtuk kifizetni rövid kutatóútra, illetve konferencián való részvételre a költségeit. 2009-ben a projekt témájából konferenciát rendeztünk öt egyetem kutatóinak részvételével, 2010-ben pedig egy nemzetközi konferenciát hívtunk össze a témában kiemelkedő eredményekkel rendelkező meghívott előadóval (Dávidházi Péter az MTA lev. tagja, ELTE; Elinor Shaffer akadémikus, Univesity of London; Prof. Richard Cronin, University of Glasgow; Prof. John Drakakis, University of Stirling; Prof. Ronald Soetaert, University of Ghent; Dr. Alistair Davies, University of Sussex) és 28 további résztvevővel. Mind a két konferenciának megjelent szigorú válogatási és szerkesztési procedúra alapján kialakult anyaga. Szabadon kutatható digitális adatbázist hoztunk létre az angol-magyar kulturális kapcsolatok történetéről az 1800 és 1990 közötti időszakra vonatkozóan. A publikált eredmények recepciótörténetre, fordításelméletre és gyakorlatra, a kulturális emlékezet működésének elméletére és a magyar irodalmi, színházi, könyvkiadói és oktatási gyakorlat történetében való megjelenésére vonatkoznak. A kutatócsoport tagjai egy monográfiát, két konferenciakötetet és a konferenciakötetekben megjelent cikkekkel együtt 39 tanulmányt és 6 fordítást közöltek az OTKA támogatás feltüntetésével a futamidő alatt. | Thanks to the OTKA grant, two outstanding PhD students had financial support to complete and defend their dissertations during the 3-year period. The conference and short study visit expenses of 8 young scholars were covered. A conference was held in 2009 with Hungarian participants from five universities, and an international conference was convened in 2010 with five guest lecturers with outstanding results in the field – Péter Dávidházi, corr. Fellow of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, ELTE; Elinor Shaffer, Fellow of the British Academy, University of London; Prof. Richard Cronin, University of Glasgow; John Drakakis, University of Stirling; Prof. Ronald Soetaert, University of Ghent; and Dr. Alistair Davies, University of Sussex – as well as 28 Hungarian participants. The proceedings of both have been published after a thorough-going process of selection and editing. A digital data pool was created containing about 30.000 items on British–Hungarian cultural interactions between c. 1800 and 1990 freely accessible now for further research. The research team’s publications – 1 monograph, 2 conference proceedings, 39 essays, and 6 translations, all quoting the number of the OTKA project – investigate problems of reception; theory of literary translation and the traditions of translating from English; the mechanism of cultural memory as it can be disclosed in the history of literary appropriation, stage productions, publishing policy and education in Hungary

In-situ DRIFTS and NAP-XPS Exploration of the Complexity of CO2 Hydrogenation over Size Controlled Pt Nanoparticles Supported on Mesoporous NiO

4.8 nm Pt nanoparticles were anchored onto the surface of mesoporous nickel-oxide supports (NiO). Pt/NiO samples were compared to pristine NiO and Pt/SBA-15 silica catalysts in CO2 hydrogenation to form carbon-monoxide, methane and ethane at 473-673 K. 1 % Pt/NiO were ~20 times and ~1.5 times more active at 493 K compared to Pt/SBA-15 and NiO catalysts, respectively. However, the Pt-free NiO support has an activity of 120% compared to Pt/NiO catalysts at 673 K. In the case of 1% Pt/SBA-15 catalyst, selectivity towards methane was 13 %, while it was 90% and 98% for NiO and 1% Pt/NiO at 673 K, respectively. Exploration of the results of the reactions was performed by Near Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) as well as in-situ Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). In the case of pure NiO, we found that the surface of the support was mainly covered by elemental Ni under reaction condition, where the Ni/NiOx system is responsible for the high activity of Pt-free catalyst. In the case of Pt/NiO, Pt improves the reduction of NiOx towards metallic Ni. In the case of the 1 % Pt/NiO catalysts, the presence of limited amount of Pt resulted in an optimal quantity of oxidized Pt fraction at 673 K showing the presence of a Pt/PtOx/Ni/NiOx mixed phase where the different interfaces may be responsible for the high activity and selectivity towards methane. In the case of pure NiO under reaction condition, small amounts of formaldehyde as well as hydrogen perturbed CO [HnCO (n=1,2)] were detected. However, in the case of 1 % Pt/NiO catalysts, besides the absence of formaldehyde a significant amount of HnCO (n=2-3) was present on the surface responsible for the high activity and methane selectivity

