Study on behavior incentive mechanism of energy conservation and emission reduction for China freshwater live fish supply chain

Purpose: The purpose of this paper investigates the subject behavior of Energy conservation and emission reduction (ECER) based on structured classification of the organization types of FLF supply chain, and explores reasonable behavior incentive mechanism for ECER of FLF supply chain in China. Design/methodology/approach: This paper classifies the organization subjects of FLF supply chain, and different characteristics of organization subjects are compared in detail. ECER behavior incentive mechanism modeling of FLF supply chain is explored by taking advantage of principal-agent model in view of asymmetry information. Incentives issue of different operating subjects is discussed as enlightenment of the model. Findings: Three types of the organization subjects of FLF supply chain in China have been identified as: loose organization, semi-compact organization and compact organization. Subjects of different types have different abilities to conduct ECER work. Government needs to propose differentiation polices of incentive compensation for different operating subjects, widen the gap of differentiated subsidies/rewards for different investment levels on ECER conducted by different operating subjects of FLF supply chain. Research limitations/implications: It will take long-term unremitting efforts to achieve the target of ECER work for FLF supply chain in China, the dynamic issues and simulation modeling on behavior incentive mechanism of ECER should be developed in future research. Practical implications: Clear understanding of structured classification of the organization subject types of FLF supply chain and the behavior incentive mechanism for ECER, will help government to improve the ECER work in an efficient and effective way. Originality/value: Research to behavior incentive mechanism of ECER has important theoretical value and practical significance. This paper contributes to distinguish three types of operating subjects of FLF supply chain in China, put forward the behavior incentive mechanism of ECER to support the government to improve the ECER work scientifically.Peer Reviewe

Study on behavior incentive mechanism of energy conservation and emission reduction for China freshwater live fish supply chain

Purpose: The purpose of this paper investigates the subject behavior of Energy conservation and emission reduction (ECER) based on structured classification of the organization types of FLF supply chain, and explores reasonable behavior incentive mechanism for ECER of FLF supply chain in China. Design/methodology/approach: This paper classifies the organization subjects of FLF supply chain, and different characteristics of organization subjects are compared in detail. ECER behavior incentive mechanism modeling of FLF supply chain is explored by taking advantage of principal-agent model in view of asymmetry information. Incentives issue of different operating subjects is discussed as enlightenment of the model. Findings: Three types of the organization subjects of FLF supply chain in China have been identified as: loose organization, semi-compact organization and compact organization. Subjects of different types have different abilities to conduct ECER work. Government needs to propose differentiation polices of incentive compensation for different operating subjects, widen the gap of differentiated subsidies/rewards for different investment levels on ECER conducted by different operating subjects of FLF supply chain. Research limitations/implications: It will take long-term unremitting efforts to achieve the target of ECER work for FLF supply chain in China, the dynamic issues and simulation modeling on behavior incentive mechanism of ECER should be developed in future research. Practical implications: Clear understanding of structured classification of the organization subject types of FLF supply chain and the behavior incentive mechanism for ECER, will help government to improve the ECER work in an efficient and effective way. Originality/value: Research to behavior incentive mechanism of ECER has important theoretical value and practical significance. This paper contributes to distinguish three types of operating subjects of FLF supply chain in China, put forward the behavior incentive mechanism of ECER to support the government to improve the ECER work scientifically.Peer Reviewe

Nitrogen addition mediates the effect of soil microbial diversity on microbial carbon use efficiency under long-term tillage practices

peer reviewedTillage practices can influence soil microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), which is critical for carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. The effect of tillage practices could also be regulated by nitrogen (N) addition. However, the soil microbial mechanism relating to N fertilizer effect on microbial CUE under no-tillage (zero-tillage) is still unclear. We investigated how N fertilizer regulates the effect of tillage management on microbial CUE through changing microbial properties and further assessed the impact of microbial CUE on particulate (POC) and mineral-associated organic matter carbon (MAOC). For this we used a 16-year field experiment with no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT), both of which combined with 105 (N1), 180 (N2), and 210 kg N ha−1 (N3) N application. We found that microbial CUE increased with increasing N application rate. NT increased microbial CUE compared with CT in the 0–10 cm. The bacterial and fungal diversities of NT were higher than CT and N application decreased their diversities in 0–10 cm. The partial least squares path model showed that bacterial and fungal diversity had a significant influence on microbial CUE. Furthermore, POC and MAOC under NT were higher than CT and they also increased with increasing N application rate. It suggested that increasing microbial CUE induced by N application had the potential to increase POC and MAOC. Overall, this study highlights that N addition can alter the effect of soil microbial diversity on CUE, which further improves our understanding to explain and predict the fractions of SOC (i.e., POC and MAOC) in tillage systems

Study on behavior incentive mechanism of energy conservation and emission reduction for China freshwater live fish supply chain

