Some guidelines for the design of anion receptors

Anions can be recognized by either pos. charged or neutral artificial receptors. Pos. charges within a receptor's cavity can be provided by transition metal ions (e.g. CuII) which offer a binding site to one donor atom of the anion. Dicopper(II) bis(tren) cryptates are ideal receptors for ambidentate anions capable of bridging the two CuII centers. The size of the ellipsoidal cavity and consequent inclusion selectivity can be modulated by varying the length of the spacers linking the two tren subunits. Examples of the selective recognition of halides, polyat. anions and arom. and aliph. dicarboxylates are discussed. Among neutral receptors attention is centered on systems contg. the urea subunit. Urea behaves as a bifurcate H-bond donor towards oxoanions. On the basis of equil. studies in aprotic solvents (mainly MeCN and DMSO) it is shown that the energy of the hydrogen bonding interaction and the selectivity are solely related to the acidic tendencies of the receptor and to the basic properties of the anion. In particular, the H-bond interaction can be conveniently viewed as an advanced (and "frozen") proton transfer from the -N-H fragment of urea and the oxygen atom of the anion. Addn. of excess fluoride may induce deprotonation of the -NH fragment due to the unique stability of the [HF2]- species which forms

Biocompatibility and internalization assessment of bare and functionalised mesoporous silica nanoparticles

[EN] We report herein an evaluation of the effect of several mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) on the cellular uptake and in vitro cytotoxicity in human cells. Bare MSNs and MSNs functionalized with polyethylene glycol or hyaluronic acid are employed to evaluate uptake efficiency and mechanisms of endocytosis in cancer (MDA-MB-231) and non-cancer (MCF10A) cells. Moreover, changes in viability, cell cycle, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial membrane potential are evaluated. Our results confirm that MSNs are internalized efficiently by human cells and that uptake mechanisms differ for cell types and particles. We also confirm that MSNs are biocompatible materials that do not induce ROS/RNS production, nor changes on mitochondrial membrane potential or cell cycle.The authors want to thank the Spanish Government RTI2018-100910-B-C41 (MCUI/AEI/FEDER, UE) and PI18/01219 (ISCIII), the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2018/024 and ACIF/2016/030), and CIBER-BBN (CB07/01/2012) and CIBER-ONC (CB16/12/00481) for support.Garrido-Cano, I.; Candela-Noguera, V.; Herrera, G.; Cejalvo, JM.; Lluch, A.; Marcos Martínez, MD.; Sancenón Galarza, F.... (2021). Biocompatibility and internalization assessment of bare and functionalised mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 310:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110593S112310Contado, C. (2015). Nanomaterials in consumer products: a challenging analytical problem. Frontiers in Chemistry, 3. doi:10.3389/fchem.2015.00048Wang, Y., Zhao, Q., Han, N., Bai, L., Li, J., Liu, J., … Wang, S. (2015). 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