Alkotásba merülve: pszichotikus és disszociatív élmények a kreatív folyamatban? = Absorbed in creation: Psychotic and dissociative experiences in the creative process?

A muvészek és a pszichiátriai betegek egyaránt osztoznak abban a kivételes adottságban, hogy a világot a szokásostól eltéro módon látják. A kreativitás pszichopatológiával való kapcsolatának kutatása a mentális zavarok mint diagnosztikus kategóriák felol a kognitív és affektív fenotípusok felé tolódik. Egyes, pszichiátriai zavarokra is jellemzo vonások — sokszor enyhébb formában és több más tényezo együttállása esetén — a kreativitás folyamatában is kulcsszerepet játszanak, így adaptívak lehetnek.Munkánk célja a kreativitás és a pszichopatológiák irodalmának áttekintése. A kreativitással kapcsolatos alapfogalmak tisztázása után ismertetjük a kreatív személyiség jellemzoit. A pszichopatológiai vonatkozások között részletesen tárgyaljuk a szkizotípiával és a diszszociatív jelenségekkel, ezen belül az abszorpcióval való összefüggéseket. Végül néhány általános szempontot fogalmazunk meg a kreativitás kutatásával kapcsolatban. | Both artists and psychiatric patients can be characterized by the exceptional aptitude that they perceive the world in a way which is different from usual. Research on the connection between creativity and psychopathology is turning away from mental disorders as diagnostic categories towards cognitive and affective phenotypes. Some traits which are also typical of psychiatric disorders — often in a more benign form and in case of the presence of other factors — play a fundamental role in the creative process, and thus can be adaptive.The aim of our work is to review the literature of the relation between creativity and psychopathology. After clarifying the basic concepts of creativity, we delineate the features of the creative personality. Among the psychopathological bearings, we cover the relations to schizotypy and dissociative phenomena, particularly absorption in detail. Finally, we draw up some general considerations regarding creativity research

Effects of Chronic Cannabidiol Treatment in the Rat Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model of Depression

Several neuropharmacological actions of cannabidiol (CBD) due to the modulation of the endocannabinoid system as well as direct serotonergic and gamma-aminobutyric acidergic actions have recently been identified. The current study aimed to reveal the effect of a long-term CBD treatment in the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model of depression. Adult male Wistar rats (n = 24) were exposed to various stressors on a daily basis in order to induce anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviors. CBD (10 mg/kg body weight) was administered by daily intraperitoneal injections for 28 days (n = 12). The effects of the treatment were assessed on body weight, sucrose preference, and exploratory and anxiety-related behavior in the open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. Hair corticosterone was also assayed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. At the end of the experiment, CBD-treated rats showed a higher rate of body weight gain (5.94% vs. 0.67%) and sucrose preference compared to controls. A significant increase in vertical exploration and a trend of increase in distance traveled in the OF test were observed in the CBD-treated group compared to the vehicle-treated group. The EPM test did not reveal any differences between the groups. Hair corticosterone levels increased in the CBD-treated group, while they decreased in controls compared to baseline (+36.01% vs. −45.91%). In conclusion, CBD exerted a prohedonic effect in rats subjected to CUMS, demonstrated by the increased sucrose preference after three weeks of treatment. The reversal of the effect of CUMS on hair corticosterone concentrations might also point toward an anxiolytic or antidepressant-like effect of CBD, but this needs further confirmation