La prise en compte des aînés et de leurs activités : étude du projet Vendôme à Montréal dans la perspective de l’ergonomie et du design urbain

L’objectif de la thèse est, dans un contexte de vieillissement de la population, de contribuer aux connaissances portant sur la prise en compte des aînés et de leurs activités dans les projets d’aménagement urbain au Québec. Pour y répondre, une perspective interdisciplinaire a été bâtie sur des rapprochements entre deux disciplines tournées vers l’action, l’ergonomie et le design urbain. Un modèle d’analyse nommé PEACI (Personne-Environnement-Activité-Contexte-Intervention) a été développé de façon itérative à partir du cadre conceptuel et des résultats issus de la recherche. Ce travail a été mené au travers de l’étude d’un cas spécifique, le projet Vendôme, au stade de l’étude de faisabilité. Les données proviennent principalement d’observations, d’entrevues auprès de parties prenantes du projet et de participants périphériques au projet, de même que du recueil de documentation. Une analyse qualitative de ces matériaux a été réalisée en utilisant le modèle développé au cours de la thèse. Quatre systèmes de représentation d’aînés distincts (« vulnérabilité », « fragilité », « lenteur », « répit ») émergent de l'analyse, dont l’un (« vulnérabilité ») est plus particulièrement véhiculé dans le projet Vendôme, projet dont la thèse offre une description détaillée. Les résultats montrent l’intérêt de l’utilisation du modèle PEACI pour identifier des enjeux liés au déploiement de la prise en compte du vieillissement dans les projets d’aménagement urbain. La discussion ouvre sur deux pistes de recherche autour de la traduction de la notion d’environnements capacitants pour les aînés en milieu urbain et de la conceptualisation de « situations de vie » des aînés. La conclusion rappelle les principaux défis reliés à l’intégration du vieillissement dans les projets d'aménagement urbain - notamment celui de l’intersectorialité - et l’inscription de la thèse dans une perspective interdisciplinaire tournée vers l’actionThe objective of the thesis is, in a context of population’s aging, to contribute to knowledge regarding how to take into account elder people and their activities in urban project in Quebec. To respond to this objective, an interdisciplinary perspective was built on links between two disciplines, ergonomics and urban design. An analysis model, named PEACI (Person-Environment-Activities_Context_Intervention) was iteratively developed, based on the conceptual frame and results from the research. This work relies on the study of a specific case, the Vendôme project, very detailed in the thesis, at the feasibility phase. Data mainly come from observations, stakeholders and key informant interviews and documentation collection. A qualitative analysis of these materials was realized, using the model elaborated during the thesis. Four distinct representation systems (“vulnerability”, “frailness”, “slowness”, “respite”) emerge from the analysis. One of them (“vulnerability”) is mainly conveyed by the Vendôme project. Results show the interest of using the PEACI model to identify issues related to the implementation of ageing preoccupation in urban projects. The discussion opens two research avenues: the first one on the translation of the notion of enabling environments for elder people in urban settings and the second one on the conceptualization of “life situations” of elder people (as reference of “work situations”). The conclusion reminds the main issues related to the integration of aging in urban projects- in particular the intersectorality- and the interdisciplinary and action-oriented scientific approach of the thesi

Con experiencia, pero frágiles : la complejidad del trabajo real que enfrentan los auxiliares de enfermería en geriatría en Quebec

