471 research outputs found
Structural Information in Two-Dimensional Patterns: Entropy Convergence and Excess Entropy
We develop information-theoretic measures of spatial structure and pattern in
more than one dimension. As is well known, the entropy density of a
two-dimensional configuration can be efficiently and accurately estimated via a
converging sequence of conditional entropies. We show that the manner in which
these conditional entropies converge to their asymptotic value serves as a
measure of global correlation and structure for spatial systems in any
dimension. We compare and contrast entropy-convergence with mutual-information
and structure-factor techniques for quantifying and detecting spatial
structure.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures,
http://www.santafe.edu/projects/CompMech/papers/2dnnn.htm
Information-Geometric Indicators of Chaos in Gaussian Models on Statistical Manifolds of Negative Ricci Curvature
A new information-geometric approach to chaotic dynamics on curved
statistical manifolds based on Entropic Dynamics (ED) is proposed. It is shown
that the hyperbolicity of a non-maximally symmetric 6N-dimensional statistical
manifold M_{s} underlying an ED Gaussian model describing an arbitrary system
of 3N degrees of freedom leads to linear information-geometric entropy growth
and to exponential divergence of the Jacobi vector field intensity, quantum and
classical features of chaos respectively.Comment: 8 pages, final version accepted for publicatio
Limits on the Majorana neutrino mass in the 0.1 eV range
The Heidelberg-Moscow experiment gives the most stringent limit on the
Majorana neutrino mass. After 24 kg yr of data with pulse shape measurements,
we set a lower limit on the half-life of the neutrinoless double beta decay in
76Ge of T_1/2 > 5.7 * 10^{25} yr at 90% C.L., thus excluding an effective
Majorana neutrino mass greater than 0.2 eV. This allows to set strong
constraints on degenerate neutrino mass models.Comment: 6 pages (latex) including 3 postscript figures and 2 table
Microphysical Approach to Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Quantum Fields
We examine the nonequilibrium dynamics of a self-interacting
scalar field theory. Using a real time formulation of finite temperature field
theory we derive, up to two loops and , the effective equation of
motion describing the approach to equilibrium. We present a detailed analysis
of the approximations used in order to obtain a Langevin-like equation of
motion, in which the noise and dissipation terms associated with quantum
fluctuations obey a fluctuation-dissipation relation. We show that, in general,
the noise is colored (time-dependent) and multiplicative (couples nonlinearly
to the field), even though it is still Gaussian distributed. The noise becomes
white in the infinite temperature limit. We also address the effect of
couplings to other fields, which we assume play the r\^ole of the thermal bath,
in the effective equation of motion for . In particular, we obtain the
fluctuation and noise terms due to a quadratic coupling to another scalar
field.Comment: 30 pages, LaTex (uses RevTex 3.0), DART-HEP-93/0
Historical Y. pestis Genomes Reveal the European Black Death as the Source of Ancient and Modern Plague Pandemics
© 2016 Elsevier Inc.Ancient DNA analysis has revealed an involvement of the bacterial pathogen Yersinia pestis in several historical pandemics, including the second plague pandemic (Europe, mid-14th century Black Death until the mid-18th century AD). Here we present reconstructed Y. pestis genomes from plague victims of the Black Death and two subsequent historical outbreaks spanning Europe and its vicinity, namely Barcelona, Spain (1300-1420 cal AD), Bolgar City, Russia (1362-1400 AD), and Ellwangen, Germany (1485-1627 cal AD). Our results provide support for (1) a single entry of Y. pestis in Europe during the Black Death, (2) a wave of plague that traveled toward Asia to later become the source population for contemporary worldwide epidemics, and (3) the presence of an historical European plague focus involved in post-Black Death outbreaks that is now likely extinct
Critical Exponents, Hyperscaling and Universal Amplitude Ratios for Two- and Three-Dimensional Self-Avoiding Walks
We make a high-precision Monte Carlo study of two- and three-dimensional
self-avoiding walks (SAWs) of length up to 80000 steps, using the pivot
algorithm and the Karp-Luby algorithm. We study the critical exponents
and as well as several universal amplitude ratios; in
particular, we make an extremely sensitive test of the hyperscaling relation
. In two dimensions, we confirm the predicted
exponent and the hyperscaling relation; we estimate the universal
ratios , and (68\% confidence
limits). In three dimensions, we estimate with a
correction-to-scaling exponent (subjective 68\%
confidence limits). This value for agrees excellently with the
field-theoretic renormalization-group prediction, but there is some discrepancy
for . Earlier Monte Carlo estimates of , which were , are now seen to be biased by corrections to scaling. We estimate the
universal ratios and ; since , hyperscaling holds. The approach to
is from above, contrary to the prediction of the two-parameter
renormalization-group theory. We critically reexamine this theory, and explain
where the error lies.Comment: 87 pages including 12 figures, 1029558 bytes Postscript
(NYU-TH-94/09/01
The N-component Ginzburg-Landau Hamiltonian with cubic anisotropy: a six-loop study
We consider the Ginzburg-Landau Hamiltonian with a cubic-symmetric quartic
interaction and compute the renormalization-group functions to six-loop order
in d=3. We analyze the stability of the fixed points using a Borel
transformation and a conformal mapping that takes into account the
singularities of the Borel transform. We find that the cubic fixed point is
stable for N>N_c, N_c = 2.89(4). Therefore, the critical properties of cubic
ferromagnets are not described by the Heisenberg isotropic Hamiltonian, but
instead by the cubic model at the cubic fixed point. For N=3, the critical
exponents at the cubic and symmetric fixed points differ very little (less than
the precision of our results, which is in the case of
and ). Moreover, the irrelevant interaction bringing from the symmetric to
the cubic fixed point gives rise to slowly-decaying scaling corrections with
exponent . For N=2, the isotropic fixed point is stable and
the cubic interaction induces scaling corrections with exponent . These conclusions are confirmed by a similar analysis of the
five-loop -expansion. A constrained analysis which takes into account
that in two dimensions gives .Comment: 29 pages, RevTex, new refs added, Phys. Rev. B in pres
Critical behavior of the two-dimensional N-component Landau-Ginzburg Hamiltonian with cubic anisotropy
We study the two-dimensional N-component Landau-Ginzburg Hamiltonian with
cubic anisotropy. We compute and analyze the fixed-dimension perturbative
expansion of the renormalization-group functions to four loops. The relations
of these models with N-color Ashkin-Teller models, discrete cubic models,
planar model with fourth order anisotropy, and structural phase transition in
adsorbed monolayers are discussed. Our results for N=2 (XY model with cubic
anisotropy) are compatible with the existence of a line of fixed points joining
the Ising and the O(2) fixed points. Along this line the exponent has
the constant value 1/4, while the exponent runs in a continuous and
monotonic way from 1 to (from Ising to O(2)). For N\geq 3 we find a
cubic fixed point in the region , which is marginally stable or
unstable according to the sign of the perturbation. For the physical relevant
case of N=3 we find the exponents and at the cubic
transition.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure
Corporate Social Responsibility Reputation Effects on MBA Job Choice: Controlling for Region of Origin
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