Les cabinets de physique des rois du Portugal (xviiie-xixe siècles)

L’histoire des cabinets royaux de physique portugais est mal connue. Les vastes collections d’instruments scientifiques qui les composaient, organisées au cours des xviiie et xixe siècles, ainsi que d’importantes bibliothèques et collections d’histoire naturelle destinées à l’éducation des jeunes Infants et au divertissement de la cour, ont presque intégralement disparu. Dans de nombreux cas, leur mémoire n’a survécu qu’à travers un petit nombre d’inventaires, de récits d’aristocrates de l’époque et de quelques voyageurs étrangers de passage à Lisbonne.Les collections du cabinet royal de physique, organisées en forme systématique et enrichies par le mathématicien vénitien Michel Franzini (c. 1740-1810) durant les trois dernières décennies du xviiie siècle, ont été progressivement démontées et éparpillées, au cours du xixe siècle, avec l’émergence des institutions universitaires, polytechniques et militaires et, à partir de 1910, avec l’avènement de la République et la nationalisation des biens royaux. Celles-ci avaient déjà subi les conséquences de leur transfert au Brésil (1807-1821) et de l’occupation et de la confiscation françaises (1807-1810).Une étude récente menée au sein des collections des musées techniques et universitaires, des institutions d’enseignement, ainsi que des anciennes résidences royales, a permis de faire ressurgir de nombreux instruments ayant appartenu aux collections royales. Ces objets d’origine diverse (Angleterre, Allemagne, Pays-Bas, France, Italie, Portugal) et de nature hétéroclite (physique, chimie, astronomie, mathématique, etc.) contribuent à mieux faire connaître et comprendre les cabinets de physique des monarques portugais. Cet article présente, sous une forme succincte, les résultats de cette recherche, en discutant plusieurs aspects de la formation et de la dispersion, de la provenance et de la « muséalisation » des cabinets.Little is known about the royal cabinets of physics of Portugal between the 17th and 19th centuries. Set up at different points in time, in tandem cabinets of natural history and libraries, the cabinets served to educate young princes of the Portuguese monarchy. In addition to their education uses, they also served for entertainment of the court. Although most of the instruments were scattered or lost during 19th century, there is a significant documentary record left behind about their constitution and content, most notably invoices, inventories and travel diaries of foreign visitors. This article provides a survey of recent research on the composition, the uses, and subsequent dissolution of the physics cabinets.The collections of the Royal Cabinet of Physics, were systematized and enriched by the Venetian mathematician working for the Portuguese court Michael Franzini (?-1810) between 1770s and 1790s. Throughout the 19th century, the collections were gradually dispersed with the advent of the Republic, the nationalization of royal property and the subsequent emergence of universities, polytechnics and military from 1910. The collections have already suffered the consequences a transfer to Brazil (1807-1821) and French occupation and confiscation of these objects (1807-1810).A recent study about collections in museums, universities and schools, as well as former royal residences, can help restitute many instruments that belonged to the Portuguese royal collections. These objects of diverse origin (England, Germany, Netherlands, France, Italy, Portugal) and heterogeneous nature (physics, chemistry, astronomy, mathematics, etc.) contribute to a better understanding of the Portuguese monarchs’ relation to science and technology in early modern period

The Forgotten Library of the Botanist Friedrich Welwitsch (1806-1872)

The National Museum of Natural History and Science (MUHNAC/Museums of the University of Lisbon, Portugal) houses a forgotten treasure: part of the scientific and working library of the Austrian botanist Friedrich Martin Joseph Welwitsch (1806-1872), known worldwide for his work on Angolan flora. The museum’s collections began to be reorganized in 2012, enabling the library to be re-assembled, and 198 volumes were found. Although a great deal has already been written on the Austrian botanist, this paper seeks to explore the international scientific network to which he belonged, based on an analysis of his private library, correspondence, and working notes

