Royal Commission on Human Relationships

This controversial Royal Commission from the 1970s found that many Australian families were failing to protect their most valuable members, and helped change the shape of public discussion around families, gender and sexuality. This is the first time a digitised version of the Royal Commission on Human Relationships\u27 five-volume final report has been made publically available. The Royal Commission was initiated in 1974, following a failed attempt by the Whitlam government to reform abortion law. The terms of reference were: To inquire into and report upon the family, social, educational, legal and sexual aspects of male and female relationships, so far as those matters are relevant to the powers and functions of the Australian Parliament and Government, including powers and functions in relation to the Territories: To give particular emphasis to the concept of responsible parenthood, to have regard to experience in other countries and to include in your inquiry the following aspects of the said matters: (a) the extent of relevant existing education programs, including sex education programs, and their effectiveness in promoting responsible sexual behaviour and providing a sound basis in the fundamentals of male and female relationships in the Australian social environment; (b) the extent of relevant existing programs in medical schools and their adequacy to provide comprehensive medical training in contraceptive techniques, in the physical, psychological and sexual problems experienced by women in adapting to marriage and before, during and after menstruation and in matters relating to pregnancy, fertility control, spontaneous and induced abortions and childbirth and to encourage acceptance by the medical profession of its responsibilities in the field of contraceptive counselling; (c) the provision, adequacy and effectiveness of existing family planning facilities, educational and activational information on family planning and methods of evaluation of all family planning techniques; (d) the social, economic, psychological and medical pressures on women in determining whether to proceed with unplanned or unwanted pregnancies, having regard to: (i) the adequacy of housing, child-minding centres, pre-school centres, domestic assistance for families and working mothers, assistance to single parent families, other forms of assistance for mothers employed in industry, and adoption procedures; (ii) the disabilities of families with handicapped children; and (iii) the social status of women in the community; the social, psychological and medical results of termination of, or and failure to terminate such pregnancies; (e) the adequacy and effectiveness of existing medico-legal determinations in relation to termination of pregnancy, the incidence of such terminations, the factors influencing their occurrence, the adequacy of medical training in an evaluation of methods of termination, consultative rights of the family or other persons concerned and the adequacy and effectiveness of pregnancy support services; and (f) any other matters in relation to the family, social, educational, legal and sexual aspects of male and female relationships to which the attention of the Commission is directed by the Prime Minister in the course of the inquiry. To make recommendations as to measures that are desirable with respect to the foregoing matters under existing or future laws of the Australian Parliament or of the Territories (including laws providing for grants to the States) and to indicate whether these measures should be implemented through existing bodies or through government instrumentalities to be created. The final report, presented to Governor-General John Kerr in 1977, contained over 500 recommendations relating to "contraception (access and use), unwanted pregnancies, childbirth, attitudes to sexuality, sexual knowledge, sex education, domestic violence, rape and the police and courts’ treatment of rape victims, the changing roles of women, child care, child abuse, and homosexuality – especially discrimination faced by gays and lesbians." The report was highly controversial when released and many of its recommendations were not acted on. However, the Royal Commission had a lasting influence. It was said to have brought taboo topics like abortion, rape and child abuse into public discussion, and to have opened up conversations about private life to this day.   ---------------   Part of the Policy History Collection. Digitisation of this report has been supported by the National Library of Australia.   Reproduced with permission of the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet

Improving Hypertension Self Management in African American Men

Hypertension is a cardiopulmonary condition linked to genetic, environmental, and social factors. Left untreated, it can lead to fatal conditions such as heart disease. In the United States, African Americans experience disproportionately high rates of hypertension, earlier onset of symptoms, greater severity, and higher related mortality rates. African Americans also statistically have more difficulty self-managing their hypertension than other demographics. The aim of this project was (a) to identify, define, and measure perceived barriers to self-management of hypertension among African American men and (b) to target these barriers and increase patient engagement through personalized intervention plans. The researcher recruited 24 African American male participants over the age of 18 seeking treatment for hypertension in clinical settings within New York City. Participants received 12-week personalized health interventions based on the patient health engagement model and completed the 22-item Chronic Disease Self Efficacy Scales, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Patient Health Engagement Scale before and after the intervention. The research project was quasi-experimental. The researcher performed a correlative analysis on various social factors and their impact on patients’ ability to manage self-care. The data demonstrated that using the self-care model massively reduced participants’ systolic pressure. Health care providers should consider making individualized hypertension management programs available to Black communities throughout the United States. Keywords: African American men, Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scales, self management, systolic blood pressur

Department of social services data access project final report

This report reviews the context and options available to the Department of Social Service (DSS) in developing its data access strategy, and proposes future developments based upon international practice. The structure of the report is separated into 4 parts. Part I provides the context for the report, considering current practices, law and the wider strategic framework.Part II (international experience) uses the Five Safes structure to break down data access mechanisms into separate components, and review the 'what works' evidence.Part III describes user groups in detail and the proposed data access solutions mapped to each user group; it also reviews institutional factors (culture and attitudes) that have an effect on the efficacy of any implementation.Part IV provides a roadmap for future development

