1,740 research outputs found
TGF-β1 and IL-10 expression in epithelial ovarian cancer cell line A2780
Purpose: Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of death among gynaecological malignancies. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF β1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) are cytokines in the tumour microenvironment and may play critical roles in immune suppression. This study highlights these roles and immunosuppressive functions in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).Methods: TGF-β1 and IL-10 expression was compared in malignant, benign, and borderline cancerous tissues and tumour-free tissue by immunohistochemistry. Relationships among the levels of these cytokines, correlation of expression level with EOC prognosis, and cytokine involvement in immunosuppression were investigated.Results: Immunohistochemical analysis of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in epithelial cells showed the presence of epithelial, borderline, and benign ovarian tumour growth, and normal ovarian growth. TGF-β1 (P = 0.121), residual tumour after surgery (P = 0.231) and standard chemotherapy (P = 0.121) were prognostic factors for EOC. There were no significant differences in clinicopathologic factors between specimens expressing TGF-β1 at low and high levels, indicating that TGF-β1 is an independent factor in EOC diagnosis. Higher concentrations of TGF-β1 (1754.690 ± 3416.487 pg/ml) and IL 10 (2731.7101 ± 6.1613 pg/ml) were observed in A2780-conditioned than in control medium.Conclusion: TGF-β1 and IL-10 play pivotal roles in EOC and can lead to immune evasion. Targeting these cytokines for tumour treatment, specifically at early stages, may prevent tumour progression.Keywords: Epithelial ovarian cancer, TGF-β1, IL-10, histopatholog
A Fast and Provable Algorithm for Sparse Phase Retrieval
We study the sparse phase retrieval problem, which aims to recover a sparse
signal from a limited number of phaseless measurements. Existing algorithms for
sparse phase retrieval primarily rely on first-order methods with linear
convergence rate. In this paper, we propose an efficient second-order algorithm
based on Newton projection, which maintains the same per-iteration
computational complexity as popular first-order methods. The proposed algorithm
is theoretically guaranteed to converge to the ground truth (up to a global
sign) at a quadratic convergence rate after at most iterations, provided
a sample complexity of , where represents an -sparse ground truth signal. Numerical
experiments demonstrate that our algorithm not only outperforms
state-of-the-art methods in terms of achieving a significantly faster
convergence rate, but also excels in attaining a higher success rate for exact
signal recovery from noise-free measurements and providing enhanced signal
reconstruction in noisy scenarios
Novel matrine derivative MD-1 attenuates hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting EGFR activation of hepatic stellate cells
In vitro antioxidant activity and inhibitory hepatic steatosis effect on oleic acid-induced fatty liver model of consecutive extracts from Rosa davurica Pall
The nutrient and phytochemical composition of Rosa davurica Pall. fruit (RDF) from China were determined, including sugar, reducing sugar, ascorbic acid, caroteniods and phenolics. RDF was successively extracted with chloroform, ethyl acetate (EA), water-saturated n-butanol, ethanol and distilled water, respectively. Among the five fractions, EA fraction revealed the highest total phenolic content and the strongest antioxidant ability in cyclic voltammograms (CV) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Moreover, the strongest inhibitory activity against oleic acidinduced (OA-induced) fatty liver in vitro was also the EA fraction. Further, it was separated by a semipreparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on C18 column. The most active fraction (EA-FII) of EA in all assays above, which mainly included catechin, quercetin-sedoheptulose and quercetin-94, was identified by LC/MS, HPLC and ultraviolet (UV)/V spectrum analysis.Keywords: RDF extracts, composition properties, antioxidant ability, inhibitory activity, oleic acid-induced, HPLC, LC/MS.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(31), pp. 4944-495
Fast Projected Newton-like Method for Precision Matrix Estimation with Nonnegative Partial Correlations
We study the problem of estimating precision matrices in multivariate
Gaussian distributions where all partial correlations are nonnegative, also
known as multivariate totally positive of order two (). Such
models have received significant attention in recent years, primarily due to
interesting properties, e.g., the maximum likelihood estimator exists with as
few as two observations regardless of the underlying dimension. We formulate
this problem as a weighted -norm regularized Gaussian maximum
likelihood estimation under constraints. On this direction, we
propose a novel projected Newton-like algorithm that incorporates a
well-designed approximate Newton direction, which results in our algorithm
having the same orders of computation and memory costs as those of first-order
methods. We prove that the proposed projected Newton-like algorithm converges
to the minimizer of the problem. We further show, both theoretically and
experimentally, that the minimizer of our formulation using the weighted
-norm is able to recover the support of the underlying precision matrix
correctly without requiring the incoherence condition present in -norm
based methods. Experiments involving synthetic and real-world data demonstrate
that our proposed algorithm is significantly more efficient, from a
computational time perspective, than the state-of-the-art methods. Finally, we
apply our method in financial time-series data, which are well-known for
displaying positive dependencies, where we observe a significant performance in
terms of modularity value on the learned financial networks.Comment: 43 pages; notation updated for section
Electromagnetic cloaking by layered structure of homogeneous isotropic materials
Electromagnetic invisibility cloak requires material with anisotropic
distribution of the constitutive parameters deduced from a geometrical
transformation as first proposed by Pendry et al. [Science 312, 1780 (2006)].
In this paper, we proposed a useful method to realize the required
radius-dependent, anisotropic material parameters and to construct an
electromagnetic cloak through concentric layered structure of thin, alternating
layers of homogeneous isotropic materials. With proper design of the
permittivity or the thickness ratio of the alternating layers, we demonstrated
the low-reflection and power-flow bending properties of the proposed cloaking
structure through rigorous analysis of the scattered electromagnetic fields.
The proposed cloaking structure does not require anisotropy or inhomogeneity of
the material constitutive parameters usually realized by metamaterials with
subwavelength structured inclusions, therefore may lead to a practical path to
an experimental demonstration of electromagnetic cloaking, especially in the
optical range.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
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