Ovarian Torsion in a Primipara Female Dog in Brazil

Background: Ovarian torsion is a condition which the ovary and the ovarian pedicle twist around the ovary suspensory ligament. No report regarding this condition was reported. The aim of the report was to describe a case of unilateral ovarian torsion in a 2-year-old primipara Golden Retriever dog.Case: A 2-year-old female primipara Golden Retriever dog weighting was referred to the Veterinary Hospital, for purulent vaginal discharge evaluation. The dog was presenting anorexia, weight loss, and intermittent diarrhea and vomiting. A cesarean section was performed nine months before her presentation and the oestrus cycle was recorded six months after the cesarean section. Discomfort was observed during the palpation of the abdomen and purulent vaginal was observed. Vaginal swab was performed and followed by cytological examination. The ultrasonographic examination was consistent with pyometra. The ovariohysterectomy was performed and were observed torsion of the left ovary. The histopathological examination of the left ovary and uterus were consistent with ovary necrosis and pyometra. Ten days after surgery the vaginal discharge had resolved and the sutures were removed. Six months postoperatively the dog revealed no further abnormalities. Grossly, the left ovary had firm consistency, dark red surface and 8 cm diameter. The histopathology examination findings were consistent with a diagnosis of diffuse necrosis of left ovary due to ovarian torsion, and uterinesuppurative inflammatory process - pyometra.Discussion: Ovarian torsion is uncommon in small animals, but can be observed high incidence in pregnant female dogs than in non-pregnant ones. The 360º an asynchronous ovarian torsion described in the present case is also an unusual condition in primipara female dogs due to the smaller stretching of the ovary suspensory ligament. The ovarian torsionis considerate an emergency condition due to acute abdominal pain. The mild abdominal discomfort observed during the physical examination was associated to pyometra or to ovarian torsion. The histopathological findings as hemorrhage, edema and necrosis were associated to compromised arterial circulation and ovarian torsion in late stage. The size of the pregnant uterus and/or the pyometra has contributed to ovary torsion. The dog of the present report had pyometra and previouscesarean sections; and these conditions may have contributed to ovarian torsion. The condition was incidentally found during the ovariohysterectomy, and the ovarian torsion diagnosis was determinate through histopathological examination. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance image could be used to diagnose, furthermore, they were not conducted due to the high cost. The leukocytosis and red blood cells Rouleaux was associated with ovarian necrosis and pyometra.Ovariohysterectomy was the treatment of choice to pyometra and ovarian torsion, and the surgery was performed without ovarian torsion reversion to minimize the reperfusion lesions. Ovarian torsion is a rare event in dogs, and it was clinically diagnosed during the surgery. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of ovarian torsion associate withpyometra in primipara female dogs in Brazil.Keywords: dog, obstetric, ovary, pyometra complex, endometrium

Femoral Diaphyseal Fractures Fixation Technique Using an Adjustable Nylon Tie in Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and Cat (Felis catus domesticus)

Background: Adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 is devices produced from the same material of surgical nylon wire and have been used in different surgical procedures in small animals and in human patient. Reports regarding the use of these devices as secondary fixation technique of femoral diaphyseal fractures in animals are rare in the literature. The aim of the present report case was to describe the use of adjustable nylon tie polyamide 6.6 as secondary fixation technique in a 3-year-old dog and 4-month-old cat, diagnosed with femoral diaphyseal fractures.Cases: Case 1. A 3-year-old female dog was presented with reluctance to support the left hind limb, with 5 days’ duration. Pain and edema on the left femoral diaphyseal region was identified. The limb was submitted to radiographic exam and revealed a closed, complete and comminuted fracture of the diaphysis of the femur, and was decided to perform a surgical stabilization by open reduction through primary fixation with intramedullary pin, and secondary fixation of bone fragments with adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6, as a substitute of steel cerclage wire. The bone fragments were alignment and fixated with five polyamide nylon ties. The excess was removed with a scalpel blade along the lock. Seven days after surgery the skin sutures were removed and were observed reluctance to support the left hind limb. Physiotherapy sessionswere prescribed. Forty days after the surgery was performed a radiographic exam of the left hind limb which revealed alignment of the bone axis. Six months after the surgery, the owner reported that the dog supported the left hind limb.Case 2. A 4-month-old female cat was presented with history of trauma, with 24 h’s duration, and reluctance in supporting the left hind limb. On physical examination there was identified pain on the left femoral diaphyseal region. Radiographic examination revealed a closed, complete and simple fracture of the diaphysis of the femur, and a surgical stabilization through primary fixation with intramedullary pin, and secondary fixation with three polyamide nylon ties was performed.Seven days after the surgery were observed reluctance to support the left hind limb. Three months after the surgery, the owner was contacted and he reported that the cat was supported the limb.Discussion: Adult dogs are more susceptible to diaphyseal fractures and so does the dog in the present report. On the other hand, young cats present high metaphyseal fracture rates due to the metaphyseal growth plate. However, the cat in the present report was different since it was 4-month-old and presented diaphyseal fracture. Different from steel cerclagewires, polyamide nylon ties were used as secondary fixation in diaphyseal fractures for the reason that of their stability in this kind of fracture, no tissue reaction and minimal tissue trauma. The adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 were already used in different surgical procedures in human patients and animals. Complications reported in the literature due to theiruse were associated with erroneous surgical techniques. Adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 proved to be efficient as bone cerclage device in diaphyseal multiple and simple fracture, as well as gave stability to the herein assessed adult dog and young cat, besides not inducing foreign body reactions.Keywords: small animals, polyamide, bones, cerclage, surgery