Os auxiliares de enfermagem são responsáveis pelos cuidados prestados aos residentes em instituições geriátricas. Os auxiliares experientes têm duas características. Por um lado, aplicam o saber-fazer informal e indispensável para atingir os objetivos prescritos. Ao mesmo tempo, constituem uma categoria de emprego muito fragilizada, nomeadamente no que respeita à saúde no no trabalho. O objetivo do nosso artigo é apresentar o ponto de vista dos auxiliares sobre os fatores relacionados com a organização do trabalho que estão na origem desta fragilidade. Realizámos uma investigação qualitativa que consistiu em entrevistas com vinte auxiliares experientes com mais de dez anos de experiência em quatro centros de cuidados e alojamento de longa duração (Centres de Hébergement et de Soins de Longue Durée - CHSLD) no Quebeque (Canadá). Os três principais fatores identificados pelos auxiliares foram : o aumento da carga de trabalho que causa dificuldades na realização do trabalho prescrito ; a atividade de trabalho torna-se mais complexa ; e a distância dos superiores hierárquicos diretos que impede a realização de discussões coletivas sobre a qualidade das atividades.Los auxiliares de enfermería son responsables de las labores de asistencia dirigidas a los residentes en las instituciones geriátricas. Los auxiliares con experiencia presentan dos características. Por un lado, implementan el saber-hacer informal e indispensable para lograr los objetivos prescritos. Paralelamente, conforman una categoría de empleo muy debilitada, particularmente en términos de salud laboral. El objetivo de nuestro artículo es presentar el punto de vista de los auxiliares sobre los factores relativos a la organización del trabajo que provocan esta debilidad. Llevamos adelante una investigación cualitativa que consistió en entrevistas con veinte auxiliares experimentados, los cuales contaban con más de diez años de experiencia en cuatro Centres d’Hébergement et de Soins de Longue Durée (CHSLD) – Centros de alojamiento y de cuidados de larga duración - en Quebec (Canadá). Se documentaron los tres principales factores identificados por los auxiliares : el aumento de la carga laboral que provoca una dificultad para realizar el trabajo prescrito ; la actividad laboral se complejiza ; y el distanciamiento con el superior inmediato que impide las discusiones colectivas acerca de la calidad de las actividades.Les préposés aux bénéficiaires sont responsables de l’ensemble des activités d’assistance envers les résidents dans les organisations gériatriques. Les préposés expérimentés présentent deux caractéristiques. D’une part, elles mettent en œuvre des savoir-faire informels indispensables pour l’atteinte des objectifs prescrits. Parallèlement, elles composent une catégorie d’emploi très fragilisée, notamment en termes de santé au travail. L’objectif de notre article est de présenter le point de vue des préposés sur les facteurs relatifs à l’organisation du travail qui provoquent cette fragilité. Nous avons réalisé une recherche qualitative se composant d’entrevues avec vingt préposés expérimentés détenant plus de dix ans d’ancienneté et travaillant dans quatre Centres d’Hébergement et de Soins de Longue Durée (CHSLD) du Québec. Trois principaux facteurs identifiés par les préposés sont documentés : L’intensification de la charge de travail provoque une difficulté à réaliser le travail prescrit ; l’activité de travail se complexifie ; et l’éloignement du gestionnaire immédiat empêche les discussions collectives sur la qualité des activités.Personal care workers (PCW) are responsible for all nursing assistance activities for residents in geriatric organizations. The experienced PCW have two characteristics. On the one hand, they use informal know-how that are essential for achieving the prescribed objectives. At the same time, they constitute a very fragile job category, particularly in terms of occupational health. The objective of our paper is to present the point of view of these workers on the factors relating to the organization of work which cause this fragility. We carried out qualitative research consisting of interviews with twenty experienced PCW with more than ten years of experience, working in four Long-Term Care Centers (CHSLDs) in Quebec (Canada). The three main factors identified by the professionals are : The intensification of the workload causes difficulty in carrying out the prescribed work ; the work activity becomes more complex ; and the distance of the immediate manager prevents collective discussions on the quality of the activities

Positionner l’ergonomie dans la conception : exemple dans la grande distribution

Une entreprise de la grande distribution s’interroge sur les effets sur le travail du changement de concept de vente de son magasin. À cette occasion, la prévention des troubles musculo-squelettiques (TMS) est évoquée et conduit à une intervention en ergonomie. Cette intervention, à travers une mise en discussion régulière des constats et analyses des situations de travail avec tous les opérateurs de l’entreprise, a permis l’élaboration d’un nouvel outil de mise en rayon, mais également d’interroger la conduite de projet de changement de concept.A mass marketing company is asking about the effect on work of selling concept change. Preventing Musculo Skeletal Disorders (MSD) is evocated and leads to an ergonomics intervention. The intervention, by discussing the report and analysis with all company operators, allows the design of a new tool for filling counters, furthermore this intervention permits to question the design project of concept change.Una empresa del sector de la gran distribución se pregunta cuáles son los efectos sobre el trabajo que puede acarrear el cambio de concepto de venta en su negocio. En esa oportunidad, se evoca la prevención de las LME y esto conduce a una intervención en ergonomía. Esta intervención, a través de una puesta en discusión regular de lo constatado y de los análisis de las situaciones de trabajo con todos los operadores de la empresa, ha permitido la elaboración de un nuevo instrumento de puesta en góndola, y ha servido para interrogar la gestión de proyectos de cambio de concepto

Current learning strategies in fire evacuation for seniors and people with disabilities in private seniors’ residences and long-term care homes: a scoping review

Current strategies for teaching evacuation methods in private seniors’ residences (PSR) and long-term care (LTCH) homes may pose risks to people with disabilities (PWD) and seniors' physical and psychological health. This study aimed to address the following questions: (1) Which are the current fire evacuation learning strategies used with PWD or seniors? (2) What are the barriers and facilitators for PWD and seniors' during fire evacuation and learning strategies in PSR and LTCH? (3) What is the existing equipment that could be used with PWD seniors?. A scoping review of grey and scientific literature was done in six databases and Google scholar. Additional information was found on Québec government websites. This review identified 13 scientific papers and 22 documents. Twenty barriers (personal = 9, environmental = 11), and 14 facilitators (personal = 4, environmental = 10) were extracted. The current fire evacuation learning strategies currently used can be grouped into three categories: drills; training; promotion of a fire safety plan. Six types of evacuation equipment were found; however, their use has been scarcely documented. Safety for seniors during fire evacuation is still an important issue to be improved. Increasing awareness and creating new practices and tools that consider the strengths and difficulties of seniors seems to be a promising avenue for improving evacuation