Purpose: The purpose of this paper investigates the subject behavior of Energy conservation and emission reduction (ECER) based on structured classification of the organization types of FLF supply chain, and explores reasonable behavior incentive mechanism for ECER of FLF supply chain in China. Design/methodology/approach: This paper classifies the organization subjects of FLF supply chain, and different characteristics of organization subjects are compared in detail. ECER behavior incentive mechanism modeling of FLF supply chain is explored by taking advantage of principal-agent model in view of asymmetry information. Incentives issue of different operating subjects is discussed as enlightenment of the model. Findings: Three types of the organization subjects of FLF supply chain in China have been identified as: loose organization, semi-compact organization and compact organization. Subjects of different types have different abilities to conduct ECER work. Government needs to propose differentiation polices of incentive compensation for different operating subjects, widen the gap of differentiated subsidies/rewards for different investment levels on ECER conducted by different operating subjects of FLF supply chain. Research limitations/implications: It will take long-term unremitting efforts to achieve the target of ECER work for FLF supply chain in China, the dynamic issues and simulation modeling on behavior incentive mechanism of ECER should be developed in future research. Practical implications: Clear understanding of structured classification of the organization subject types of FLF supply chain and the behavior incentive mechanism for ECER, will help government to improve the ECER work in an efficient and effective way. Originality/value: Research to behavior incentive mechanism of ECER has important theoretical value and practical significance. This paper contributes to distinguish three types of operating subjects of FLF supply chain in China, put forward the behavior incentive mechanism of ECER to support the government to improve the ECER work scientifically.Peer Reviewe

System Variable Analysis on Development Stages of Urban Agriculture in Large Cities

China’s urban agricultural development takes on stage evolution, and functional structure, customer structure, industrial organization, innovation activity, spatial form and industrial value of each stage has significant difference. Using the system variable analysis method, this paper established the urban agricultural development system including six types of functional variables. On the basis of summarizing stage characteristics, it analyzed reasons for stage characteristics focusing on four key variables, i.e. cost, efficiency, connection, and risk. Finally, it came up with recommendations for promoting China’s urban agricultural development with the aid of stage development rules

Systematic Analysis and Innovation for Development Policies of Beijing Seed Industry at Transformation Stage

At transformation stage, seed Industry is not only a fundamental and strategic industry during the construction of World City, but also part of urban and modern agriculture in Beijing. Based on the analysis of the theory of industrial economics and system theory, the article constructs the seed industry policy analysis model, systematically analyzes the support points of national level and the city of Beijing seed industry policy, and studies policy input, mechanism, output and effects by way of systematic analysis, as well as proposes polices and suggestions on promotion of development for Beijing seed industry and on construction of new seed industry from talent incentive, platform construction, seed trading and enterprise cultivation

Mechanical Responses of Curved Pipe Corssing Mining Subsidence Area

The deformation of the curved pipeline in the mining subsidence area may be different from the ordinary straight pipeline. Curved pipeline is prone to large deformation in the mining subsidence area, which may cause pipeline accidents. Thus, it is of great importance to investigate the mechanical properties of the curved pipeline in the mining subsidence area. The numerical simulation model of pipeline-soil coupling was established by the nonlinear numerical simulation method in this study. The mechanical responses of the curved pipeline under the stratum settlement, collapse, and suspension are investigated. The results show that when the settlement area is located below the curved section of the pipeline, the maximum stress is in the middle of the curved section, there will be more high stress areas when the curved angle larger. When the settlement area is located below the half curved part and half straight part of the pipeline, the high stress area of the pipeline is located at the end of the curved section. The stress and displacement increase with the increase of angle in both cases, but the maximum stress in pipeline is not reached the yield strength. Whether the collapse interface is located in the middle of the curved section or at both ends of the curved section, the high stress area occurs near the collapse interface, the large curved angle of the pipeline is prone to generate large high stress area and produce large plastic strain, and the cross section of the pipeline has a tendency to squeeze to one side. For the suspended curved pipeline, the stress, plastic strain and displacement of the suspended curved pipeline increase with the increase of suspended length and curved angle

Gestational hypertension and chronic hypertension on the risk of diabetes among gestational diabetes women

Aims: We aimed to examine the association of gestational hypertension and chronic hypertension at the inter-conception examination with type 2 diabetes risk among women with a history of gestational diabetes. Methods: We conducted a population-based study among 1261 women who had a history of gestational diabetes at 1-5 years after delivery in Tianjin, China. Logistic regression or Cox regression was used to assess the associations of gestational hypertension and chronic hypertension at the inter-conception examination with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes risks. Results: Gestational diabetic women who had a history of gestational hypertension but did not use antihypertensive drugs during pregnancy had a 3.94-fold higher risk (95% CI: 1.94-8.02) of developing type 2 diabetes compared with those who were normotensive in index pregnancy. Compared with gestational diabetic women who had normal blood pressure at the inter-conception examination, hypertensive women at the inter-conception examination were 3.38 times (95% CI: 1.66-6.87) and 2.97 times (95% CI: 1.75-5.05) more likely to develop diabetes and prediabetes, respectively. The odds ratios of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes associated with each 5 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure were 125 (95% CI: 1.03-1.51) and 120 (95% CI: 1.06-135). Each 5 mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure contributed to a 1.49-fold higher risk (95% CI: 1.18-1.88) for type 2 diabetes and a 1.42-fold higher risk (95% CI: 1.22-1.65) for prediabetes. Conclusions: For women with prior gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension and chronic hypertension at the inter-conception examination were risk factors for type 2 diabetes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe