Effect of Client Centred Counselling On Commercial Sex Workers’ Knowledge of HIV/AIDS in Numan Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria

The study investigated the effect of Client –Centred Counselling on Commercial Sex Workers knowledge of HIV/AIDS in Numan Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to determine the CSWs during the pre-test, and the effect of the client centred counselling on their knowledge of the infection. One research question was answered, and a hypothesis was tested in the study. A quasi-experimental design was adopted. Purposeful sampling was carried out with all four brothels in Numan Local Government Area. Twenty (20) CSWs volunteered for the study. There was no control group due to the number and willingness to participate in the study. The hypothesis was tested using t-test at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that the CSWs had good knowledge of HIV/AIDS at post-test as opposed to the pre-test. It also showed a significant difference in the mean knowledge scores of CSWs from 4.40-5.35 (P=0.0001). This shows that client centred counselling has significant effect on the knowledge of CSWs of HIV/AIDS. Keywords: Effect, Client-Centered Counselling, Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs), Knowledge, HIV/AIDS

EU:s utvecklingspolitik i Mali

Denna uppsats ämnar kritiskt förklara och tolka relationen mellan Mali och EU genom applicering av världssystemteori. Vi har valt att analysera de strategier som EU implementerat i Mali för att främja politisk och ekonomisk utveckling samt hur det ekonomiska partnerskapsavtal som slöts med Västafrika i juni 2014 utformats. Slutsatsen dras att teorin är användbar i syfte att finna en alternativ förklaring till de satsningar som gjorts och varför det är av vikt för EU att främja demokrati och ekonomisk liberalisering i Mali. Genom applicering av världssystemteori tydliggörs att relationen kan anses exemplifiera hur EU ämnar främja sin position som hegemon i världsekonomin vilket resulterar i en centrum-periferi relation mellan unionen och landet. Detta kritiseras då det resulterar i att de strategier och avtal som implementerats i viss mån kan anses imperialistiska, vilket står i motsats till EU:s officiella mål med sin bistånd- och utvecklingspolitik

Social Networking Sites: Changing Roles, Skills and Use by Librarians in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the extent to which librarians use social networking sites (SNSs) and the level of skills possessed by librarians to effectively use these tools. A questionnaire was used to collect data on the skills and use of social networking sites by librarians in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The questionnaire was developed using SurveyMonkey and administered using an online method. The study revealed that Facebook, WhatsApp, LinkedIn, Twitter, Skype and YouTube are the most popular SNSs used by the Librarians. Other social networking sites such as ‘Nigerian Library Association (NLA) online forum’ and ‘Research gate’ were also mentioned by the librarians. The study also revealed that marketing library services, sharing information about the library resources, and news about the library were indicated as the top reasons for using the SNSs by librarians in Nigeria. Librarians in Nigeria rated their skills such as interacting with friends and relatives, searching and navigating different SNSs, applying information ethically, and ability to evaluate information on SNSs to be higher than others. The librarians mentioned power failure, bad network/low bandwidth, lack of time and lack of interest by some librarians as the major challenges in using SNSs in Nigeria. This study offers insights for academic libraries to make informed decisions in applying social networking tools

Ciprofioxacin in experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis in rabbits

The potential of ciprofloxacin for the therapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis was evaluated in an animal model by determining the penetration of the drug into CSF, its concentration-dependent killing characteristics in vivo, and its relative efficacy compared with ceftazidime and tobramycin. Meningitis was produced in 40 rabbits by intracisternal injection of 3 x 10 7 organisms. The drugs were administered intravenously over seven hours, and simultaneous serum and CSF samples were taken at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 h for determination of drug concentration and CSF bacterial counts. The percentage penetration of ciprofloxacin (18-4± 12'3; mean±standard deviation) in infected rabbits was substantially increased over that found in uninfected rabbits (4'1 ± 1· 3). The rate of bacterial killing for animals treated with ceftazidime (100 mg/kg/h) and high doses of tobramycin (2·5 mg/kg/h) was -0·51 ±0·13 (lOglO cfu/ml/h). This was similar to the rate of killing (-0-48±0·2) found when ciprofloxacin was infused at 5 mg/kg/h, a dose that produced a mean serum level of 6·7 ± 4·6 mg/I, which corresponds to concentrations achievable in humans. As dosages were increased (15 and 30 mg/kg/h), the rate of bacterial killing also increased (-0'70 ±O'I and -0·89±0·4 respectively; r = 0·7407; P<O·OI). The drug shows promise in the treatment of pseudomonas meningitis

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin

Spatial Organization and Molecular Correlation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Using Deep Learning on Pathology Images

Beyond sample curation and basic pathologic characterization, the digitized H&E-stained images of TCGA samples remain underutilized. To highlight this resource, we present mappings of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) based on H&E images from 13 TCGA tumor types. These TIL maps are derived through computational staining using a convolutional neural network trained to classify patches of images. Affinity propagation revealed local spatial structure in TIL patterns and correlation with overall survival. TIL map structural patterns were grouped using standard histopathological parameters. These patterns are enriched in particular T cell subpopulations derived from molecular measures. TIL densities and spatial structure were differentially enriched among tumor types, immune subtypes, and tumor molecular subtypes, implying that spatial infiltrate state could reflect particular tumor cell aberration states. Obtaining spatial lymphocytic patterns linked to the rich genomic characterization of TCGA samples demonstrates one use for the TCGA image archives with insights into the tumor-immune microenvironment