Relationship-Based Care and Behaviours of Residents in Long-Term Care Facilities

Introduction. In long-term care (LTC), person-centred approaches are encouraged. One such approach, relationship-based care (RBC), aims among other things to reduce residents’ agitated behaviours. RBC has been used in numerous Quebec LTC facilities over the past decade but it has never been studied. Objective. Explore correlations between use of RBC by trained caregivers and the frequency of agitated and positive behaviours of residents with cognitive impairments. Methods. Two independent raters observed fourteen caregiver/resident dyads in two LTC facilities during assistance with hygiene and dressing. Checklists were used to quantify caregivers’ RBC use and residents’ agitated and positive behaviours. Results. Scores for RBC use were high, suggesting good application of the approach by caregivers. Correlation analyses showed that offering residents realistic choices and talking to them during care were associated with both positive and agitated behaviours (P from 0.03 to 0.003). However, many other components of RBC were not associated with residents’ behaviours during care. Conclusions. There were only a few quantitative links between the RBC checklist items and the frequency of agitated or positive behaviours. Other studies with a more rigorous research design are needed to better understand the impact of relationship-based care on residents’ behaviours

Enhancing Employability for Autistic Graduates: Using TRIZ Theory to Design Virtual Reality Solutions for Fostering Inclusive Communications in Workplace Environments

The underemployment of post-secondary graduates with autism AP-PSD is a critical concern This issue often stems from difficulties in workplace integration and communication This research explores the potential of virtual reality VR systems to alleviate these challenges by simulating work environments The methodology rooted in the TRIZ Theory a problem-solving algorithm refines the use of VR systems for enhanced adaptability and efficiency The primary objectives include enhancing employers understanding of AP-PSD-related issues and identifying significant workplace challenges faced by AP-PSDs Through literature reviews surveys and focus groups the study investigates the factors impacting AP-PSDs and identifies key components to develop a more effective VR system to support their workplace integration The research also scrutinizes existing technological adaptations that could improve situation recognition communication and understanding in the workplace Additionally the potential role of human supervision in conjunction with VR technology support for AP-PSD employees is considered The results suggest that regardless of company size supporting AP-PSDs in the workplace is a feasible goal that can enhance their wellbeing Crucially the AP-PSD s active participation in their own integration process which encompasses training human support and environmental adaptations along with the specific involvement of the human resources manager has proven vital With the right accommodations AP-PSDs can demonstrate up to 30 greater productivity than neurotypical employees offsetting accommodation costs This research emphasizes the need to blend human-centered approaches with technological innovations to boost AP-PSDs employability Though industry-specific integration details are beyond the scope of this study the results underline the potential for tailored solutions aligned with each company s unique culture The paper presents a prototype for further co-design phase

Enhancing Employability for Autistic Graduates: Using TRIZ Theory to Design Virtual Reality Solutions for Fostering Inclusive Communications in Workplace Environments

The underemployment of post-secondary graduates with autism (AP-PSD) is a critical concern. This issue often stems from difficulties in workplace integration and communication. This research explores the potential of virtual reality (VR) systems to alleviate these challenges by simulating work environments. The methodology, rooted in the TRIZ Theory, a problem-solving algorithm, refines the use of VR systems for enhanced adaptability and efficiency. The primary objectives include enhancing employers\u27 understanding of AP-PSD-related issues and identifying significant workplace challenges faced by AP-PSDs. Through literature reviews, surveys, and focus groups, the study investigates the factors impacting AP-PSDs and identifies key components to develop a more effective VR system to support their workplace integration

Une forme de gestion désincarnée de l’activité : L’exemple d’une formation en santé et sécurité du travail destinée aux préposés aux bénéficiaires au Québec

Cet article a pour objectif d’illustrer les limites d’un mode de gestion désincarné de l’activité réelle de travail. Nous prenons l’exemple d’un mode de gestion « top-down » d’une formation en santé au travail destinée aux préposés aux bénéficiaires travaillant dans les organisations gériatriques au Québec. À partir d’une étude qualitative (neuf entrevues semi-dirigées avec des préposés) visant à déterminer les facteurs favorables à l’application de cette formation, nous décrivons trois résultats principaux. D’une part, l’activité des préposés est structurée quotidiennement en matière de rythmes de travail et de balises temporelles. D’autre part, les préposés utilisent des stratégies de régulation des temporalités qui contreviennent en partie aux savoirs transmis lors de la formation initiale. Enfin, le contenu du programme de formation n’est pas fréquemment respecté. Nous émettons deux recommandations visant le développement d’autres formations en nous basant sur la participation directe des préposés.This goal of this article is to illustrate the limits of management methods that are disembodied from the real activity. We give as an example the "top-down" management of occupational health training for personal care workers in geriatric organizations in the Province of Quebec. We used a qualitative study with 9 semi-structured interviews to determine which factors favoured the application of this training, and we describe three main results. Firstly, the personal care workers’ activity was structured in terms of work rhythms and time markers. Secondly, personal care workers used temporal regulation strategies that were not taught in the initial training. Finally, the OHS content of the training program was not respected very often. We consequently recommend the participation of these workers in the development and implementation of these programs