Femoral Diaphyseal Fractures Fixation Technique Using an Adjustable Nylon Tie in Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and Cat (Felis catus domesticus)

Background: Adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 is devices produced from the same material of surgical nylon wire and have been used in different surgical procedures in small animals and in human patient. Reports regarding the use of these devices as secondary fixation technique of femoral diaphyseal fractures in animals are rare in the literature. The aim of the present report case was to describe the use of adjustable nylon tie polyamide 6.6 as secondary fixation technique in a 3-year-old dog and 4-month-old cat, diagnosed with femoral diaphyseal fractures.Cases: Case 1. A 3-year-old female dog was presented with reluctance to support the left hind limb, with 5 days’ duration. Pain and edema on the left femoral diaphyseal region was identified. The limb was submitted to radiographic exam and revealed a closed, complete and comminuted fracture of the diaphysis of the femur, and was decided to perform a surgical stabilization by open reduction through primary fixation with intramedullary pin, and secondary fixation of bone fragments with adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6, as a substitute of steel cerclage wire. The bone fragments were alignment and fixated with five polyamide nylon ties. The excess was removed with a scalpel blade along the lock. Seven days after surgery the skin sutures were removed and were observed reluctance to support the left hind limb. Physiotherapy sessionswere prescribed. Forty days after the surgery was performed a radiographic exam of the left hind limb which revealed alignment of the bone axis. Six months after the surgery, the owner reported that the dog supported the left hind limb.Case 2. A 4-month-old female cat was presented with history of trauma, with 24 h’s duration, and reluctance in supporting the left hind limb. On physical examination there was identified pain on the left femoral diaphyseal region. Radiographic examination revealed a closed, complete and simple fracture of the diaphysis of the femur, and a surgical stabilization through primary fixation with intramedullary pin, and secondary fixation with three polyamide nylon ties was performed.Seven days after the surgery were observed reluctance to support the left hind limb. Three months after the surgery, the owner was contacted and he reported that the cat was supported the limb.Discussion: Adult dogs are more susceptible to diaphyseal fractures and so does the dog in the present report. On the other hand, young cats present high metaphyseal fracture rates due to the metaphyseal growth plate. However, the cat in the present report was different since it was 4-month-old and presented diaphyseal fracture. Different from steel cerclagewires, polyamide nylon ties were used as secondary fixation in diaphyseal fractures for the reason that of their stability in this kind of fracture, no tissue reaction and minimal tissue trauma. The adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 were already used in different surgical procedures in human patients and animals. Complications reported in the literature due to theiruse were associated with erroneous surgical techniques. Adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 proved to be efficient as bone cerclage device in diaphyseal multiple and simple fracture, as well as gave stability to the herein assessed adult dog and young cat, besides not inducing foreign body reactions.Keywords: small animals, polyamide, bones, cerclage, surgery