Frameworks, principles and accreditation in modern data management

The Five Safes framework is increasingly widely used for data governance. Since its conception in 2003, it has influenced data management in many ways, particularly in the public sector. As it has become established, both the advantages and limitations have come to the fore, along with an understanding of modern data management principles. This paper explores the history, strengths and limitations in the Five Safes, as well as recent suggestions for deepening or extending the framework. It places the Five Safes in the context of contemporary developments in principles-based design, user-centred planning, and the evidence-based decision-making. It discusses the different variations on the framework over time, and questions whether there is a need for a fundamental rethink. The paper argues that the framework works best when aligned simultaneously to an accreditation process, a principles-based design ethos, an evidence-base, and a user-centred decision-making process. It examines two countries, the UK and Australia, which are moving in this direction but through very different routes

Heavy metals contaminating the environment of a progressive supranuclear palsy cluster induce tau accumulation and cell death in cultured neurons

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of intracellular aggregates of tau protein and neuronal loss leading to cognitive and motor impairment. Occurrence is mostly sporadic, but rare family clusters have been described. Although the etiopathology of PSP is unknown, mutations in the MAPT/tau gene and exposure to environmental toxins can increase the risk of PSP. Here, we used cell models to investigate the potential neurotoxic effects of heavy metals enriched in a highly industrialized region in France with a cluster of sporadic PSP cases. We found that iPSC-derived iNeurons from a MAPT mutation carrier tend to be more sensitive to cell death induced by chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) exposure than an isogenic control line. We hypothesize that genetic variations may predispose to neurodegeneration induced by those heavy metals. Furthermore, using an SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line, we showed that both heavy metals induce cell death by an apoptotic mechanism. Interestingly, Cr and Ni treatments increased total and phosphorylated tau levels in both cell types, implicating Cr and Ni exposure in tau pathology. Overall, this study suggests that chromium and nickel could contribute to the pathophysiology of tauopathies such as PSP by promoting tau accumulation and neuronal cell death

Juegos lógicos en la construcción de la noción números y operaciones de los estudiantes de 5 años de la institución educativa inicial “Luis Enrique XIV” UGEL 04 de Lima

La investigación titulada Juegos Lógicos en la construcción de la noción de números y operaciones se desarrolló a fin de alcanzar el objetivo de determinar el efecto del Programa Juegos Lógicos en la construcción de la noción números y operaciones de los estudiantes de 5 años de la Institución Educativa Inicial “Luis Enrique XIV” de la UGEL 04 de Lima, estudio realizado en el contexto actual donde se observan las dificultades que tienen las docentes de educación inicial en el uso de estrategias adecuadas y relacionadas con el desarrollo del pensamiento matemático del pre escolar. El diseño de investigación fue cuasi experimental con un “Pre Test y Post Test” con dos grupos (experimental y control), cuyos resultados se evidencian a través de tablas y figuras. Según los resultados obtenidos en la investigación la aplicación Programa Juegos Lógicos tuvo un efecto significativo en la construcción de la competencia números y operaciones de los estudiantes de 5 años de la Institución Educativa Inicial “Luis Enrique XIV” de la UGEL 04 de Lima, como lo demuestra la prueba U de Mann Whitney Z= -6.719 p=.000 encontrado en la tablas especiales, para un α = 0,05. Se concluyó la aplicación del programa influyó significativamente en la construcción de la noción números y operaciones como se puede ver la tabla N° 8 el promedio del pre test 10.00 con el post test de 21.00 del grupo experimental y también podemos observar que el desarrollo en las dimensiones agrupación, orden y conteo dando como resultado de la aplicación del Programa Juegos Lógicos tiene efectos significativos en el mejoramiento educativo, por ende en el desarrollo de la educación, quedando así demostrado la aplicación del programa

Gestión de Política Pública que promueve el Desarrollo Infantil Temprano en Instituciones Educativas de Lima Metropolitana, 2022

La investigación se enmarca en los nuevos paradigmas sobre el impacto del Desarrollo Infantil Temprano en el desarrollo de los aprendizajes de los estudiantes y la demanda de los procedimientos en las instituciones educativas que les brindan el servicio educativo. Su objetivo fue determinar la relación entre la gestión de las instituciones educativas iniciales y el Desarrollo Infantil Temprano, el cual se desarrolló bajo el enfoque cuantitativo con alcance correlacional. La población estuvo conformada por 34 directores del IIEE, producto de un muestreo no probabilístico. Se eligió la técnica de la encuesta y un cuestionario para cada variable como instrumentos. Los resultados encontrados fueron que la gestión del Desarrollo Infantil Temprano en las instituciones educativas Iniciales se encuentran en un nivel de logro en un 74%, un 18% en un nivel de proceso y un 8% en un nivel de inicio. Concluyendo que no existe una relación significativa entre la gestión de las instituciones educativas de nivel inicial y la gestión del Desarrollo Infantil Temprano de los niños de una Unidad de Gestión Educativa Local de Lima Metropolitana, 2022, con una p = .313 > 0,05 y corroborado por Rho de Spearman de .178