Femoral Diaphyseal Fractures Fixation Technique Using an Adjustable Nylon Tie in Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and Cat (Felis catus domesticus)

Background: Adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 is devices produced from the same material of surgical nylon wire and have been used in different surgical procedures in small animals and in human patient. Reports regarding the use of these devices as secondary fixation technique of femoral diaphyseal fractures in animals are rare in the literature. The aim of the present report case was to describe the use of adjustable nylon tie polyamide 6.6 as secondary fixation technique in a 3-year-old dog and 4-month-old cat, diagnosed with femoral diaphyseal fractures.Cases: Case 1. A 3-year-old female dog was presented with reluctance to support the left hind limb, with 5 days’ duration. Pain and edema on the left femoral diaphyseal region was identified. The limb was submitted to radiographic exam and revealed a closed, complete and comminuted fracture of the diaphysis of the femur, and was decided to perform a surgical stabilization by open reduction through primary fixation with intramedullary pin, and secondary fixation of bone fragments with adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6, as a substitute of steel cerclage wire. The bone fragments were alignment and fixated with five polyamide nylon ties. The excess was removed with a scalpel blade along the lock. Seven days after surgery the skin sutures were removed and were observed reluctance to support the left hind limb. Physiotherapy sessionswere prescribed. Forty days after the surgery was performed a radiographic exam of the left hind limb which revealed alignment of the bone axis. Six months after the surgery, the owner reported that the dog supported the left hind limb.Case 2. A 4-month-old female cat was presented with history of trauma, with 24 h’s duration, and reluctance in supporting the left hind limb. On physical examination there was identified pain on the left femoral diaphyseal region. Radiographic examination revealed a closed, complete and simple fracture of the diaphysis of the femur, and a surgical stabilization through primary fixation with intramedullary pin, and secondary fixation with three polyamide nylon ties was performed.Seven days after the surgery were observed reluctance to support the left hind limb. Three months after the surgery, the owner was contacted and he reported that the cat was supported the limb.Discussion: Adult dogs are more susceptible to diaphyseal fractures and so does the dog in the present report. On the other hand, young cats present high metaphyseal fracture rates due to the metaphyseal growth plate. However, the cat in the present report was different since it was 4-month-old and presented diaphyseal fracture. Different from steel cerclagewires, polyamide nylon ties were used as secondary fixation in diaphyseal fractures for the reason that of their stability in this kind of fracture, no tissue reaction and minimal tissue trauma. The adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 were already used in different surgical procedures in human patients and animals. Complications reported in the literature due to theiruse were associated with erroneous surgical techniques. Adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 proved to be efficient as bone cerclage device in diaphyseal multiple and simple fracture, as well as gave stability to the herein assessed adult dog and young cat, besides not inducing foreign body reactions.Keywords: small animals, polyamide, bones, cerclage, surgery

Rui Lopes - Museu Académico de Coimbra: Evolução Histórica, Coleções e Proposta de Atualização

Atravessa-se, na atualidade e à escala global, um momento-chave na história das coleções e museus das instituições de ensino superior que conhecem um crescente e renovado interesse por parte do público, dos governos e da academia. A nível europeu, nos últimos 15 anos, assistiu-se, entre outros, ao reconhecimento pelo Conselho Internacional de Museus (ICOM) da especificidade dos museus universitários com a fundação do UMAC (Comité Internacional para os Museus e Coleções Universitárias), em 200..

Rui Lopes - Museu Académico de Coimbra: Evolução Histórica, Coleções e Proposta de Atualização

Atravessa-se, na atualidade e à escala global, um momento-chave na história das coleções e museus das instituições de ensino superior que conhecem um crescente e renovado interesse por parte do público, dos governos e da academia. A nível europeu, nos últimos 15 anos, assistiu-se, entre outros, ao reconhecimento pelo Conselho Internacional de Museus (ICOM) da especificidade dos museus universitários com a fundação do UMAC (Comité Internacional para os Museus e Coleções Universitárias), em 200..